高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success Lesson 3 Getting to the Top 随堂检测

选择性必修一Unit2Lesson31．extremen．极端；极度；极限adj．极端的；极度的；偏激的→extremelyadv．极度，极其2．academicadj．学术的→academyn．学院；学会3．skipvt．不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走→skipped[过去式]→skipped[过去分词]→skipping[现在分词]4．defensiveadj．戒备的，自卫的→defencen.保卫，保护→defendv.防守；防护；辩护5．lengthn．长度→longadj．长的→lengthenv．(使)变长；延长6．injuredadj．受伤的→injuryn．伤害，损害→injurevt．伤害，损害7．normaladj．正常的，平常的→abnormaladj．反常的重点单词与短语精析★课标词▲高频词▲★1.ruin【用法归纳】(1)vt.毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等）ruinone’shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途▶Thismistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthejob.这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。▶Cheapimportsareruiningmanybusinesses.廉价的进口商品正在毁掉许多企业。(2)n.[U]毁坏，毁灭；[C][pl.]废墟，残垣断壁inruins严重受损，破败不堪fallintoruin衰落，败落▶Whentheyreturnedtothehometownthenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.第二天回到家乡的时候，他们发现他们的街区变成了废墟。▶Alargenumberofschoolsfellintoruinafterthewar.战争过后，许多学校都毁了。辨析比较ruin/destroy/damage易混词区别英语释义ruin强调“毁坏，毁灭”，使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，且不能恢复。todamagesth.orhaveacompletelynegativeeffectonitsothatitisnolongeratallsuccessful,enjoyableorusefuldestroy多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，含不能或很难修复的意味。也可指毁掉一个人。todamagesth.sobadlythatitnolongerexists,works；tokillananimaldamage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成价值降低、功能破坏等后果，含仍可能修复的意味，也可指对健康等带来不良影响。tocausephysicalharmtosth.,makingitlessattractive,usefulorvaluable;tohaveabadeffectonsb.’slife,health,happinessorchancesofsuccess【练习】1.语法填空①Twodayslater,thefightingbetweenthetwocountrieslefttheareainruins.②Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhercompanyfellintoruinandshefinallydecidedtofindanewjob.③WevisitedtheruinsoftheSummerPalacelastwinter.Itwasruinedbyforeigninvaders(侵略者).(ruin)2.单句写作这场雨毁了我们的假期。我们不得不改变计划。(ruin)Therainruinedourholiday.Wehadtochangeourplans.3.选词填空：destroy/ruin/damage①Constantlybendingyourheadtocheckyourcellphonecoulddamageyourneck.②Datashowsthatmoreandmorerainforestshavebeendestroyedinrecentyears.③Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuitgotruined.2.boildownto【用法归纳】boildownto(局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to是介词)▶Intheend,whatitallboilsdowntoistime,orthelackofit.问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。▶Itboilsdowntoaquestionofpriorities.这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。【拓展】相关词语积累：boilsth.down（tosth.）概括，归纳，压缩[近义]comedowntosth.可归结为，可归纳为▶TheoriginalspeechIhadwrittengotboileddowntoabouttenminutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。▶Whatitcomesdowntois,eitherIgotherealoneoryouaccompanymethere.归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。【练习】语法填空①Itboilsdowntoonequestionwhetheryoureallyhavefullconfidence.②Itboilsdowntohowfastamachinecanperformanoperation.③Ourchoicesboildowntostaying(stay)hereorleavinghere.★3.length【用法归纳】(1)n.[C]游泳池长度(一端至另一端的距离）▶Shedoesatleast20lengthsaday.她每天在游泳池里至少游10个来回。(2)n.[C,U]长，长度；(持续)时间的长短inlength在长度上▶Ialwayshadthefeelingthatshewaskeepingmeatarm’slength.我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。▶Thebiggestdolphincanmeasurefourmetresinlengthbutcommondolphinsareusuallylessthantwometreslong.最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。【拓展】(1)与length相关的短语：atlength最后；详尽地，长时间▶Atlength,thedaycameonwhichweweretoleave.终于到了我们要走的那一天。▶Wehavealreadydiscussedthismatteratlength.我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。(2)词性拓展：longadj．长的lengthn．[C]游泳池长度；[C,U]长度，时间的长短lengthenv．(使)变长；延长与与“long→length→lengthen”变形相似的还有：wideadj.宽的→widthn.宽度→widenv.变宽deepadj.深的→depthn.深(度)→deepenv.加强strongadj.强壮的一strengthn.力量→strengthenv.加强broadadj.宽阔的一breadthn.宽度→broadenv.变宽【练习】1.语法填空①Theselfiestick(自拍杆)isahand-heldpolewhichallowsuserstotakeaphotoofthemselvesfromgreaterthanarm’slength（long）.②IfyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazingdepth(deep)andvariety.③(江苏高考单项填空改编)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichwasbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthened(strength)Dickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.2.完成句子①公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。Atlength,thebusarrivedfortyminuteslate.②这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。Theroomis15inlengthand10feetinwidth.4.applyoneselfto致力于/专心于(to是介词)【用法归纳】▶EverytimeIseehim,heisalwaysapplyinghimselftohiswork.每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。▶Overthenextmonths,heappliedhimselftoimprovingthetechnique.在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。【拓展】相关词语积累：apply(1)vi.&vt.申请；请求apply(to...)for...(向……)申请applytodosth.申请做某事▶I’mapplyingforapart-timejobatacompanyinmycityduringthesummervacation.我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。▶Heappliedtolearncompositionfromthewell-knownmusician.他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。(2)vt.应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作applysth.to... 把某物应用于……beappliedto... 被应用于……（to为介词）▶WeshouldapplynewwordstospokenandwrittenEnglish.我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。▶Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtofarming.这项新技术已应用于农业。▶Weappliedourmindstofindingasolutiontoourproblem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。(3)vt.涂（油漆、乳剂）▶Applythecreamevenlyovertheskin.将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。(4)vi.（对……）适用，有效applyto...对……适用▶Theruleappliestoeveryoneinourschool.该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。【练习】1.判断下列句子中apply的含义①BythetimeIsawthejobadvertiseditwasalreadytoolatetoapply. 申请 ②Hewantsajobinwhichhecanapplyhisforeignlanguages. 应用，使用 ③Applythecreamtoexposedareaseverythreehoursandafterswimming. 涂(油漆、乳剂） ④Youcansolveanyproblemifyouapplyyourselftoit. 努力学习，勤奋工作 2.语法填空①Weshouldapplytheorytopractice;otherwise,itisnouse.②(2020·广东揭阳期末)ThepersonwhowantstoapplyforthepositionwillbeexpectedtohaveagoodcommandofEnglish.③Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand,you’llfinishitsoon.④Recently,hehasappliedhimselftodoing(do)researchandwritingpapers.▲★5.average【用法归纳】(1)adj.普通的；平均的；正常的▶Anaveragestudentcanbeexcellentbyhardwork.通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。▶Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老人需要照顾。▶Fortyhoursisafairlyaverageworkingweekformostpeople.对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。(2)n.[C,U]平均数；平均水平，一般水准anaverageof… 平均为……onaverage 平均来看above/belowaverage 高于/低于平均水平▶Theboatsremainatseaforanaverageoftendaysatatime.这些船只平均每次在海上待10天。▶Howmanycupcakesdoesyourshopselldailyonaverage？你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？▶Hisgradeisaboveaverageintheclass.他的成绩在班里中等以上。(3)linkingverb平均为；vt.算出……的平均数▶Therainfallthereaverages300mmayear.那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。【练习】1.判断下列句子中average的词性及含义①Anaverageadultmanburns1,500to2,000caloriesperday. adj.普通的 ②MrSmith’ssalaryisbelowaverageinhiscompany,whichmakeshimupset. n．平均水平 ③Thewaterinthelakeisnotparticularlydeep,averagingabout12metres. linkingverb平均为2.用average的相关短语完成句子①Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃aboveaverage.②Thepersonwhoworkswithamessy(凌乱的)deskspends,onaverage,oneandahalfhoursperdayinlookingforthings.▲★6.normalabnormaladj.abnormaladj.反常的；变态的(1)adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的Itisnormal（forsb./sth.）todosth. (对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。 undernormalcircumstances一般情况下▶Itisnormaltofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。▶Undernormalcircumstances,Igotosleepat10p.m.一般情况下，我晚上10点睡觉。(2)n.[U]一般水平，常态above/belownormal通常标准之上/之下bring...backtonormal使……恢复正常 returntonormal恢复正常▶Therainfallisbelownormalforthistimeofyear.一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。▶Ittookusalotoftimetobringeverythingbacktonormalaftertheearthquake.地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。【辨析比较】normal/ordinary/common/usual易混词区别Asusual,Igotupat7a.m.andanotherordinarydaybegan.Ihadtogotowork.Itwascommonthatthebuswascrowdedandnowondermanypeoplewenttoworkbyelectricmotorcycle.像往常一样，我早上7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。normal正常的，一般的。指行为、特征符合常态、常规。ordinary平常的，普通的。强调“平常”，无出奇之处。common常见的，共同的。具有多数人/事物共有的特征，因常见而显得平常。usual通常的，惯常的。侧重说明行为的经常性。【练习】1.完成句子①WhenItookhistemperature,itwas2℃abovenormal(通常标准之上).②Thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreconstructtheearthquake-hitareas,butitwillbesometimebeforetheyreturntonormal(恢复正常).2.选词填空：common//usual/normal//ordinary①(2019·北京阅读理解改编)Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.②(2018·北京单项填空改编)Ordinarysoap,usedcorrectly,candealwithbacteria(细菌)effectively.③(2019·浙江阅读理解七选五改编)Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.Eventhoughthereisacommonspiritamongallmusicgroups,theymakeverydifferentmusic.④Despitetheheavysnowyesterday,everybodyinthecompanywentabouttheirdailytasksasusual.7.letalone【用法归纳】letalone表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。▶Thereisn’tenoughroomforus,letaloneanyguests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。▶Protectingtheenvironmentisachallenge,letaloneimprovingit.保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。【拓展】相关词语积累：let/leavesb.alone不打扰，不惊动let/leavesth.alone不碰，不变动，不移动▶Sheaskedtobeleftalonebutthepressphotographersfollowedhereverywhere.她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。▶Leavethecakesalone.They’refortheguests.别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。【练习】语法填空①Withonelegbrokeninthatcaraccident,hecannotwalk,letalonerun.②Thecountrydoesnotyethaveenoughelectricityforitself,letaloneforexport.★8.rank【用法归纳】(1)vt.&vi.把……分等级，属于某等级；vt.排列，使排成行rank...as...把……视为……top-rankedplayers一流的选手▶Attheheightofhercareershe(was)rankedsecondintheworld.在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。▶Criticsrankhimasafirst-classpainter.批评家们把他视为一流画家。▶Cupswererankedneatlyontheshelf.杯子整齐地排列在架子上。(2)n.[U,C](尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔，[sing.]等级；[C](警察，士兵等的)队列，行列peopleofhighsocialrank社会地位高的人apainterofthefirstrank一流的画家▶Heisanofficerofseniorrank.他是个有高级军阶的军官。▶Thiscountryisnolongerinthefrontrankofworldpowers.这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。▶Shewasnotusedtoassociatingwithpeopleofhighsocialrank.她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。▶Theywatchedasranksofmarchingsoldierspassedthewindow.他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。【练习】单句写作①这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。Thesceneryinthisarearanksamongthebestinmycountry. ②他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。Heisrankedasoneofthegreatestpianiststoday. ③这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。TheboydeterminedtobecomeascientistofthefirstranklikeYuanLongping. ④上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。She(was)rankedfirstinthetenniscompetitionlastterm. 重点句型分析1.Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。【句型分析】本句为并列复合句，句子结构分析如下：Callitunhealthyifyouwant，第一分句：if引导条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句but并列连词thatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.第二分句：way后为省略了关系词的定语从句nomatterwhat引导的让步状语从句【考点提炼】(一)way后接定语从句的用法way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：(1)当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用that/inwhich引导；用that引导时，that可以省略。▶Theway(that)heexplainedthequestionwasquitesimple.(=Thewayinwhichheexplainedthequestionwasquitesimple.)他解释那个问题的方法很简单。(2)当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。▶Theway(that/which)hetolduswasquiteeffective.他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)▶Thewaythat/whichwasthoughtupbyhimwassimilartoTom’s.他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)【拓展】way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式：waytodosth.做某事的方法wayofdoingsth.做某事的方法▶Recyclingisonewayofprotecting/toprotecttheenvironment.回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。(二)“nomatter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句(1)nomatter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”▶Nomatterwhathedid,hisparentssupportedhim.不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。▶Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,we’llovercomeit.不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。(2)whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”▶Whoeveraskshimforhelp,heisalwaysreadytohelp.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。▶Heisaverydeterminedman.Whateverproblemshemeets,henevergivesup.他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。(3)引导让步状语从句时，nomatterwhat/who/when/where/how可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however互换。▶Now,thephotoisstillhangingonthewallofmybedroom.Nomatterwhen(=Whenever)Ilookatit,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它,我都禁不住想起我的朋友。【练习】1.语法填空①(2019·北京阅读理解七选五改编)Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuild(build)agreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.②Thewaythat/whichwasofferedbyhimtodotheexperimentwasdifferentfromthewaythatyoucarrieditout.2.单句写作我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。Idon’tliketheway(that)youtalktoyourmother.或Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyoutalktoyourmother.3.用适当的特殊疑问词(+-ever)填空①Nomatterhowdifficultitisnow,educationwillhelpyoubeaproductivememberinsociety.②(2020·天津滨海新区校级月考)Whateverproblemsyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethem.③WhereverAngelagoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.4.同义句转换①Wheneveryoucome,Iwillwelcomeyou.Nomatterwhenyoucome,Iwillwelcomeyou.②Nomatterwhereyougo,I’llgowithyou.Whereveryougo,I’llgowithyou.③Whatevertheresultis,weshouldacceptitwithasmile,becausewehavetriedourbest.Nomatterwhattheresultis,weshouldacceptitwithsmile,becausewehavetriedourbest.基础练｜知识巩固建议时间：25分钟一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)1.Vocabularyisthebasicelementofalanguage.Thoughtsandconceptsareexpressedthroughit.2.Thelossofglaciersduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattotheislandstatesintheworld.3.Theroomhehasjustrentedisabout9metresinlengthand3metresinwidth.4.Talentshowscanprovideaplatformforpeoplewhowanttostandinthespotlight.5.(2020·天津阅读理解改编)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance—curiosityanddiscontent.6.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkisthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years？7.(2019·北京语法填空改编)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademic(学术的)life,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).8.Thestressandintensity(强度)oftheworkleftlittleroomforpersonalgrieforanxiety.9.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解七选五改编)Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruined(毁坏)anentireday？10.(2020·江苏阅读理解改编)Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskip(不做)eatingfirst.11.Liketheirparents,childrenareoftendefensive(戒备的)abouttheirprivatelives.12.Apocketdictionarydoesn’tcontainenoughentries(条目)13.(2019·天津阅读理解改编)However,technologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountless(无数的)ways.14.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空改编)Thenextmorninghehired(租用)aboatandsetouttofindthewell-knownpainter.15.Thewaterisboiling(沸腾)andistoohot.Pouritfromonecuptoanotherrepeatedlytocoolit.二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2020·福建厦门外国语学校检测)Intheearthquake,thelargecitylayinruinswithinterrible15seconds.2.Ifyougoondrinkinglikethis,onedayyourfamilywillberuined(ruin).3.(2020·江苏阅读理解改编)Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskipped(skip)breakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.4.Shehadtochoosebetweengivingupherjoborhiring(hire)ababysitter.5.Sherunsonaverageabout15milesaday,whateverthecircumstancesandwhatevertheweather.6.Sinceitsintroduction,theBeidounavigationsystemhasbeenappliedtoeverydaylife,fromsharedbikestofarming.7.(2020·江苏任务型阅读改编)Theincreaseofenergywillevenmakeyoumorewillingtoexercise(exercise),andthatwillraiseyouroverallenergyevenmore.8.Theoldcouple,accustomedtocountrylife,wereunwilling(willing)tomovetothecitytolivewiththeirson.9.Isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength.10.People’slivescanbelengthened(lengthen)fromlimitedtounlimitedbyservingthesociety.11.Thelatestsurveyshowedthatmanygraduatesrankedcomputercompaniesastheirfirstchoicewhilehuntingforjobs.12.Usually,it’simpossibletooperateacomputerwithoutamouse,letalonesurftheInternet.三、完成句子1.Theissuebasicallyboilsdownto(归结为)howmuchitcoststodevelopandmaintainthesoftware.2.Itremainsuncertainwhenthetrainservicewillreturntonormal(恢复正常)afterthestrike.3.(2019·北京语法填空改编)Whatever/Nomatterwhatyouliketodo(无论你喜欢做什么),thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.4.Theway(which/that)Ithoughtoftosolvetheproblem(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法)provestobepractical.(way)5.Itishisconstantdesiretobecreativethatsetshimapartfrommostengineers(使他与绝大多数工程师与众不同).（set...apartfrom）6.Overthepastyears,shehasappliedherselftostudying(致力于研究)ancientChinesearchitecture.(apply)综合练｜能力提升建议时间：15分钟一、课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Olympicathletesoftenpush1.themselves(they)tothelimits.Theauthor,asa2.professional(profession)athlete,wasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveand3.determination(determine).Fromasmallgirl,shewouldstayinwhileothers4.were(be)out.Inherattempttostrive5.forgreatness,shemadecountlesssacrifices,likemissingbirthdayparties,ruiningfamilyholidaysandskippingnightsout,etc.However,shehasagoodreasonfor6.giving(give)upsomuch.Inordertorealizeherdreamofbeing7.anOlympicchampionandreachingthewinner’splatform,shehasalwayslivedherlifetoextremesandappliedherselftothesport.JustlikeBritishtriathleteAlistairBrownlee,shewouldprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage,eventhoughitmeansgettinginjured.Doingwhattheydoasathletessetsthemapartbecausetheyarewilling8.todo(do)thatextralittlebitthatmighttakethemtothetop.Itis9.certainly(certain)notabalancedwaytoliveanditisnotnormalbutthosewordsaregenerallynotusedforanyone10.whoistryingtoachievegreatness.二、七选五Althou