新课改瘦专用2024高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions教案含解析新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE15Unit3Inventorsandinventions一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)1．patentn．专利证书；专利权2．courtyardn.院子；庭院；天井3．perfumen.香水；香味4．cuben.立方体；立方5．stringn.线；绳子；一串6．greengrocern.蔬菜水果商(pl.)蔬菜水果店7．jamn.堵塞；堵塞；果酱8．microphonen.麦克风；话筒9．dynamicadj.充溢活力的；精力充足的；动态的；发展改变的10．personneln.人力资源；人事部；全体人员11．multipleadj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n.倍数12．extensionn.电话分机；扩大；延长Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)1．dialvt.拨(电话)2．claimn．&vt.要求；声称；主见3.abruptadj.突然的；意外的4．rainfalln.降雨5．foreheadn.额头6．seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺7．filen.文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档8．validadj.有效的；确凿的9．ripeadj.成熟的；熟的10．bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担11．tapvt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n.轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头12．stableadj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的13．currentn.(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的14．passiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的15．directoryn.电话簿；商行名录Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)1．distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguishedadj.闻名的；卓越的2．mercifuladj.宽大的；慈爱的；慈善的→mercilessadj.残忍的；无情的→mercyn．宽恕；慈爱3．productn．产品→producev．生产→producern．生产者；制片人4．convenientadj.便利的；便利的；就近的→conveniencen．便利；便利→convenientlyadv.便利地5．cautionn．当心；谨慎→cautiousadj.当心的；谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.当心地；谨慎地6．expectationn．预料；期盼；期望→expectv．预料；期盼；期望；认为7．recognitionn．认出；认可；承认→recognizevt.认出；承认8．freezingadj.冰冻的；寒冷的→freezev．冰冻→frozenadj.冻结的9．identificationn．鉴定；分辨；确定；身份证明→identifyv．确定；鉴别10．innocentadj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocencen．天真；清白11．occasionallyadv.偶然地；时常地→occasionaladj.偶然的→occasionn．时机；机会；场合12．associatevt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→associationn．联系；联盟；协会13．practicaladj.实际的；实践的；好用的→practicen．&vt.实践；练习14．merryadj.开心的；兴奋的→merrilyadv.兴奋地；开心地[语境活用]1．Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)2．YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient,_thatis,athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)3．Inwesterncountries,thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck,butactuallythereisn'tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)4．Ifnobodycanproveyourinnocence,_howcanyousayyouareinnocent？(innocent)5．Heissuchamercifulmanandalwayshasmercyonthosehomelessanimalsbutsometimeshecanbemercilesstothosehedoesn'tlike.(mercy)6．Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabonebutwasexpectedtogoout.(expect)7．Itisfreezingoutsidenow,andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)8．Thisismyoccasionalvisittothethemepark,inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)9．AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish,youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)(二)练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.ring_back回复电话2．ring_off挂断电话3．set_about起先；着手4．now_and_then间或；有时5．set_out_(to_do)起先(做)6．call_up给……打电话；使想起7．dive_into快速把手伸入；一心投入8．hang_on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住9．out_of_order次序颠倒；发生故障10．get_through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过1.ItwasbeforeIhadtimetospeakthatherang_off.2．Hehasbeendiving_intothehistoryofChineseliterature.3．BenjaminFranklinset_aboutlearningtheprinter'stradeatanearlyage.4．Afterbeingdividedintogroups,weset_outtoworkatonce.5．Afterthat,heknewhecouldget_throughanyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.6．Ifyouhang_onforawhile,IwillgoandseeifIcanfindyourmother.7．TellherI'llring_backinafewminutes.8．Everynow_and_thenyouhearsomebombsbursting.(三)仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。连词＋过去分词。当被告知你对唐诗感爱好时，我迫不及待地想向你举荐一本诗集。When_told_you_are_interested_inTangpoems,Ican'twaittorecommendacollectionofpoetrytoyou.2.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新奇的，否则很难被接受。so...that...引导结果状语从句。(2024·浙江高考写作)通过做兼职工作，我已经积累了如此多的相关阅历，以至于我认为我特别适合这项工作。Ihaveaccumulatedso_much_related_experience_by_working_part­time_thatIthinkI'mwellqualifiedforthework.3.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探究，不知不觉中你就会发觉某种值得思索的东西占据着你的头脑。祈使句＋and/or...＋陈述句。希望今年夏天在训练营见到你，我们可以一起玩得很快乐。Hope_to_meet_you_at_the_training_camp_this_summer_andwecanhavefuntogether.4.Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.授予专利是1876年，但五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发了第一个电话信息。itis/wasnotuntil...that强调句。(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)直到下午四点我们才回到学校。It_was_until_4_o'clock_in_the_afternoon_thatwewentbacktoourschool.二、课堂重点深化1．distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别[自主体验]单句语法填空①(2024·江苏高考)Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.②Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindsbutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.③Asweallknow,shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasagreatvolleyballcoachintheworld.[系统归纳](1)distinguishbetweenAandB 区分A和Bdistinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来distinguishoneselfas 作为……而出名(2)distinguishedadj. 卓越的；闻名的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor... 因……而出名bedistinguishedas... 作为……而出名[重点强化]佳句时时写④(2024·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)剪纸作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名，在中国有着1500多年的历史。Paper­cuttingis_distinguished_as_a_traditional_art_forminChina,whichhasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.2．bearvt.(bore,borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；担当；记住；生育；结果实；带着[自主体验]写出下列句中bear的含义①WhydoIhavetobearallthecostsofrepair？负担；担当②Shecouldn'tbearthethoughtofleavingherparents.忍受③Shedidbearahealthybabyinhospitalyesterday.生育单句语法填空④Ican'tbearyoungpeoplecasting(cast)awaytheiryouth.⑤Obviously,weshouldbearinmindwhatwearesupposedtodofirstincaseofanemergency.[系统归纳](1)beardoing/todosth. 忍受做某事bearsb./sb.'sdoingsth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keepsth.inmind 记住某事bear/keepinmindthat... 记住……[重点强化]佳句时时写⑥我们必需牢记中国是一个人口大国。Wemustalwaysbear_in_mind_thatChinaisabigcountrywithahugepopulation.3．associatevt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴[自主体验]单句语法填空①Ifyouassociatewithpositive­thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.②Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociated(associate)withsmoking.③Healwaysassociates(association)thesmellofthoseflowerswithhishappychildhood.[系统归纳](1)associate...with... 使……与……联系起来associatewithsb. 与某人交往/联系beassociatedwith 与……有关(2)associationn. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团inassociationwith 与……联合/有关联[重点强化]佳句时时写④(2024·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览是由当地政府和几个剪纸艺术家共同组织的。Thisexhibitionwasorganizedbythelocalgovernmentin_association_with_severalpaper­cutting_artists.僻义牢牢记⑤I'vegotanewjobandanewsetofworkassociates.同事1．callup给……打电话；使想起[系统归纳]calloff 取消；停止callfor 要求；呼吁；须要；去接(某人)callat 探望(某地)callon/upon 探望(某人)；号召；需求[重点强化]用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)①Thephotocalls_upthestoryofmychildhood.②Don'tletanythingcall_offyourattentionfromyourstudies.③Asweallknow,successinschoolcalls_formuchhardwork.④Mr.Whitecalled_atmyhouseafterhefinishedhisspeech.易错对对碰(calloff/callfor)⑤Iwillcall_foryouat8o'clockattheschoolgate.佳句时时写⑥假如你有时间的话，我就星期一请假去探望你。I'llaskleaveto_call_on_youonMondayifyoucansparemethetime.2．getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽[自主体验]写出下列句中getthrough的含义①Imanagedtogetthroughthetaskandtheeffortwasworthitintheend.做完②Icouldn'tgetthroughtohimbecausehistelephonewasoutofordernowandthen.设法联系上③Luckily,thegapinthefencewasjustwideenoughforthesheeptogetthrough.通过④Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完[系统归纳]get(sth.)across(tosb.) 使(某事)被(某人)理解getalongwithsb. 与某人相处；进展getawaywithsth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩处getdownto(doing)sth. 起先做某事；仔细处理某事getover 熬过；克服(困难)；从……中复原过来[重点强化]用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)⑤HowcanIgetitacrosstoyouhowimportantthisis?⑥Ithinktheproblemcanbegot_overwithoutmuchdifficulty.⑦AccordingtoLee,itwasBen'scarelessnessthataccountedfortheaccident.ButBengot_away_withhiswrongdoing.佳句时时写⑧(2024·浙江高考写作)作为一个外向的女孩，我几乎和身边的每个人都相处得很好。Asanoutgoinggirl,Inearlyget_along_well_with_everyone_around_me.3．祈使句＋and＋陈述句[教材原句]Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.[自主体验]①Follow_your_doctor's_advice,_andyouwillgetbettersoon.遵循医生的建议，你很快就会好的。②Itisreallydangerous.Onemorestep,and_the_child_will_fall_intothewell.真危急，多走一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。[归纳点拨](1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...＋主句(2)祈使句＋or/orelse/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...＋主句(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句[佳句背诵]①(增分要点句)(2024·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Don'tbetootalkative,oryoumayleaveapoorimpressiononothers.②(精彩收尾句)Givemeachance,andIwillrewardyouwithmore.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科技发展与信息技术创新”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)计算机温故浅易词汇①mouse②keyboard③screen④software⑤monitor⑥printer⑦speaker⑧file识记生疏词汇①scannern．扫描仪②hardwaren．硬件③datan．数据；资料④chipn．芯片⑤databasen．数据库⑥deletevt.删除⑦adaptern．适配器⑧breakabieadj.可破译的⑨insertvt.插入⑩devicen．装置⑪operatevt.操作⑫handyadj.便利的⑬creativeadj.创新的⑭effectiveadj.有效的⑮fingertipsn．指尖⑯positiveadj.主动的子话题(二)网络温故浅易词汇①Internet②e­mail③website④connect⑤download⑥click⑦chat⑧information⑨transform识记生疏词汇①accessn．进入；运用权②digitaladj.数字的③microblogn博客④Facebookn．脸书⑤newbien．新人；新手⑥FAQ常见问题⑦spamn．垃圾邮件⑧hackern．黑客⑨BBS电子公告板⑩Usenet新闻论坛⑪fictionaladj.虚构的⑫supervisionn．监管⑬decipherv．破译⑭passwordn．密码常用词块忆一忆①virtualnet 虚拟网②high­speedbroadbandnetwork 高速宽带互联网③withthepopularityoftheInternet 随着网络的普及④haveaccessto/beaccessibleto 能运用⑤edittext 编辑信息⑥browsewebpages 阅读网页⑦communicatewith 沟通⑧relyon 依靠⑨IT＝informationtechnology 信息技术⑩searchengine 搜寻引擎⑪distractone'sattention 分散某人的留意力⑫haveanegativeeffect 有负面影响⑬electronicbooks 电子书⑭sendtextmessages 发短信⑮tabletpersonalcomputer 平板电脑⑯portablecomputer 便携式电脑⑰chatonline 网上闲聊⑱surftheInternet 上网冲浪⑲takeadvantageof 利用⑳keepintouchwith 和……保持联系写作佳句背一背①WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manyindividualsfavouronlineshoppingbecauseitismoreconvenientandcansavetime.②Youcanshopasyoulikeastheonlineshopsareopen24hoursaday.③IamconvincedthathumanisabletousetheInternetproperlyandscientifically.二、“分步写作”表达准一点概要写作要点归纳精准化阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Ioftenhearparentssay,“Mychilddoesnottellmeanything.”Childrengothroughcertainperiods,particularlyduringtheiradolescentyears,whentheyfindnoproperreasontocommunicatewiththeirparentsexceptwhentheyhavetheirmostbasicneedsortheirmaterialdesires.Adolescence,theperiodofchildren'slifewhentheyaremostvulnerable(脆弱的)tooutsideinfluences,isarelativelyscarytimeforparents.Childrenofthisagebecomethetargetofmanynegativeinfluenceswhileatthesametimetheyareexperiencinghormonesthatareragingoutofcontrol.Butparentsshouldnotbefooledbytheirchildren'srejectionandrudeness.Infact,childrenexpecttheconstantsupport,guidance,andinfluencefromtheirparents.Icomefromafamilywhereangeralwaysliesjustbelowthesurface,waitingforanexcusetoerupt.MyparentsoftensaidthatmysistersandIcouldtellthemanything.Thoughtheypromisednottobeangryatwhateverwewouldsay,theycouldn'tdoit.Withouttheemotionalsupportfrommyparentsduringmymostvulnerableyears,Ioftenfoundmyselflosingmytempereasilyandevendoingriskybehavior.Thereisnocertainstandardaboutparenting,butIknewexactlywhatIshouldnotdoafterIbecameaparent.Iknewtheimportanceofestablishingopencommunicationandtrust,whichresultedinmyproperreactionsandmychildren'strust.Ourhomeisaquietplace,ashelterformychildren'semotionalwell­being.Mychildrencanfreelysharewithmewhathappenedintheirlives,whethergoodorbad,shockingorhumorous.Astheirmother,Irarelyraisedmyvoiceandmyreactionstotheirtellingabouttheirimproperbehaviorremainedcalm,nomatterhowIfeltinside.Parentingwasfarfromeasy.Ittookpatience,persistence,andconsistency.Everyonehopesforgoodrelationshipswiththeirchildren,andeveryonecanhavethem.Thetheoryissimple:trustisthelock—communicationisthekey.[写作步骤]第一步：归纳主旨大意主旨大意：本文是争论文。作者通过讲解并描述自己青少年时期的经验及自己做了母亲后与孩子的互动，论述了应当如何成为合格的父母。短文结构分析：全文分为四个部分。第一部分(第一段)：父母埋怨处于青春期的孩子不和自己沟通；其次部分(其次、三段)：父母不要被青春期孩子的表面做法所迷惑；第三部分(第四、五、六段)：我青少年时期的家庭成长环境以及我为人母之后的做法；第四部分(第七段)：如何成为好的父母。其次步：提炼关键词Part1：1.Ioftenhearparentssay,“Mychilddoes_not_tell_me_anything.”2．Childrengothroughcertainperiods,particularlyduringtheiradolescentyears.Part2：3.Adolescence,theperiodofchildren'slifewhentheyaremostvulnerabletooutside_influences,_isarelativelyscary_timeforparents.4．Childrenofthisagebecomethe_target_of_many_negative_influenceswhileatthesametimetheyareexperiencinghormonesthatareragingoutofcontrol.Part3：5.Iknewtheimportanceofestablishing_open_communication_and_trust,_whichresultedinmyproperreactionsandmychildren'strust.6．Mychildrencanfreelysharewithmewhat_happenedintheirlives.Part4：7.Everyonehopesforgood_relationshipswiththeirchildren,andeveryonecanhavethem.8．Thetheoryissimple:trustisthelock—communicationisthekey.第三步：合并和改写1．要点1和2合并：Manyparentsfeelpuzzledattheirchildren'sbehaviorwhentheygothroughcertainperiods,particularlyduringtheiradolescentyears.改写：Manyparentsfeelpuzzledaboutwhat_to_do_withtheiradolescentchildren.2．要点3和4合并：Adolescenceisarelativelyscarytimeforparentsbecauseitislikelythatchildrenofthisageareinfluencedbyhormonesandsomethingnegative.改写：Adolescenceisscaryforparentsbecausetheirchildrenare_likely_tobeinfluencedbyhormonesandsomethingnegative.3．要点5和6合并：Itisimportanttoestablishopencommunicationandtrust,andchildrencanfreelysharewithuswhathappenedintheirlives.改写：Tosolvetheproblem,parentsshouldknowtheirchildren'strue_thoughtsandneedsclearly.4．要点7和8合并：Thetwoimportantfactorsinbuildinggoodrelationshipswiththeirchildrenforparentsaretrustandcommunication.改写：Trust_and_communicationaretwoimportantfactorsinbuildinggoodrelationshipswiththeirchildrenforparents.第四步：核查成文核查连贯性，优先考虑运用最短连接词；核查标点和语法；核查词数。最终成文如下：Many_parents_feel_puzzled_about_what_to_do_with_their_adolescent_children._(要点1)Adolescence_is_scary_for_parents_because_their_children_are_likely_to_be_influenced_by_hormones_and_something_negative._(要点2)_In_fact,_to_solve_the_problem,_parents_should_knowtheir_children's_true_thoughts_and_needs_clearly._(要点3)_Trust_and_communication_are_twoimportant_factors_in_building_good_relationships_with_their_children_for_parents._(要点4)一、复现单元考点——增加备考信念Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1．(2024·浙江高考)Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguished(distinguish)writer.2．(2024·江苏高考)Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee­mailingeachother,forwewillhavedevelopedmoreconvenient(convenience)electroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.3．(2024·江苏高考)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations(expect),whichwasbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.4．(2014·江苏高考)Mostpositiveemotionsareassociated(associate)withapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.5．(2014·湖北高考)I'vebeentryingtophoneCharlesallevening,buttheremustbesomethingwrongwiththenetwork;Ican'tseemtogetthrough.6．(2014·四川高考)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts(product)developedaftergreateffort.Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空(选用distinguished,seize,practical,cautiously,getthrough填空)1．(2015·江苏高考完形填空)WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto__39__myowncancerexperience？get_through2．(2014·重庆高考完形填空)Alloursharedlife,Iwasthe“artist”，bringingtoourhousemuchimagination.Stevewasthe“__18__”one.Hehadarealgiftforhandlingchores(家务活),shelteringmefromunpleasantrepairjobs.practical3．(2014·山东高考完形填空)Theownerstormedover,__15__thebird,tookitintothe“blackroom”，shookitabit,pulledoutafewfeathers,andsaid,“Don'tever,eversayanythingtoembarrassmycustomersagain.Yougotthat！！！”seized4．(2012·陕西高考完形填空)Sittingonarockandwonderingwhattodo,shebegancrying.Afterawhile,shedecidedtowalkalongawidepathlinedwithtalltreesandthickbushes.Whenitwasgettingdark,shesawasmall,darkwoodenhouse.Sheopenedthedoorand__30__steppedin.cautiously5．(2010·江苏高考完形填空)Myfatherintroducedmetoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois__37__forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyounolaterthantomorrowmorning.”distinguished二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：“科普学问与现代技术”包括计算机与网络技术、最新独创、前沿科技等子话题。科学技术的发展正在影响着你我的生活，更是高考常考话题；回顾历年高考，有关该话题的选材俯拾皆是，因此对此话题应赐予足够重视。[话题感悟]学习目标eq\a\vs4\al(1)——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)(2024·北京高考)FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center[1]Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands­ontasksandlotsoffun.[2]Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal­worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.[3]Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章)．AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallove