教师公开招聘考试小学英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷1

教师公开招聘考试小学英语（阅读理

解）模拟试卷1

一、阅读理解（本题共26题，每题1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleaveihenionthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

areautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Weappreciateyourhelp!

1Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。FORGETSOMETHING?中的”Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）,justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了带梳子，给前台打电话就可以免费得到一个。故选C。

2^Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的“Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，说明不同意毛巾的循环利用。故选C。

3、WhatistheProjectPlanetProgramtryingtodo?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASECHANGETHESHEETSTODAY中的

"TheProjectPlanetProgramisinaneffortofthishoteltoprotecttheenvironmentby

savingwateranddecreasingwastewater.”可知，此项目的目的是通过节水保护环境。

故选Bo

Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnotstrong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskof

extinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.And

suchlossofplantdiversitycouldhavedevastatingimpactsonourownplantuses."

Plantsareabsolutelymomentoustohumankind,"saidKathyWillis,sciencedirectorat

theRoyalBotanicGardensatKewinLondon,wholedthenewreport."Plantsprovideus

witheverything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.Wcarcfacingsomedevastating

realitiesifwedonottakestockandre-examineourprioritiesandefforts."Thegoodnews

isthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedeclinedconsiderablysincethe1950s,

withBrazilandChinademonstratingsignificantsuccess.However,thisfirst-everreport

onthehealthofplantspeciesaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.

Thereport,calledthe"StateoftheWorld'sPlants",estimatesthattherearecurrently

390,900plantspeciesknowntoscience,notincludingalgaeormoss.Thisestimate

accountsforinstanceswherescientistshavedescribedthesamespecieswithdifferent

names.Andsome21percentofthoseplantsarcthreatenedwithextinction,accordingto

thereport.MIhepositiveiswe'restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000each

year,newplantsforfood,forfuel,fordrugs,"saidDr.Willis,"Onthenegative,we've

seenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlydrivenbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitof

climatechangeinthereaswell."Humanactivityhasasignificantimpactonplant

extinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspaceforagriculture,andtowns

andcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost.Deforestationforlandusechangeis

compoundedbytheimpactsofclimatechange,bothbyaffectingplantsthatarehighly

sensitivetochangesandthroughindirectimpacts,likechangesinpollinators.Plant

speciesextinctioncouldhavereverberatingeffects.Plantsactabitlikelungsforthe

Earth,suckingcarbondioxideoutoftheair.Plantlossmeansreductioninthiscarbon

sink.Losingthediversityofplantscouldalsobeaproblemforhumanuse,asatleast

31,128plantsarecurrentlyputtosomedocumenteduse.Notonlycouldthisaffectour

ownfoodsupplydirectly,itcouldalsoaffectthefoodweb.Ifaplant-eatinganimalloses

someofitsfoodsource,thatchangecouldbefeltupthefoodchain."Onefifthofworld's

plantsthreatenedbyextinction,sayscientists".ByEvaBotkin-Kowacki.May10,2016.

TheChristianScienceMonitor.

4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"momentous"inParagraph2probablymean?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三句"Plantsprovideuswith

everything-food,fuel,medicines,timberandtheyareincrediblyimportantforour

climateregulation.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”可知，植物为我们提供了一

切——食物，燃料，药品，木材，而且对我们的气候调节极其重要。没有植物，就

没有我们。由此可见，植物对于人类来说非常重要。crucial意为“重要的”；

available意为“可得到的”;boiiomless意为“无穷尽的，深不可测的''；replaceable意

为“可代替的故选A。

5、Howmanyplantspeciesknowntoscienceareattheriskofextinction?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句"Thereport,calledihe"Stateof

theWorld'sPlants,'estimatesthattherearccurrently390,900plantspeciesknownto

science,notincludingalgaeormoss"和最后一句"Andsome21percentofthoseplants

arethreatenedwithextinction,accordingtothereport”可知，这份名为“世界植物状

况”的报告估计，现在已知的植物有390900种，其中不包括藻类和苔薛类植物，报

告称，21%的植物面临着灭绝的危险。因此，有82089种科学上已知的植物物种面

临灭绝的危险。故选C

6、Whatcausesthelossofbiodiversityaccordingtothetext?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句和第二句"Humanactivityhasa

significantimpactonplantextinctionrisk.Ashumanschopdownforeststoclearspace

foragriculture,andtownsandcities,vaststoresofbiodiversityarelost."nJ知,人类

活动对植物灭绝风险有着重要影响。人们砍伐森林，腾出地方来发展农业，建设城

镇，于是生物多样性便大幅减少。故选C。

7、Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

标准答案：B

知识点解析:主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Thestateoftheworld'splantsisnot

strong.Onein5plantspeciesfacesriskofextinction,accordingtoareporttoutedtobe

thefirstassessmentofglobalplantlife.Andsuchlossofplantdiversitycouldhave

devastatingimpactsonourownplantuses.“可知，世界上植物的生存状况不容乐观。

据第一份评估全球植物生存状况的报告显示，每五种植物中就有一种面临着灭绝的

风险。这种植物多样性的减少可能会对我们的植物使用造成破坏性的影响。第一段

开门见山，引出全文讨论的话题。第一句直接指出存在的问题，即世界上的植物生

存状况不容乐观，引起人们的注意。第二句对前一句进行解释，援引报告观点，指

出现在植物面临着极大的灭绝风险。toutedtobethefirstassessmentofglobalplant

life一方面表明了报告的权威性，另一方面也从侧面表明之前人们对植物的关注不

够。因此，本文的写作目的是为了呼吁人们保护生物多样性。故选B。

ThemassdeathofflyinginextremeheatinNorthQueenslandlastmonthunderlinesthe

importanceofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearchtoday.TheUQresearchsheds

lightonhowvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents.AstudyledbyUQ

SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScience,researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmore

than70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesofvariousspecies."Thegrowingfrequencyand

intensityofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausing

unpredictableandimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagement

efforts,"Dr.Maxwellsaid."Someofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequite

concerning,includingmorethan100casesofdramaticpopulationdeclinesand31causes

oflocalpopulationextinctionfollowinganextremeevent.1'Populationsofcritically

endangeredbirdspeciesinHawaii,suchasthepalia,havebeenannihilateddueto

drought,leavingnoneofitskind,andpopulationsoflizardspecieshavebeenwipedout

duetocyclonesintheBahamas.Cycloneswerethemostcommonextremeeventfor

birds,fish,plantsandreptiles,whilemammalsandamphibiansweremostresponsiveto

droughtevents,withdroughtleadingto12casesofmajorpopulationdeclinein

mammals.Droughtalsoledto13casesofbreedingdeclinesinbirdpopulationsand12

casesofchangesinthecompositionofinvertebratecommunities.UQCentrefor

BiodiversityandConservationSciencedirectorProfessorJamesWatsonsaidthedetailed

informationwouldhelpinformecosystemmanagement.nTheresearchclearlyshows

specieswillrespond,oftennegatively,toextremeevents,"ProfessorWatsonsaid."As

climatechangecontinuestoensureextremeclimateandweathereventsaremoreand

morecommon,wcnowneedtoacttoensurespecieshavethebestchancetosurvive.

Whereverpossible,highqualityandintacthabitatareasshouldberetained,astheseare

theplaceswherespeciesaremostresilienttoincreasingexposuretoextremeevents."

8、Thestudyshowedthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"TheUQresearchshedslighton

howvariousspecieshaverespondedtomajorclimateevents”和第三段的第二句“Some

ofthenegativeresponseswefoundwerequiteconcenrng”可知，这项研究主要揭示各

个物种对极端气候的反应，结果显示一些负面反应令人堪忧。故选B。

9、Whichofthefollowingwillcausethedeathofsomespecies?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensity

ofextremeweathereventssuchascyclones,droughtsandfloodiscausingunpredictable

andimmediatechangestoecosystemsandblockingexistingmanagementeffbrls”可知飓

风、干早和洪水等极端天气事件的频率和强度不断增加，对生态系统造成了一些严

重的影响，以致很多物种减少甚至灭绝。选项中只有hurricane（飓风）属于极端

气候，其他选项均不属于。故选A。

10、Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲极端天气对野生动物的负面影响，A项为

“人类易受某些动植物的伤害”，文章未提及，且极端天气在某些情况下是人类活动

造成的，故排除A：根据第五段第一句"whHemammalsandamphibiansweremost

responsivetodroughtevents”可知人类和两栖动物最容易受干旱的影响，青蛙属于两

栖动物，B项正确；根据第三段第一句"Thegrowingfrequencyandintensityof

extremeweathereventssuchascyclones”可知，极端天气事件的频率和强度在不断增

加，无法推出C项的“极端天气事件在数百年前更为普遍”，排除C；根据第二段

“researcherDr.SeanMaxwellhasspentmorethan70yearsquantifyingtheresponsesof

variousspecies"可知,是Dr.SeanMaxwell做了70多年的研究，D项错误。故选

Bo

Thenexttimeyouseeanantinyourkitchen,thinktwicebeforeyoukillit.Why?

Scientistsbelievethatantscanhelpussolvesomeseriousproblems.Antsarevery

successfulanimals.TheycanbefoundineverypartoftheearthexceptforAntarctic,and

afewsmallislands.Over12,500speciesofantsexist.Theirpopulationsnumberinthe

millions.Infact,biologistssaythatifyouweighedeverylivingthingontheplanet,15to

25percentofthetotalweightwouldbemadeupbyants.Whatexplainsants'success?

Theyhaveverysmallbrainsandnoleader.Butasagroup,theyareorganized,efficient,

andexcellentatsolvingproblems.Forexample,theyarealwaysabletofindthefastest

waytogettofood.Thousandsofthemcantraveltothesameplaceatthesametime

withoutgettingintoatrafficjam(somethinghumanshavenotbeenabletofigureout

howtodo).Howcantheydothesethingswithsuchsmallbrains?Theanswerissimple.

Anyoneantdoesn'tneedtoknowmuch;itjustneedsafewsimplerules.Whenitfollows

thoserules,itbecomesonesmallpariofalargegroupbrain.Thisiscalledswarm

intelligence.Scientistsnowhopetoimitateants*organizationalpower.Computer

scientiststhinkitcanhelpincommunication.Theyareusingswarmintelligencetofind

thefastestwaytosendmessagesovertheInternet.Otherscientistsaremakingsimple

robotsthatworkinswarms,likeants.Oneday,theyhopetousetheserobotsto

investigatedangerousplaces.Theyalsothinkthatthecellsinourbodiesmightuse

swarmintelligence.Ifso,thelessonslearnedfromantsmightonedayhelpustreata

varietyofmedicalconditions.

11、WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。由第二段可知，蚂蚁数员多，种类多，C项正确；南极

洲和几个小岛上没有蚂蚁，A项错误；目前有12500多种蚂蚁，B项错误；D项中

的onequarter错误,原文是15%-25%。故选C。

12、Howdoantsbecomeorganizationallypowerful?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句"Theanswerissimple.Anyonear.t

doesn'tneedtoknowmuch；itjustneedsafewsimplerules"可知，蚂蚁们如此成功是

因为它们遵循了简单的规则。故选D。

13、Whydoscientistsstudyants?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。由原文倒数第二段可知，一些科学家希望去模仿蚂蚁的

集群智能，即swarmintelligence。最后一段也说，另外一些科学家正在制造一些集

群工作的机器人，以便可以去一些危险的地方研究。由此可知，科学家们都想要去

运用蚂蚁的集体智能。故选A。

14>Whatcanweknowaboutantsfromthetext?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Butasagroup,theyareorganized,

efficient,efficientandexcellentatsolvingproblems”可知，蚂蚁作为群体出动时是有

组织、有效率的，A项中的asindividuals错误；通过最后两段科学家对于蚂蚁集群

智能的研究以及希望将它运用到计算机、机器人以及医学中可知，蚂蚁的组织力可

以促进关于交流的研究。B项正确。C项和D项中的“treatavarietyofmedical

condilions”和“investigatedangerousplaces”在最后一段都只是希望做到的事情，而不

是已经完成的，所以C项和D项均错误。故选B。

Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialfor

healththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic

（新陈代谢）ratesandtooksamples（样品）oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwo

separatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaverage

speedthat,intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneof

theseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletely

emptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁食）.Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearich

morningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhourafter

eachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.

Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,

themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhad

skippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduring

walksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,they

burnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfast

thanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthe

mostsignificant,theresearchersfound,multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingon

whethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins

（蛋白质）thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin（胰岛素）levelsthroughout

thebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuch

moreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,it

maybewisetoskipeatingfirst.

15^Theunderlinedexpression"stomachit"inParagraphImostprobably

means.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据卜,文“workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemore

beneficialforhealththaneatingfirst”可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康

更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项

“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。

16、Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Theyfirstfound10overweightand

inactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.“可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的、不活跃但

健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数

人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。

17、Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句"Asaresult,theyburnedmorefat

duringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories（卡路里），onaverage,duringtheworkoutafter

breakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们先吃东

西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面，平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里

略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。

18、Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthatto

gainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.“可

知，这些结果暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。

因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。

Forhalfacentury,languageexpertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmost

lexicogiaphersandacademiclinguistsononeside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditors

ontheother.Shouldlanguageexpertsaimtodescribethestateofthelanguage

accurately?Orshouldtheyprescribehowthelanguageshouldbeused?Overthedecades,

thetwosideshavetradedinsults;prcscribcrsarcauthoritariansindenialaboutthereal

worldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards.Twoauthorsinthepasttwo

yearshavemadeitclearthatitistimetomoveon.StevenPinkerisadescriber,alinguist

andcognitivescientist.Butin2014hepublished"TheSenseofStyle",aguidetogood

writingthatendedwithasectionofpreions;dothis,notthat.Theyweregroundedin

deion,notdogma-butpreionstheywerenonetheless.Nowcometwonewbooksby

BryanGarner,aproudpreivistwhoreachesthesamepointfromtheoppositedirection.

Theyrelynotonmereclippings,butonbigdata;millionsofbooksscannedbyGoogle.

ThisletsMr.Garnercompare"hepleadedguilty"withtheupstart"hepledguilty"."Pled"

isgainingground,but"pleaded"isstillthreetimesascommoninbooks.Onthisbasis,

Mr.Garnerprescribes;stickwith"pleaded".ButheallowedGoogle'sdatatochangehis

mind,too,"runthegantlet",howevertraditional,haslongbeenoutnumberedby

examplesof"runthegaunllet",sohehasacceptedthenewerusage.Theconflictbetween

deionandpreionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter.Mr.PinkerisafineEnglishstylist;

itisnosurprisethathehasopinionsonwhethersomewordsandformationsarebetter

thanothers.AndMr.Garnerisadeeplyreadman(andalawyer),soitshouldcomeasno

surprisethathemarshalsevidence.Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

standard-bearers.Manycluelessprcscribcrsreallydidpushdudrules;thebanonsplit

infinitives,thebanonendingsentenceswithprepositions,thenotionthat"since"cannot

mean''because"andsoinanymore.Inthepushbackagainstahistoryofprejudices,

preionrepresentedauthorityandtradition,anddeionrepresenteddemocracyand

progress.Butsensiblewritersonbothsideshavecometoagree,howevertacitly,that

thereisavariety,calledstandardEnglish,withrulesthatcanbefoundbylookingatlarge

volumesofthestuff.Thebestprcscribcrsarcbecomingevermoreinformed,andthe

describersmorecomfortablewiththeideaofgivingpeople"right"and"wrong"

judgmentsonstandardEnglish.Intheend,thetestofagoodpunditisonewhowill

declarethemethodsandevidencethatwentintoajudgmentcall.Onthat,thebestdeivists

andpreivistsshouldbereadytosignanarmisticeinthelongandbloodyusagewars.

19、Wlialdues11leunderlinedwurd"icxiuogiaphcr"(Line1,Para.1)nioslprobably

mean?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句"Forhalfacentury,language

expertshavefallenintotwocamps,withmostlexicographersandacademiclinguistson

oneside,andtraditionalistwritersandeditorsontheother”可知lexicographers应和

traditionalistwritersandeditors相对：根据“lexico''匕知词意应该与"dictionary”有

关。故选B。

20Whichofthefollowingstatementscomesfromadescriber?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章首段最后一句"prescribersareauthoritariansin

denialabouttherealworldanddescribersarepermissivistswithnostandards''可矢口描写

主义者是亳无标准的放纵主义者；plead的过去式有“pleaded”和“pled”两种，但英式

更常用的是“pleaded”，而描写主义者不会太在意，故只有C项符合描写主义者的

做法。故选C。

21、ItisindicatedinPara.4thattheconflict.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句"Theconflictbetweendeionand

preionshouldneverhavebecomesobitter"可知描写和规定之间的冲突不应该如此激

烈；根据第四段倒数第二句"Butbothcampswereill-servedbylessthoughtful

slandard-bearers”nj知两方阵营都被某些莽撞的教条主义者拖累了。很多愚蠢的规

定主义者确实推行过毫无用处的规定。故选D。

22>Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文，开头段提出两大阵营之间的争端由来已久，

中间介绍了矛盾被一些激进者提出的一些欠考虑的标准限制了两派的观点，最后提

出建议双方应该相互补充、共同合作以达成最好效果。故选C。

Thebusinessworldisoftendepictedasagladiatorialcontestwhereonlytheselfish

survive.Ifthat'swhatyouthink,thenWhartonprofessorAdamGrant'sGiveandTakeis

thenextbookforyou.ItissubtitledARevolutionaryApproachtoSuccess,whichmight

seemlikepublishinghype,butthemessageofGrant'sbookisindeedrevolutionarywhen

seenagainstthebackgroundofaworldviewthatiscommoninthebusinessworld.Think

ofthepeopleyouworkwith.Somearcprobablytotalsweeties,whileothersareonlyout

forthemselves.Whysuchindividualdifferences?Whyisn'teveryoneniceornastytoan

equaldegree?Thisisanevolutionaryquestion.Ifwethinkofnicenessandnastinessas

alternativesocialstrategiesthatcompeteagainsteachother,itturnsoutthateitherone

canwindependinguponthecircumstances.Peoplewhoemploynicestrategiessucceed

bybandingtogethertosharetheirbenefitandavoidingpeoplewhoemploynasty

strategies.It'sthatsimple.Manypeopleimplicitlythinkthatnicenessisavirtueforthe

restoflife,butwhenitcomestoplayingbusinesshardball,onlytheselfishsurvive.The

messageofGrant'sbookGiveandTakeisthatthisisn'ttrue.Grantdividespeopleinto

threebehavioralcategories;givers,matchers,andtaken;.Astheirnamesimply,giversare

sweetieswhounstintinglysharetheirtimeandtalent,seeminglyforthesheerpleasureof

it.Matcherscalibratetheirgivingtotheirtaking,andtakerstakewhatevertheycanget.

Whodoesbestplayingbusinesshardball?Itturnsoutthatthegiversdobestandworst.

Whentheysuccumbtothedepredationsoftakers,theybecomedoormatsandchumps.

Butwhentheymanagetoworkwithothergivers,theyproducespectacularwealthand

sharethecollectivebenefits.Ideologyisalensthatcolorswhatwcsee.Theideologythat

makesAynRandsuchanenduringinfluenceportraysselfishnessasavirtueandmakes

givinglooklikeaweakness.InRand'sepicnovelAtlasShrugged,theword"give"is

evenbannedfromthevocabularyofJohnGait'sUtopiancommunity.Thisworldviewis

partoftheairthatisbreathedinbusinessenvironments.GrantsaidthatWhartonstudents

areconstantlycomingintohisofficeexpressingadesiretogive,whichtheyassumemust

besuppressedintheirbusinesslivesuntiltheymakeafortune.Onlythencanthey

expresstheirdesiretogivebybecomingphilanthropists.Wcneedtoexchangelensesto

seethatgivingcansucceedasabusinessstrategyfromdayone,aslongasgiverscan

keeptheirdistancefromtakers.Businessesflourishwhentheycreatesocialenvironments

thatallownicenesstogeneratevalue,therebywinningrheDarwiniancontest.

23、BycitingthebookGiveandTake,theauthorintendsto.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知，商业世界通常被描述

为一场角斗，只有自私的人才能生存。如果你也是这么想的（跟大众一样的想

法），那么你可以看下GireandTake这本书，说明这本书有其独特之处，再根据

第一段最后一句中的revolutionary可知，这本书中的观点是革命性的，和C项中

的new相对应。故选C,

24>Grantdividespeopleintothreecategoriesto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析♦：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第二句可知，许多人认为友善是一

种终生的美德，但当涉及到商业竞争时，只有自私的人才能生存。格兰特在书中所

传达的信息是，这不是事实。接着进行了一项研究，所以研究的目的是想证明友善

也能促进成功。故选人

25、Paragraph4showsthatWhartonstudentstendto.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，给予是一种弱点，甚至在小说中，给

予这个词是禁词，根据Thisworldviewispartoftheairthatisbreathedinbusiness

environments可知，这种世界观是商业环境中不可或缺的一部分（共识）。Grant

说沃顿商学院的学生们不断地走进他的办公室，表达出一种给予的欲望，他们认为

在他们发财之前，这种欲望必须在他们的商业生活中受到压制。也就是说这些学生

认为成功之前不能给予，成功给予可以通过慈善给予，但根据第五段第一句可知，

作者认为我们必须换一种思维，给予是一种促进成功的策略，也就是说给予促进成

功，而不是成功之后再给予，所以说这些学生弄错了成功和给予的关系。故选C。

26、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsGrant'sbookisoneof.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为我们需要换个角度

来看，只要给予者能够与接受者保持距离，给予就可以作为一种商业策略从第一天

起就取得成功。而这和Grant书中的观点不谋而合，所以作者对Grant的书应该持

支持欣赏的态度。故选A。

一、阅读理解（本题共26题，每题1.0分，共26分。）

OURPROMISEMakingyourstayacompletesuccessisourgoal.Justletourmanager

ondutyoffront-deskstaffknowifanypartofyourstayisn'tsatisfactory.Wepromiseto

makeitrightoryouwon'tpayforthatpartofyourstay.FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyou

forgettopackanystandardtoiletryitem（toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb）Justcallthefrontdeskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacement（替代）rightaway.

PLEASEREUSETHETOWELSWeinviteyoutojoinwithustosavewaterbyusing

yourtowels（毛巾）morethanonce.Inadditiontodecreasingwaterandenergywaste,

youcanhelpusreducetheamountofwastewaterthatmustberecycledwithinour

community.Pleasehangthetowelsupifyouwishtoparticipateintheprogram—ifnot,

simplyleavethemonthefloor.Weappreciateyourhelp!PLEASECHANGETHE

SHEETSTODAYTheProjectPlanetProgramisaneffortofthishoteltoprotectthe

environmentthroughsavingwateranddecreasingwastewater.Ifyouarestayingwithus

morethanonenight,aspartoftheProjectPlanetProgram,wewillwashyoursheets

everythreedays.Ifyouwouldprefernottoparticipateinthisprogram,simplyhangthis

cardontheoutsideofyourdoorandsheetswillbechangedrightaway.Asalwayssheets

arcautomaticallychangedaftereveryguestchecksout.Wcappreciateyourhelp!

27>Ifyouforgetyourcomb,youcan.

buyoneinthehotelshop

replaceonewithatoothbrush

C、askforonefromtheservicecenter

D^goinpersonandgetoneatthefrontdesk

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据FORGETSOMETHING?Ifyouforgettopack

anystandardtoiletryitem(toothbrush,toothpaste,shavingcream,razoror

comb),justcallthefront-deskandwe'llgetyouafreereplacementrightaway.“可

知，如果忘了带梳子，给前台打电话就可以免费得到一个。故选C。

28、Leavingthetowelsonthefloormeans.

A、youwanttoparticipateintheprogram

B、youwanttheroom-maidtohangitup

C>youneedthemcollectedandwashed

D、youwanttousethemmorethanonce

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节理解题。根据PLEASEREUSETHETOWELS中的"Pleasehang

thetowelsupifyouwishtojoinintheprogram-ifnot,simplyleavethemonthefloor."

可知，如果把毛巾放在地上，说明不同意毛巾的循环利用。故选C。

29、WhalisthePrujeulPlanetProgramtryin