上海市民办文绮中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题（原卷版）

闵行(文绮)中学2022学年第二学期高三年级6月5日英语练习考试时间：120分钟满分：150分I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(每题1分，共10分)Directions:InSectionA.youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit.readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Nearanartmuseum.B.Atascienceexhibit.C.Atanewsconference.D.Nearapaintstore.2.A.He’llkeepthemforthewoman.B.He’llhelpthewomanmovethem.C.Hecancarrythemwithonehand.D.Hehasafewmoreofthemforthewoman.3.A.Hedocsliketelevision.B.Hespendstoomuchmoney.C.Heboughtanexpensivewatch.D.Heshouldwatchmoretelevision.4.A.BookingaflighttoSpain.B.Payingforprivatelessons.C.GivingSpanishteststostudents.D.Studyinghardfortwodays.5.A.Itwasnotverygood.B.Itwillcontinuethefollowingweek.C.Thewomanprobablywon’tattendit.D.Therewillbetwolecturesinsteadoffour.6.A.ShethinksJudyshouldnothavetakenaputercourse.B.She’ssurprisedJudyisworkinginmanagement.C.Shedoesn’tunderstandhowJudygotherjob.D.ShewondershowJudydocssomanythings.7.A.Getoutofthecar.B.Paytheparkingfine.C.Takehiscoatoff.D.Makearightturn.8.A.It’shardtoknowwhattobelieveaboutit.B.Hedoesn’tbelieveit’shardforeverybody.C.It’sevenharderthanpeoplesay.D.It’snotashardashe’dthought.9.A.Theyweresoldout.B.Theyhadn’tbeenprinted.C.Theyhadalreadybeenpickedup.D.Theyweren’tsupposedtobesold.10.A.GiveMarshaacheckforthebookshelfshesoldhim.B.AskMarshawhereshewantstoputthebookshelf.C.CheekforthebookonMarsha’sshelf.D.AskMarshaifshehasanextrabookshelf.SectionB(每题2分，共20分)Directions:InSectionB.youwillhearseveralshortpassagesandalongerconversationandyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandconversation.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,hutthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Toreportthelatestadvancesinbrainsurgery.B.Tomakeremendationsonsensibledieting.C.Toadviseonwaysofdealingwithsleepdifficulties.D.Torelateanexperimentbiningsleepandexercise.12.A.Yourheartrateislowered.B.Itbeeshardertorelax.C.Youbeetootiredtosleep.D.Sleeprhythmsareupset.13.A.Makingupforthelossofsleepatweekends.B.Doingsomeexerciseintheevening.C.Takingsleepingpillsinmoderation.D.Eatingcheesebeforegoingtobed.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itallowedworkerstospendmoretimeathome.B.Itgaveworkersopportunityforbettertraining.C.Itletworkerslivefarfromtheirjobs.D.Iteliminatedmanyfactoryjobs.15.A.Difficultyintransportingmerchandise.B.Adeclineinthenumberofcustomers.C.Thelackofaqualifiedsalesforce.D.Increasedpropertycosts.16.A.Jobopportunitiesarebetterthere.B.Pricesarelowerindowntownstores.CTransportationhasbeeunpleasant.D.Propertyismorevaluableinthecities.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Typesofseaanimals.B.Anewsourceofprotein.C.Howbarnaclesevolvefortheirsurvival.D.Howbarnaclesstickthemselvestorocks.18.A.Theycatprotein.B.Theynevermoveabout.C.Theycauserockstodecay.D.Theywillnotbeusefultopeople.19.A.Thelocationofcertainoceanrocks.B.Thepositionofthebarnacle’sglue.C.Theeffectofwaterpollutiononbarnacles.D.Themedicalvalueofsomesyntheticproducts.20.A.Nutrition.B.Ecology.C.Medicine.D.Geology.Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(每题1分，共15分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ANewWaytoLearnLanguagesNowadays,theInternetischangingthewaypeoplelearnlanguages.Thereisstillnowaytoavoidthehardworkthroughvocabularylistsandgrammarrules,butsincethebirthoftheInternet,books,tapesandevenCDs___1___(replace)byemail,videochatandsocialnetworks.Livemocha,aSeattlebasedpany,hascreatedawebsitehelpingpeoplelearnmorethan38languagesbyexchangingmessagesovertheInternetandthen___2___(correct)eachother’smessages.Thelessons,___3___formtheyarein,aredeliveredonline.TheCEOofLivemochasaysthewebsite’sadvantageisthecontext___4___youmaypracticespeakingwitharealperson.“Thegreatironyisthatevenifyouhavelearnedaforeignlanguageintheclassroomforyears,youarenotconfident___5___(go)intoarestaurant,strikingupaconversation,”hesaid.Thecasualconnectionswithrealpeoplethroughouttheworldarenotjustfunandsurprisingbutrevealmoreabout___6___thelanguageisreallyused.Livemochaisnowexperimentingwithmanywaysthatresemblethegames___7___(find)onothersocialwebsitestomotivatepeople.Besides,eachpersoncansetupaprofile___8___includesashortselfdescriptionandwhatlanguageheorshewouldliketolearn.Therefore,ifyouwanttolearnonelanguage,youwilleasilyfindmanypeoplefluentinthislanguage.Anditbees___9___(challenging)tofindastudypartner.Anemailortwoisallittakes.TherearemoreandmorepanieslikeLivemochaofferingonlinelanguagelearningtostudentsthroughouttheworld.____10____merelyhelpingpeoplepracticedifferentlanguages,theyalsoenablepeopletoshareinterestsandmakenewfriendsSectionB(每题1分，共10分)Direction:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.addressingB.adoptionC.attendD.budgetingE.cautionsF.correspondG.extendedH.hesitancyI.packagesJ.regardlessK.rigidTopworklifebalancebenefitsfor2023“Flexibilityisthegoldstandardofworklifebalancebenefits,”saysJonathanPas,healthcareleaderatconsultingfirmMercer.It’snosurprisethenthattwoyearsafterthepandemicforcedmostofficeworkerstoperformtheirjobsremotely.78%ofemployerssaythey’llallowemployeestocontinuedoingsoregularlyin2023,accordingtoaMercersurvey.Butthere’sstillsome____11____:only9%saytheywillallowemployeestoworkremotelydaily.____12____,flexibilityaroundwhenemployeesworkisjustasimportantaswhere.Inthesurvey,66%ofemployerssaidtheywouldofferflexibleworkschedulesoverthecourseofatypicalworkday,suchasspecifictimesduringtheweekto____13____topersonalmattersandfourdayworkweeks.Employeesnolongerwanttoorganizetheirpersonallifearounda(n)____14____workschedulebutinsteadwantthetwointerwoven,sotheycandecidewhattoprioritizeandwhen.Pas____15____againstmakinghollowpromisesaboutapany’smitmenttoworklifebalance.“Ifemployeesfeeladisconnectionbetweenprogramsthatarerolledoutandwhatseniorleadersreallyexpect,credibilityisquestioned,andthegoodwillcreatedthroughtheprogramisdenied.”Hecitespaidtimeofftovolunteer,whichalmosthalf(45%)ofpaniessaytheywilladdtotheirbenefits____16____nextyear.Otherbenefitsrequiringabroaderorganizationalbuyinaresabbaticals(公休假)andunlimitedvacationdays.Bothbenefitsencourageemployeestopursueinterestsoutsideofworkwith____17____periodsoff.Still,iftheyfeeladishonourassociatedwithtakingadvantageofthem,they’llbehesitanttodoso.Therelativelylow____18____ratesfor2023,though—only12%forsabbaticalsand15%forunlimitedvacation—indicatethatemployersarestillagainstpayingemployeesnottowork.Instead,theyprefertofindnewwaystogiveemployeesmoremoney,withtheriseofemployerfundedlifestyleaccounts,whichareoftenreservedforbigticketitemsthatmightotherwiserequiresome____19____.Nevertheless,only12%ofemployerssaidtheywouldaddlifestyleaccountsin2023,and70%saidtheyareconsideringthem,whichcouldindicateatrendonthehorizon.Butperhapsthemosttellingstatisticabouttheimportanceof_____20_____worklifebalanceisthenumberofpaniesthatsaidtheydon’tplantoofferanyadditionalbenefitstosupportworklifebalance:amere5%.Ⅲ.ReadingprehensionSectionA(每题1分，共15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theteenageyearsofanindividualismarkedbyevaluatingone’svalues,experiencingashiftinoutlooks,andatendencytoactrebellious.Itcanalsobeatimewhensomeonebeesextremely___21___tonegativeinfluences,andisdrawntowardsdangeroussituations.Ontheotherhand,forparents,theperiodoftheirchildren’sadolescencemeansregularlyworryingabouttheirsafetyandformationasacitizen.Thus,amethodof___22___teenagers’securityisneeded,andcurfews(宵禁)areoftenseenassuchameasure,sincetheyhaveprovedtheir___23___.Atthesametime,certainpeculiaritiesexistaboutestablishingcurfewsforchildren.TheissueofteenagecurfewsiswidelydebatedintheUnitedStates,wherethismethodisstillrather___24___,andinEuropeandemocracies,wherethismeasureisyetnotsowidelyused.Thefirstandforemostreasonforestablishingcurfewsischildren’ssecurity.___25___curfewsrequireteenagersunder17yearstostayoutofstreetsstartingfrom11p.m.ormidnight.Thisisbelievedtoprotectthemfromcrimesmittedafternightfall,aswellasfrombreakingthelaw,andthereexistsseriousevidence___26___thisbelief.Forexample,whenNewOrleansenabledadusktilldawncurfewin1994,theratesofjuvenilecrimewerereportedtofallmorethan20percent.Evenmoreimpressive___27___wererecordedinDallas,whichreporteda30percentdecreaseinviolentjuvenilecrime,anda21percentdecreaseintheoverallratesofcrimesmittedbyyoungpeople(TheNewYorkTimes).Ontheotherhand,curfewscanbeseenasapreventivemeasurethatrobyoungpeopleoftheirrights,___28___theirfreedom.ThisopinionisparticularlysupportedbythefactthatcurfewviolationsandtherespectivechargesareamongthemostoftenmittedjuvenilecrimesintheUnitedStates.___29___,therewerereportsclaimingthatpolicearrestedmorenonwhiteteenagersforcurfewviolations.Allthiscancauseateenagertobelievetheyhavecrossedapsychologicallinedividingthemas___30___;thus,suchteenagersmaystarttoseethemselvesasoutlaws,whichcan___31___mittingmoreseriouscrimesthanacurfewoffense.Whatisimportantforaparenttorememberwhenestablishingacurfewfortheirchildrenisthatateenager’smisjudgedviewofcertain___32___maycausethemtomisbehaveinsomeotherway;thisisprovedbyresearchconductedbytheUniversityofMinnesota,accordingtowhichteenstendtoprotestagainstwhattheyseeas___33___.Consideringthis,parentsshould___34___theauthoritarianstyleofestablishingcurfews;instead,theyshouldhaveaconversationwiththeirteenagerthatwouldbeaimedatfindingidealconditionsforacurfewthatwould___35___bothsides.21A.opposed B.subjected C.related D.restricted22.A.improving B.restoring C.ensuring D.expanding23.A.principle B.reference C.approach D.efficiency24.A.popular B.absent C.practical D.accessible25.A.Typical B.Evident C.Critical D.Specific26.A.inplaceof B.inhonorof C.incaseof D.infavorof27.A.results B.events C.patterns D.links28A.protecting B.acknowledging C.limiting D.liberating29.A.Bycontrast B.Inaddition C.Inconclusion D.Ingeneral30.A.winners B.criminals C.victims D.protectors31.A.takechargeof B.contributeto C.resultfrom D.dealwith32.A.rules B.charges C.crimes D.relations33.A.impolite B.unrealistic C.inadequate D.unfair34.A.adopt B.allow C.avoid D.address35.A.satisfy B.spare C.surround D.settleSectionB(每题2分，共22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Asaboy,whenJonnyKinkeadwasn’tmakingthingsusingthetoolsinhisdad’sgarage,hewasmessingaboutwithaguitar.Andthetwopreoccupationshavebeenhislivingforthepastfourdecades:buildingsteelstringguitarsbyhand.“Theguitarstillappealstome,”hesays.“Makingasoundoutofwood—it’samazingwhatyoucando.”Jonnylearnedtoplayhisbrother’sguitarwhenhewaseleven.Then,whenhewassixteen,hewantedtolearnthebassguitar.“Somepeoplewouldhavegotaholidayjobandsavedupandboughtone,”hesays.“ButIwasofamindsetthatifyouwantedsomething,youmadeit.”AlthoughthebasswasthefirstinstrumentJonnybuiltfromnothing,heandhisbrothershadlongbeendoingessentiallythesamethingwithotheritems.“Imademodelboatsandaeroplanesasachild,soIwasfamiliarwiththatprocess.Myfatherhadtaughtmeandmybrothershowtousetools,andwehadfreematerialsinthegarage.”Jonnyhadalsobeencustomizingandrepairinginstrumentsforhismates.Jonny’sbassguitarturnedoutwell,buttheideaofacareerbuildingguitarshadyettocrosshismind.“Myambitionthenwastobeasculptor,”hesays.Hisinterestsevolvedfurtherandonfinishingschool,hechosetostudyarchitectureatuniversity.Halfwaythroughthecourse,however,hedroppedout,butleftwithaclearerideaofwhathewantedtodoandstartedtothinkseriouslyaboutguitarmaking.“IwasstillinterestedinpaintingandsculpturebutIrealizedthatwhenyouarebuildingguitars,you’reactuallysculptingsound.”Inaddition,heexplains,“Ithoughtthismightbemorereliablethanbeinganartistasit’scraftbased.”Eversincethen,Jonnyhasmadeguitarsforaliving.Forthefirsttenyears,headdedtohisinebycleaningwindowsparttime.Thefirstguitarshesoldonlywentforthecostofthematerials,butashedevelopedareputationasoneofthebestguitarmakersaround,hewasabletochargealittlemore.Butevennow,almostfortyyearslater,Jonnydescribeswhathedoesas“stillscratchingaliving”.Headmitshecanneveractuallyturnoutmorethantenguitarsayear,whichinevitablyrestrictshisearnings.36.WhydidJonnychoosetomakeabassguitarforhimselfinhisteens?A.Heregardeditasthenaturalthingtodo.B.Hefearedthathewouldnotbeabletoaffordone.C.Hesawitasgoodpracticeformakingotherguitars.D.Hethoughthecouldensureitwasinthestylehewanted.37.Inparagraph3,“thatprocess”refersto_____.Adoingsomefavoursforfriends B.cooperatingwithhisbrothersC.creatingsomethingfromnothing D.gettingtoolsandmaterialsready38.WhatdoesJonnysayaboutthearchitecturecourseheattended?A.Itgavehimthechancetoexploredifferenttypesofart.B.Ithelpedhimbeefinanciallyindependent.C.Itprovidedhimwithideasforguitardesign.D.Itenabledhimtodecideonacareerpath.39.Jonnysuggeststhatthemainreasonforhislowineis_____.A.thehighcostofthematerialshemakesguitarswithB.thesmallnumberofguitarsthatheproducesC.thelimiteddemandforhandmadeguitarsD.thepetitionbetweenguitarmakers(B)EightstepstorefocusyouranxietyThinkingofissuesthatseemunfixablecanleadtoananxiousparalysis,butthere’shope.ThisissomeoftheadviceIgivetothoseinneedofhelp.Takeabreakfromthenews.

Doomscrollingcanbeaddictiveandincreasethetragicnatureofevents.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatthosewhowereimmersedintheBostonMarathonbombingnewsformultiplehoursadayintheweekaftertheeventexperiencedhigherstressthanindividualswhowereonthescene.Iadvisethosewhoarefeelingdepressedbytheheadlinestoreadthenewsjustonceaday,turnoffalertsontheirphoneand,ifpossible,checksocialmedialessoften.Takecareofyourself.

Youhavetobeingoodfightingshapetocopewiththecurrentproblems.Thatmeansboostingyourresilience(韧性)bytakingcareofyournervoussystem(sleepwell,eatwell,exercisewisely)andengaginginpositiveactivities.Focusonthepresent.

Getinthehabitofputtingyourselfinthehereandnow.Worryingaboutthefutureisnothelpful.Tryabreathingexercise.

Takingafewdeepbreaths—forinstance,breathinginintothecountoffiveandbreathingouttothecountoffive—willhelpcalmyoursympatheticnervoussystem(thefightorflightresponse)andloweryouranxiety.Attheveryleast,breathinggivesyousomethingtodowhenyourfeelyourheartratepoundingquickly.Thinkaboutyourvictories.

Remindyourselfofwhat’sworkingwellinyourownlife—whetherit’syourjob,friendships,orthearrayofhouseplantsyoucultivatedduringthepandemic.Beyourowntherapist.

Askyourself,whatdoIspecificallyfeelhopelessaboutandwhy?Beingabletoputintowordswhat’sgettingyoudowncanhelpyoufeellessfloodedbyemotionsandbetterabletoprocesstheinformationrationally(理性地).Takeaction.

Worryingdoesn’thelpone’smentalhealth,buttakingactiondoes.Lookaroundyourmunity.Maybeyourlocalplaygroundwouldbenefitfromabasketballcourt,oryourchurchcouldsponsorarefugeefamily.Whenpeopleengageinlocalissues,theyhavearenewedsenseofoptimism.Joinforceswithafriend.

Pickacause.Therearehundredsofnonprofitsdedicatedtoaddressingsomeofthemostbiggestchallengesontheplanet.Donatemoneytoaninspiringorganizationorvolunteer.40.What’sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletohelpthoseinneed.B.Tohelpthoseinneedofhelprelieveanxiety.C.Tourgepeopletotakeactiontohelpthemselves.D.Tocheerreadersupandboostafeelingofoptimism.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartofthesentencemean?A.“stoppingmovingandstayingwhereyouare”B.“focusingonthepresentmoment”C.“placingyourselfinafavorableenvironment”D.“forgettingaboutthelossesandgains”42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisinlinewiththeauthor’sadvice?A.Onlychecksocialmediaonceaday.B.Involveoneselfinactivitiesthatboostone’snervoussystem.C.Thinkofthepastvictories.D.Engageinlocalissuesandmakecontributions.(C)Backin1964,inhisbookGamesPeoplePlay,psychiatristEricBernedescribedapatternofconversationhecalled“WhyDon’tYou—YesBut”,whichremainsoneofthemostannoyingaspectsofeverydaysociallife.Thepersonadoptingthestrategyisusuallyachronicplainer.Somethingisterribleabouttheirrelationship,job,orothersituation,andtheyplainaboutitendlessly,butfindsomeexcusetodismissanysolutionthat’sproposed.Thereason,ofcourse,isthatonsomeleveltheydon’twantasolution;theywanttobevalidated(认可)intheirpositionthattheworldisouttogetthem.Iftheycan“win”thegame—dismissingeverysuggestionuntilinterlocutor(对话者)givesupinannoyance—theygettofeelpleasurablyrighteous(正当的)intheirangerandexcusedfromanyobligationtochange.Partofthetroublehereisthesocalledresponsibility/faultfallacy(谬误).Whenyou’refeelingharddoneby—takenforgrantedbyyourpartner,say,orobligedtoworkforastupidboss—it’seasytobeeattachedtothepositionthatit’snotyourjobtoaddressthematter,andthatdoingsowouldbeanadmissionoffault.Butthere’saconfusionhere.Forexample,ifIweretodiscoveranewbornatmyfrontdoor,itwouldn’tbemyfault,butitmostcertainlywouldbemyresponsibility.Therewouldbechoicestomake,andnopossibilityofavoidingthem,sincetryingtoignorethematterwouldbeachoice.Thepointisthatwhatgoesforthebabyonthedoorstepistrueinallcases:eveniftheotherpersonis100%inthewrong,there’snothingtobegained,longterm,fromusingthisasajustificationtoevaderesponsibility.Shouldyoufindyourselfonthereceivingendofthiskindofplaining,there’sacleverwaytoshutitdown—whichistoagreewithit.PsychotherapistLoriGottliebdescribesthisas“overvalidation”.Foronething,you’llbesparedfurtherplaining,sincetheotherperson’smotivationwastoconfirmherbeliefs,andnowyou’reconfirmingthem.Butforanother,asGottliebnotes,peopleconfrontedwithovervalidationoftenheartheirplaintsafreshandstartarguingback.Theconceptthatthey’reutterlypowerlesssuddenlyseemsunrealistic,nottomentionratherannoying—sothey’repromptedinsteadtogenerateideasabouthowtheymightchangethings.“Andthen,sometimes,somethingmagicalmighthappen,”Gotliebwrites.Theotherperson“mightrealizeshe’snotastrappedasyouaresayingsheis,orasshefeels.”Avoidingresponsibilityfeelsfortable,butturnsouttobeaprison;whereasassumingresponsibilityfeelsunpleasant,butendsupbeingfreeing.43.Whatisthecharacteristicofachronicplainer,accordingtoEricBerne?A.Theyareangryabouttheirilltreatmentandfeelbittertowardswhoevertriestohelp.B.Theyarehabituallyunhappyandendlesslyfindfaultwithpeoplearoundthem.C.Theyconstantlydismissothers’proposalswhiletakingnoresponsibilityfordealingwiththeproblem.D.Theylackthebasicskillsrequiredforsuccessfulconversationswithothers.44.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratewiththeexampleofthenewbornonone’sdoorstep?A.Peopletendtothinkthatoneshouldnotbeheldresponsibleforothers’mistakes.B.Itiseasytobeeattachedtothepositionofoverlookingone’sownfault.CPeopleareoftenatalosswhenconfrontedwithanumberofchoices.D.Adistinctionshouldbedrawnbetweenresponsibilityandfault.45.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodotochronicplainers?A.Stopthemfromgoingfurtherbyagreeingwiththem.B.Listentotheirplaintsattentivelyandsympathetically.C.Askthemtovalidatetheirbeliefswithfurtherevidence.D.Persuadethemtoclarifytheconfusiontheycaused.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Whatistheresponsibility/faultfallacyforchronicplainers?B.Howcanyouavoiddangeroustrapsineverydaysociallife?C.Whoarechronicplainersandhowtodealwiththem?D.Whyshouldwestopbeingachronicplainerandassumeresponsibility?SectionC(每题2分，共8分)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.NotethattherearetwomoresentencesthanneededLessonsfrommencementSpeechesAsabusinessowner,youprobablydon’tlooktocollegemencementspeechesasasourceofinspirationwhenyou’refeelingfrustratedordefeated—butyoushould.Herearethreeuniversitymencementspeechesdeliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyoffields.___47___.1.Getfortablewithchange/JimmyIovine,USC,2014Musicmogul(大亨)JimmyIovine’smainadviceistogetfortablewithchangeandthefearthateswithit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessfulrecordpany,hebuiltcouldn’tpetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehadachoice:getonboardorgetleftbehind.___48___.2.Buildbusinessesthatdogood/BillGates,HarvardUniversity,2007BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,usesthisspeechtoposeaquestionheaskshimself:Howcanyoudothemostgoodforthegreatestamountofpeoplewiththeresourcesyouhave?Foryears,Gateswasunawareofthemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldlivinginpovertyandbattlingdiseases.Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationandadvancementisimportant.___49___GatestellsHarvard,“Humanity’sgreatestadvancesarenotinitsdiscoveries—butinhowthosediscoveriesareappliedtoreduceinequity.”.3.Spendlesstimedreamingandmoretimedoing/ShondaRhimes,Dartmouth,2014Ifyoufeelbeatenbythedreamsyouhaveforyourbusiness,thisspeechwillsetyoustraight.AuthorandTVshowproducerShondaRhimestellstheDartmouthgraduates,“Whilesomearebusydreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereallyinteresting,engaged,powerfulpeople,arebusydoing.”___50___Youdon’tevenneedtoknowexactlywhatyouwanttodo.Rhimessaysthemostimportantthingistostayopentopossibilitiesandjuststartsomewhere.A.Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou’rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodelorimagininghowtogrowyourpany.B.Failurecanbeadrivingforce:onethatfreesyoufromfearandencouragesyoutopursuewhatyouwantmost.C.Intoday’sfastmovingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandculturalshiftsstillneedstobepreparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.D.It’smoreimportanttodevelopcreativebusinessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems.E.Theonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.F.Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.IV.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WearingHelmetSomekidsridethroughcitybicyclelaneslikeaprofessional,andotherssetoutalonedownquietcountrylanes.However,everyday,anaverageofmorethan500childrenwithbikeU.S.tedinjuriesaretreatedinU.S.emergencydepartments,accordingtoan

analysisofinjurydatafrom2006to2015.Thosewearinghelmetsweresignificantlylesslikelytohaveheada