利用食品深加工技术分离制备罗汉果甜苷Mogrosidesw

利用食品深加工技术分离制备罗汉果甜苷Mogrosideswereisolatedandpreparedbyfooddeepprocessingtechnology2.设备与用具准备新鲜成熟的罗汉果（或冷冻保存的罗汉果）、饮用水、纯化水。1.原料与试剂准备逆流提取机组或提取罐、离心机、超滤膜设备（膜孔径100000）、纳滤浓缩膜设备（膜截留相对分子量在200~400）、浓缩设备、不锈钢储罐4~5个、恒流泵、巴氏消毒罐、真空干燥机或喷雾干燥机、取样瓶等。2.PreparationofequipmentandutensilsFreshlyripenedmonkfruit(orcryopreservedmonkfruit),drinkingwater,purifiedwater。1.Preparationofrawmaterialsandreagents

Countercurrentextractionunitorextractiontank,centrifuge,ultrafiltrationmembraneequipment(membraneporesize100000),nanofiltrationconcentrationmembraneequipment(membranecut-offrelativemolecularweightis200~400),concentrationequipment,stainlesssteelstoragetank4~5,constantflowpump,pasteurizationtank,vacuumdryerorspraydryer,samplingbottle,etc.制备罗汉果甜苷的操作流程见右图。Theoperationprocessofpreparingmogrosideisshowninthefigureontheright.3.操作方法3Howtooperate制备罗汉果甜苷流程4.操作要点（1）破碎、逆流提取（2）离心（3）超滤（4）纳滤纯化（5）浓缩（6）巴氏灭菌（7）冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥4.Operationalpoints（1）Crushing,counter-currentextraction（2）Centrifugal（3）ultrafiltration（4）Nanofiltrationpurification（5）concentrate（6）Pasteurization（7）Freeze-driedorspray-dried5.结果观测分析

（一）外观观察对取样的膜截留液进行颜色和澄清度观察，记录分离实验结果，并对膜分离前出的物质进行结果分析，分析颜色和澄清度与罗汉果甜苷纯度的关联关系。5.Observationandanalysisofresults

(1)AppearanceobservationThecolorandclarityofthesampledmembraneretentatewereobserved,theresultsoftheseparationexperimentwererecorded,andtheresultsofthesubstancesbeforemembraneseparationwereanalyzed,andthecorrelationbetweencolorandclarityandthepurityofmogrosidewasanalyzed.5.结果观测分析Observationandanalysisofresults（二）超滤液、浓缩液检测分析Ultrafiltrateandconcentratedetectionandanalysis超滤液、浓缩液检测Brix,以确定是否达到工艺控制的要求。Ultrafiltrate,concentratetestingBrixtodetermineifprocesscontrolrequirementsaremet5.结果观测分析（三）膜分离截留液检测分析对取样的膜截留液分别在波长595nm用分光光度计检测罗汉果总皂苷的吸光度值，并以浓缩倍数为横坐标，以总皂苷的吸光度值（A595）为纵坐标绘制膜分离图。5.Observationandanalysisofresults（三）Membraneseparationretentatedetectionandanalysis

Theabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponinsinmonkfruitwasdetectedbyspectrophotometeratwavelength595nm,andthemembraneseparationmapwasdrawnwiththeconcentrationfactorastheabscissaandtheabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponins(A595)astheordinate.6.注意事项1.在开始生产前，应将所有设备按上料机→破碎机→逆流提取机组或提取罐→中转罐→衡流泵→离心机→中转罐→恒流泵→超滤设备→中转罐→恒流泵→膜分离设备→中转罐→浓缩设备→巴杀罐→恒流泵→干燥设备用管道连接并全部清洁干净。2.罗汉果破碎时只需破碎到罗汉果种子一粒一粒即可，不能破碎种子。3.超滤时设备每运行8个小时或超滤通量小于设备设计通量的60%时，应停止进料，超滤设备使用后要彻底按特有的清洁方法清洁，以恢复其通量。4.膜设备在进膜压力和出膜压力压差超过0.1Mpa时或者通量明显下降时，以10.5≤pH≤12的氢氧化钠和三聚磷酸钠溶液循环60min，纯水洗净后待用。5.在超滤、膜分离过程中，要保持合适且稳定的流速。6.在检测罗汉果总皂苷时，必须对样品进行前处理，取膜截留液10mL至25mL容量瓶中，用纯净水稀释至刻度，摇匀。分别取各样品溶液0.2mL到具塞试管中，加水0.5mL，加5%香草醛溶液0.2mL，高氯酸0.8mL，60℃水浴15min。取出试管冰水浴冷却，再加5mL冰醋酸，摇匀后静置10min，在波长595nm处测其吸光度值。6.Precautions1.Beforestartingproduction,allequipmentshouldbepressedaccordingtothefeeder→crusher→counter-currentextractionunitorextractiontank→transfertank→constantflowpump→centrifuge→transfertank→constantflowpump→ultrafiltrationequipment→transfertank→constantflowpump→membraneseparationequipment→transfertank→concentrationequipment→pasteurizationtank→constantflowpump→dryingequipmentisconnectedwithpipesandallarecleaned.2.Whenthemonkfruitisbroken,itonlyneedstobebrokentothemonkfruitseedsonebyone,andtheseedscannotbebroken.3.Whentheequipmentrunsfor8hoursortheultrafiltrationfluxislessthan60%ofthedesignfluxoftheequipment,thefeedingshouldbestopped,andtheultrafiltrationequipmentshouldbethoroughlycleanedaccordingtotheuniquecleaningmethodafterusetorestoreitsflux.4.Whenthepressuredifferencebetweentheinletpressureandtheoutgoingpressureexceeds0.1Mpaorthefluxdecreasessignificantly,themembraneequipmentshouldbecirculatedwithasolutionofsodiumhydroxideandsodiumtripolyphosphateatapHof10.5≤pH≤12for60min,washedwithpurewaterandsetaside.5.Intheprocessofultrafiltrationandmembraneseparation,itisnecessarytomaintainasuitableandstableflowrate.6.Whendetectingtotalsaponinsinmonkfruit,thesamplemustbepretreated,andthemembraneretentatemustbetakenfrom10mLto25mLvolumetricflask,dilutedtothescalewithpurifiedwater,andshakenwell.0.2mLofeachsamplesolutionwasaddedtothepluggedtesttube,0.5mLofwater,0.2mLof5%vanillinsolution,0.8mLofperchloricacid,andawaterbathat60°Cfor15min.Takeoutthetesttubeinanicewaterbathandcool,add5mLofglacialaceticacid,shakewell,letitstandfor10min,andmeasureitsabsorbancevalueatawavelengthof595nm.

二、实训建议

1、实训时间与分组安排（1）使用逆流提取是一个连续动态的过程，且整个工序中各中间体均容易发酵变质，本实训任务宜对学生进行分岗位操作，岗位分别为：提取和离心、超滤、膜分离、浓缩、喷粉（或冷冻干燥），如投料量大，生产周期长，还要考虑每个岗位如何排班。（2）为了让学生了解到不同环节的操作，可以让学生轮流到不同岗位。（3）如学校没有成套的制备设备，可安排学生到相应的生产企业实习。

Second,thetrainingsuggestions

Trainingtimeandgrouparrangement（1)Theuseofcountercurrentextractionisacontinuousanddynamicprocess,andtheintermediatesinthewholeprocessareeasytofermentanddeteriorate,thistrainingtaskshouldbedividedintopositionsforstudents,thepositionsare:extractionandcentrifugation,ultrafiltration,membraneseparation,concentration,powderspraying(orfreezedrying),suchaslargeamountoffeeding,longproductioncycle,butalsoconsiderhowtoscheduleeachpost.(2)Inordertoletstudentsunderstandtheoperationofdifferentlinks,studentscantaketurnstodifferentpositions.(3)Iftheschooldoesnothaveacompletesetofpreparationequipment,studentscanbearrangedtointerninthecorrespondingproductionenterprises.2、实践操作内容的安排Arrangementofpracticaloperationcontent可安排学生使用不同孔径的膜（膜截留相对分子量分别为在200、300、350、400）进行实训，考察不同孔径的膜分离纯化效果。Studentscanbearrangedtousemembraneswithdifferentporesizes(therelativemolecularweightsofmembranesare200,300,350,and400,respectively)forpracticaltrainingtoinvestigatetheeffectofmembraneseparationandpurificationwithdifferentporesizes1、罗汉果甜苷的性质罗汉果甜苷又称罗汉果甜甙(或罗汉果甜)，萃取于广西特产经济植物--罗汉果，棕色至浅黄色粉末，熔点197~201℃(分解)，易溶于水和稀乙醇，热稳定性强，在100℃中性水溶液中连续加热25h，或在120℃长时间加热，均不致破坏，在弱酸、弱碱中不变质。罗汉果甜苷味极甜，纯品甜苷甜度为蔗糖的300倍，其热量为零。Thepropertiesofmogrosides

Mogroside,alsoknownasmonkfruitglycoside(ormonkfruitsweet),isextractedfromGuangxispecialeconomicplant-monkfruit,browntolightyellowpowder,meltingpoint197~201°C(decomposition),solubleinwateranddiluteethanol,strongthermalstability,continuousheatingin100°Cneutralaqueoussolutionfor25h,orlong-termheatingat120°C,willnotbedamaged,andwillnotdeteriorateinweakacidandweakalkali.Monkfruitglycosidesareextremelysweet,andthesweetnessofpureglycosidesis300timesthatofsucrose,anditscaloriesarezero.2、罗汉果及罗汉果甜苷的保健功效罗汉果性凉、味甘、无毒、归肺、大肠经，具有清热润肺，利咽开音，润肠通便之功效。传统常用于治疗肺热燥咳、咽痛失音、肠燥便秘等。近10多年来，罗汉果的药理研究发现罗汉果除了传统功效外，还有不少新功效，已有多篇文献报道罗汉果有降血糖和降血脂、抗氧化清除自由基、保肝、抗肿瘤、增强免疫、抗疲劳耐缺氧耐高温、抑菌等新功效。2.Healthcareeffectsofmonkfruitandmonkfruitglycosides

Monkfruitiscool,sweet,non-toxic,returnstothelungsandlargeintestinemeridians,andhastheeffectsofclearingheatandmoisteningthelungs,openingthepharynxandopeningthethroat,andmoisteningtheintestinesandlaxative.Traditionally,itisoftenusedtotreathotanddrycough,sorethroat,lossofvoice,intestinaldrynessandconstipation.Inthepast10years,thepharmacologicalresearchofmonkfruithasfoundthatinadditiontothetraditionaleffects,therearemanyneweffects,andmanyliteraturereportsthatmonkfruithasneweffectssuchasloweringbloodsugarandbloodlipids,antioxidantscavengingfreeradicals,liverprotection,anti-tumor,enhancingimmunity,anti-fatigue,hypoxia,hightemperatureresistance,andantibacterial.1.利用层析分离技术纯化罗汉果甜苷主要技术特点是：将罗汉果破碎，以饮用水为提取剂，料液比为1:（3~3.5）(m/v)，逆流提取，过滤，得罗汉果粗提取液备用。将罗汉果粗提取液，在恒定流速下通过大孔树脂（SP700、LX-15）进行分离纯化，再浓缩、干燥。Purificationofmogrosidesbychromatographyseparationtechnology

Themaintechnicalcharacteristicsare:themonkfruitiscrushed,drinkingwaterisusedastheextractionagent,thesolid-liquidratiois1:(3~3.5)(m/v),countercurrentextraction,filtration,andthecrudeextractofmonkfruitisreadyforuse.Thecrudeextractofmonkfruitwasseparatedandpurifiedbymacroporousresin(SP700,LX-15)ataconstantflowrate,andthenconcentratedanddried.2.利用微波技术提取罗汉果甜苷主要技术特点是：将罗汉果破碎，以饮用水为提取剂，料液比为1:8(m/v)，微波输出功率为750W，提取时间为15min，离心，过滤，得罗汉果粗提取液备用。将罗汉果粗提取液，利用膜分离纯化或大孔树脂层析分离纯化，再浓缩、干燥。2.Microwavetechnologyisusedtoextractmogrosides

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