2025年高中英语第18讲 选择性必修一 Unit 5 Reading and Thinking（学生版）-【暑假衔接】新高二英语暑假课（人教版）

【暑假辅导班】新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）第18讲选择性必修一Unit5ReadingandThinking【核心知识点讲解】1.devotevt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于*Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.事实上,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Regardlessoftheriskofgettinginfected,UncleLiisresponsibleanddevotedtohisjob.尽管有感染的风险,李叔叔对工作很负责任和投入。*IfeelthatI’vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.我觉得我被赋予了第二次生命,去致力于一些有意义和伟大的事情。【词块记忆】(1)devote...to(doing)sth.把(时间、精力或注意力)投入、用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto 献身于;致力于;专心于(to是介词)(2)devoted adj.热爱的,忠诚的(3)devotion n.献身,忠诚,热爱,专心【知识延伸】表达“献身于……,专心于……”的常用短语还有:giveone’slifeto...commitoneselfto...applyoneselfto...dedicate...to...2.shortagen.不足;缺少;短缺*However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而,他最担心的是农民往往收成不好,有时甚至严重缺粮。*(2019·浙江高考)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在树木缺水最严重的地区,大树的损失最大。【词块记忆】(1)food/water/housingshortages食物/用水/住房短缺shortageof 缺乏(2)short adj.不足的;缺乏的beshortof 缺乏,不足3.convincevt.使相信;使确信;说服*Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平相信在杂交水稻的培育中可以找到答案。*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.他说,虽然说服人们相信海狸鼠皮毛环保是不容易的,但是他对此毫不怀疑。*(2020·天津高考)Heconvincedthepolicedepartmenttoallowhimtosetupacoupleof“chatbenches”intwooftheirlocalparks.他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设置几张“聊天椅”。*You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。【词块记忆】(1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人相信某事convincesb.+that从句 使某人相信convincesb.todosth. 说服某人做某事(2)convincing adj.令人信服的(3)convinced adj.确信的,坚信的4.assumptionn.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得*Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。*(2019·江苏高考)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些副本转交给了公园管理部门,认为他们可能会将其放大以供其中一个游客中心展示。*(2019·江苏高考)Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.我们非常喜欢我们的高智商,以至于我们认为当涉及脑力时,大脑一定越大越好。*Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍认为,紧张是工作过重所致。【词块记忆】(1)assume v.假定;假设;认为Itisassumedthat... 人们(普遍)认为……(2)withanassumptionof/ontheassumptionthat假设……5.estimatevt.估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算*Itisestimated(that)thehouseisworth3,000,000dollars.据估计,这座房子值三百万美元。*Canyouestimatetheworthoftheusedcar?你能估算一下这辆旧汽车值多少钱吗?*(2020·天津高考)IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.因为我不知道你的背景而低估了你。【词块记忆】(1)beestimatedtobe/have 估计Itisestimated+that... 据估计(2)ataroughestimate 粗略估计,粗略说来(3)underestimate v.低估6.realityn.现实;实际情况;事实*Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.他关于“海水水稻”的最新设想也成为了现实,并有可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地,用于水稻生产。*(2020·江苏高考)Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,allowingforanewgenerationofvirtualreality.6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB,使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。*MannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.曼恩认为,Terrafugia比任何人都更接近于使飞车成为现实。【词块记忆】(1)inreality 事实上;实际上escapefromreality 逃避现实(2)real adj.真实的really adv.真实地(3)realistic adj.现实的,实际的,现实主义的,逼真的7.expandvt.&vi.扩大,增加vt.扩展,发展(业务)*Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.这种杂交使农民能够大幅度增加产量。*(2019·天津高考)Sixyearsafteritslaunch,CuddleBuddiescontinuestoexpand.推出六年之后,CuddleBuddies项目继续扩大。*Weneedadditionalsupporttostrengthenandexpandintonewareas.我们需要额外的支持从而加强和扩展到新的领域。*I’mquitesatisfiedwithyourexplanation,sothere’snoneedtoexpandonit.我对你的解释十分满意,因此不需要详细阐述了。*Hehopestheeventwilltakeplaceeveryyearandexpandtoneighboringcountries.他希望每年都可以举行这种活动,并且扩展到周边国家。【词块记忆】expandinto 扩展到expandon 展开;更充分地阐述;详谈expandto 扩展到8.comprisevt.包括;包含;由……组成*Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains.如今,据估计,中国约60%的国内大米消费是由袁(隆平)的杂交品种生产的作物构成的。*Womencomprise44%ofhospitalmedicalstaff.女性占医院医护人员的44%。9.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.袁(隆平)的创新不仅帮助了中国,也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家,如印度和越南。【句式解构】句中包含notjust...but...(不仅/不但……而且……)结构,相当于notonly...but(also)...(also可省略)。该句型可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语,说话的侧重点在后一部分。当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的形式应根据“就近原则”,同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。*(2020·天津高考)Thiseffortisnotjustanattemptatbeingcommunityminded—it’salsoacrime-cuttingmeasure.这项努力不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.我想要的不只是一个普通的咖啡馆,而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。*Ilikenotjustpopmusicbutcountrymusic.我不仅喜欢流行音乐,而且喜欢乡村音乐。【要点拾遗】1.considerv.(仔细)考虑,体谅,顾及;认为,觉得*Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.然而,他(袁隆平)认为自己是农民,因为他在田间耕作,进行科学研究。*(2020·浙江高考)Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.现在他希望其他城市能考虑让街道变得更智能化,而不仅仅是让街道变大。*(2019·浙江高考)ThechallengeisallthemoreseriouswhenyouconsiderthedemandingexerciserequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的更高强度运动时,挑战就更加严峻了*Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.他在考虑下一步怎么办。【词块记忆】consider...(tobe/as) 认为……是;把……看作considerdoingsth. 考虑做某事consider+how从句/wh-从句 考虑……allthingsconsidered 考虑到所有情况,综合考虑consideritadj./n.+todo 认为做某事……2.crisisn.(pl.crises)危机,危急关头*Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.为了应对这一危机,他选择了研究农业,并受教于重庆的西南农业大学。*Oilshortageshavebroughtonanenergycrisis.石油短缺已经造成了能源危机。*Thebusinessisstillincrisisbutithassurvivedtheworstoftimes.这家公司仍处于危机之中,但它已经挺过了最坏的时期。【词块记忆】solveacrisis 化解危机beatacrisispoint 处于危急关头beincrisis 危机中intimesofcrisis 在危急时刻3.realise/realizevt.实现,认识到,意识到*YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.袁隆平意识到更大的种植面积不是解决问题的方法。*Herealizedthatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温的影响。*(2020·天津高考)Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.她意识到自己身材瘦小,长得像个孩子。【词块记忆】realiseone’sdreams/goals/ambitions 实现某人的梦想/目标/抱负realise+that/what从句 意识到【知识延伸】Achieve v.实现realisation/realization n.实现4.characteristicn.特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的*Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.杂交作物的一个特点是通常比常规作物获得更高的产量。*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化,从而使得这项工作对他们来说更容易。*(2019·北京高考)Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并影响浮游植物的生长,因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳的生长,而且需要营养素。【词块记忆】character n.品质,性格;特点,特性vt.使具有特征It’scharacteristicofsb.that... ……是某人的特点5.conventionaladj.传统的,习惯的*Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.杂交作物的一个特征是通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。*Itissimplerandquickertousethanconventionalmethods.这比传统的做法更简单、更快捷。*OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesdefeatedconventionalPCsinsales.仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世5年后,智能手机的销售量就打败了传统的个人电脑。【词块记忆】convention n.惯例,习俗conventionally adv.传统地6.overcome(overcame,overcome)vt.克服;解决;战胜*Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.经过不懈的努力,袁隆平克服巨大的技术困难,于1974年研制出第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。*(2020·天津高考)AsisdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimeallowsthekidtoovercomereadingdifficulties.如第4段所述,带一个小孩参加半小时的故事时光可以帮助他克服阅读困难。【词块记忆】overcometheenemy 战胜敌人overcomethedifficulties 克服困难beovercomebycuriosity 受好奇心驱使7.despiteprep.不管,尽管,任凭*Despitehisadvancedyears,YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.尽管年事已高,但袁隆平内心依然年轻,充满憧憬,大家都在等着看他接下来会梦想什么。*(2019·江苏高考)Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.尽管他们有许多不同之处,但所有人都有一些明确的特征,比如大的脑袋和用两条腿直立行走的能力。*(2018·江苏高考)Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanagerisreluctanttoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.尽管酒店的服务很差,经理还是不愿意投资为他的员工进行足够的培训。【基础训练】Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.IhavefourchildrenandI(continue)learnnewthingsfromthem.2.Theherointhenovelisaselfishbusinessmanwhosewholeeffortandlifearedevotedtoearningmoremoney.3.Weareworkingonthe(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.4.Mikefounda(challenge)jobasacomputerprogrammerinabigcompany.5.Hehasbeenwiththecompanysinceits(create)in1989.6.All(variety)ofgoodsfordailyuseareavailable.7.OnceYuanLongpingenvisionedriceplantstallassorghum.8.Moststudentshavetolookforjobsafteruniversity(graduate).9.Ittakespatience(educate)children.

10.Hewilltryhisbesttohelpthembymeansofhis(convention)medicalknowledge.Ⅱ.选词填空domesticfarmingcelebrityestimateconvinceshortagesolutiongenerateadvanceleisure1.Joannahasfinallymadeittothefirstrankofafter25yearsasanactress.2.Poorpreparationandofequipmentaccountedfortheirfailureofclimbingtothetopofthemountain.3.Thefirsthybridricewasusedforin1974.4.Itisthatabout1,000peopleattendedthecitymarathon.5.Womenarestillthemainvictimsofviolence.6.Atoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.7.I’mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindanyoneelse.8.Thecompany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltopower.9.IliketogotothecinemawhenIhavetime.10.Thegentleman,despitehisyears,helpedKathrynbacktoherseat.Ⅲ.根据提示翻译句子1.袁隆平,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,是中国最著名的科学家之一。(knowas)

2.袁隆平的父母希望他从事科学或医学事业。(wantsb.todo)

3.1953年毕业后,他担任研究员。(afterdoing)

4.袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国,还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家,如印度和越南。(notjust...but)

5.应该有一个你可以向他寻求任何建议的人。(therebe)

IV.阅读理解ASeawaterricetestyieldholdspromiseforharshlandsByMaoWeihuaandZhengCaixionginUrumuqi|chinadaily.com.cn|Updated:2019-11-1917:01Theseawaterrice,developedbyagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingandhisteam,achievedatheoreticalyieldof546.74kilogramspermu(0.07hectares)inapaddyinYopurgacounty,XinjiangUygurautonomousregion.Thefigurewasannouncedafterastrictandpublicevaluationlastmonthbyaproductiontestingexpertgroup,whichconsistedoffourrenownedriceexperts.YuanLongping’sresearchteam,whichstartedplantingriceinthesaline-alkalifieldin2018,expandedtheirexperimentalricefieldtomorethan20hectaresthisyearinthecounty,locatednearChina’slargestdesert,theTaklimakan.Thericeoutputfromtheexperimentalricefieldindicatedthatthesaline-alkalilandcanbetransformedintogoodricefieldsinthreetofiveyears,saidWangQi,anexpertwithYuanLongping’sresearchteam.Thetrialplottogrowtheseawaterriceisofaheavysaline-alkalinature,withsalinitycomingtomorethan17per1,000partsandthepHvaluereachingover8.0,buttheseawaterricehastheeffectofimprovingthesoilandreducingthesaline-alkalicontent,Wangsaid.1.Whoreportedthenews?A.WangQi.B.YuanLongping.C.YuanLongping’sresearchteam.D.MaoWeihuaandZhengCaixiong.2.What’stheadvantageofseawaterrice?A.Itachievedayieldof546.74kgperhectare.B.Itcanbeplantedinthesaline-alkalifield.C.Itdoesn’tneedsomuchsunlight.D.Itcanbeplantedeverywhere.3.WhendidtheseawaterricebegintobeplantedinXinjiangbyYuanLongpingandhisteam?A.Lastmonth. B.In2018.C.InNovember,2019. D.InOctober.4.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.Aguidebook. B.ATVprogram.C.Awebsite. D.Atextbook.BEverysummer,myfamilyandIvisitourrelativesinIndiaandwheneverwetravel,myparentsalwaysremindmetodrinkonlybottledorboiledwater.OnoneofmytripstoIndia,Isawchildrendrinkingwaterfromtheroadside.Iwastroubledtolearnthatmillionsofpeople,mostofthemchildrenindevelopingcountries,dieeachyearbecauseofwaterrelateddiseases.LivingintheUS,Iamluckytobeabletoturnonthetapandgetpotablewater(饮用水),whileonesixthoftheworld’spopulationlacksaccesstocleanwater.Thisyear,IenteredtheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge.InlateJune,IlearnedthatIwasselectedasoneofthetop10nationalfinalistsofthisfamousmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.Overthesummer,IworkedwithDr.JimJonza,myScientistmentor(导师)from3M,anddevelopedasystemthatusessolarenergytopurifywater.Myinventionisgreenandcost-effective,andIamlookingforwardtoimplementingthisinplacesthatare