2024-2025学年下学期高一英语人教新版期末必刷常考题之议论文阅读理解

第60页（共60页）2024-2025学年下学期高一英语人教新版期末必刷常考题之议论文阅读理解一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．（2025春•龙岗区校级期中）NewsthattheDutchbookpublishinghouseVeenBosch&KeuninghasconfirmedplanstoexperimentwithAItotranslatefictionhascausedafiercedebate.Acrosseverynewtechnology，debatescentreonwhatwestandtolosebyembracingchangeand，withAI，thisechoes（与……相呼应）thedevelopmentsintherecenthistoryofgeneticscience.Butsomehow，whenweinterferewithcultureandhumanhistory，itcanseemthatsomethingevenmorefundamentalthanDNAisunderthreat.Fictiontrenslationhastraditionallybeenthedomainofskilledhumantraislators.UsingAlinthisfieldcouldbreakuphumanity'smostremarkableandperhapsirreplaceableachievement：theabilitytoexpresscomplexhumanthoughtsthroughwords.Language，especiallyinliterature，isn'tjustaboutwords.It'saboutculturalcontext，andthedistinctvoiceofthewriter.Onlyahumanwhounderstandsbothlanguagesandculturescanaccuratelytranslatetheheartofastory.Yetmachinelearninghasmadeextraordinarystrides（进展）inunderstandinglanguage，bestevidencedbythelatestversionofChatGPT.We.seemtobeatapointinthedevelopmentofAIwhereitscapabilitiesofusinglanguagealmostmatchhumans'inawiderangeofcircumstances，fromcustomerservicechatbotstohealthtestingtools.Learningeverylanguagetoreadeverybookis，ofcourse，impractical.Butnotunderstandingaparticularlanguagecanpreventusfromdiscoveringgreatworksofnativeliteraturethatrayneverbetranslatedintoourownlanguages.Thus，wemightadvanceasocialjusticeargumentforusingAItranslationtowidelygaininsightsfrommanyculturesandtheirvariedlanguages.Ofcourse，theriseofAIintranslationhasitsdownsides.IfAIreplaceshumantranslators，werisklosingtheirinsightsandtheculturalunderstandingtheybringButwecanuseAItohelphumantranslators.TranslatorscouldbeinvolvedinimprovingAImodels，ensuringhigheraccuracyandquality，andselectingworkstobetranslated.ImagineaworldwheretranslatorsandAIworktogether，pushingtheboundariesofwhatcanbeaccomplished.Thiswouldgiveusaccesstomoregloballiterature，enhancingourcollectiveunderstandingofdiversecultures.（1）Whydoestheauthormentionthedevelopmentsinrecentgeneticscience？A.Toemphasizetherapidtechnologicalprogress.B.Toexplainthemoralissuesinvolvedinthisfield.C.ToshowconcernsabouttheeffectofAItranslation.D.TodiscusstheadvantagesofapplyingAItechnology.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"madeextraordinarystrides"inparagraph5mean？A.Encounteredhugebarriers.B.Achievedremarkableprogress.C.Posedconsiderablechallenges.D.Exhibitedsignificantlimitations.（3）WhatisidentifiedasasignificantpotentialbenefitofAItranslation？A.Itcanensuretheaccuracyoftranslations.B.Itcansavealargeamountoffinancialinvestment.C.Itcanfacilitatetheprocessoflearningforeignlanguages.D.Itcanexpandaccesstoliteraturefromdifferentcultures.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofAIinfictiontranslation？A.Objective.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.2．（2025春•浙江期中）Manyeconomists（经济学家）todaybelievethatself﹣interestiswhatdrivescompetitionandgrowthinmarketeconomies.However，inanincreasinglyinterconnectedsociety，itisevenmoreimportanttohavegroupskills.Soweshouldencouragecooperationtobetterpreparechildrenforthefuture.Inthepresenttimemarkedwithdigitaleconomy，cooperationisavaluableskilltohave.AsaresearchstudyconductedbyGoogleshows，skillssuchasgoodcommunicationandcooperationareimportanttoemployeescomparedtotechnicalskillsorknowledge.Incontrast，intense（激烈的）competitiveandindividualisticbehaviourmaydestroysocialrelationsinthecommunityofcoworkers.Sincenomanisanisland，eventhemostcompetitiveemployeewillnotbeabletopursuehisgoalseffectivelywithoutthehelpofotherswhoareabletoshareacommonunderstanding.Moreover，encouragingcooperationhelpsdevelopahealthysenseofself﹣esteeminchildrenthatbetterpreparesthemforthecompetitiveworkingworld.Thecompetitivecultureincludehigheranxietyanddepressionamonguniversitystudentsandofficeworkers.Itisprimaryforthebuildersofourfuturetobebasedonmutuallybeneficialcooperationratherthanself﹣centredcompetition.Teamworkcanhelpamaturingindividualrealizethateachhashisorherownuniquesetofabilitiesandthatanotherperson'stalentsdonotweakenthevalueofhisorhertalents.Weshouldencourageaspiritofcooperationmorethanaspiritofcompetitioninchildrentobetterpreparethemforanuncertainfuture.Cooperationopensforanindividualagatewaytodiverseskillsandtalentsofothersandimportantly，enhancesourchancesofsolvingproblemsofthefuture.Furthermore，sincecooperativeactivitiescanbuildconfidenceinchildren，itwillalsopromotehealthycompetitionwithinagenerationthatcanbetterunderstandandtolerateothers'weaknesses.（1）Whatwillintensecompetitionleadtoaccordingtothestudy？A.Itcanpromotecommunicationsbetweenpeople.B.Itcouldbringdamagetopartners'relationships.C.Itwillweakenone'sabilityinsolvingproblems.D.Itenablesonetosharecommonviewswithothers.（2）Whatdoestheauthoragreewithaccordingtoparagraph3？A.Onlybycooperationcanchildrendevelopself﹣esteem.B.One'sabilitiesandanother'stalentscan'tworktogether.C.Itisimportantforbuildersoffuturetolearntocooperate.D.Higheranxietyanddepressiondon'texistamongstudents.（3）Whatcharacteristicmightcooperationhave，asmentionedinthepassage？A.Focusingonself﹣centredcompetition.B.Reducingthepossibilityofsuccess.C.Pursuingindividualgoalseffectively.D.Acceptingteammates'shortcomings.（4）Whatisauthor'sintentiontowritethearticle？A.Toencourageateamworkspiritinchildren.B.Tosupportfiercecompetitionbetweenchildren.C.Towarnchildrenofuncertaintroubleinthefuture.D.Tobuildupconfidenceinchildrenthroughcompetition.3．（2024春•城关区校级期末）Mathsisallaroundus，fromworkingouthowtosharethebillafteramealtocalculating（计算）yourhouseholdbills.Somepeoplelovethechallengeofworkingoutmathsproblems，butmanyfearthemomentwhentheyhavetodealwithnumbersandfiguresandfeelarealsenseofworry.Itcanseemdiscouraging，butthis"mathsanxiety"isperfectlynormal，andyou'redefinitelynotalone.Andanyway，ourworriesandfearsdon'tnecessarilyreflectourability.Theproblemreallystartsinchildhood，atschool.Researchhasfoundthatmathsteacherswhoarenervousaboutteachingthesubjectcanpassontheiranxietytothepupils，andgirlsmaybemorelikelytobeaffected.TheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentfoundaround31%of15and16﹣year﹣oldsacross34countriessaidtheygotverynervousdoingmathsproblems，33%saidtheygottenseandnervousdoingmathshomework，andnearly60%saidtheyworriedmathsclasseswouldbedifficult.ShulamitKahn，fromBostonUniversity'sQuestromSchoolofBusiness，toldtheBBCshebelievesgivingstudents，particularlygirls，goodrolemodels"issignificant，especiallyatayoungage".Shethinksthekeyistogetpeople，especiallywomenwholoveteachingmaths，toteachyoungerchildren.WritingforBBCFuture，DavidRobsonsays"It'snotclearwhymathsgivesrisetosomuchfearcomparedtogeography.Butthefactthatthere'sarightorwronganswermightmakeyoumoreworriedaboutunderperforming."Andonceweassumewe'renota'mathsperson'，weavoidsolvingthingsthatweprobablycoulddo.Psychologists（心理学家）havebeentryingtoworkoutwhymentalcalculationcanbringusoutinasweat.Thatfearmaycomefrommanysources，butsomesuggestthatexpressingyourfearsclearlycanloosentheirholdonyou，andencouragechildrentoseeamathstestasachallenge，notathreat（威胁）.Weneedtothinkpositivelyaboutmathsandgiveitasecondchance.（1）Regarding"mathsanxiety"inparagraph1，theauthorthinks.A.itisuniqueB.itisformalC.itiscommonD.itisnecessary（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2？A.Girlsarebetteratmathsthanboys.B.Mathsclassesaredifficultforallstudents.C.Students'anxietyresultsentirelyfromteachers.D.Confidenceinmathsneedsdevelopinginchildhood.（3）Whatwillbeapotentialresultifonethinksheisnota'mathsperson'？A.Hewillrisetochallenges.B.Hewilllearnmathsharder.C.Hewillbedoubtfulabouthisability.D.Hewillnotseemathsasathreat.（4）Whatarechildrenadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph？A.Tracksourcesofmathsfearregularly.B.Speakfearsoutforimprovementbravely.C.Explorecausesoffailureinmathscarefully.D.Quitchallengestoavoidanxietyactively.4．（2024春•市南区校级期末）Iftherewasanappclaimingtoimproveyourmemory，wouldyoubewillingtotryit？It'shardtoresisttheideaofhavingabettermemory.Inresponsetothisperceivedneed，thebraintrainingindustryhasgrownrapidly，offeringawiderangeofaccessibleandaffordablementalexercisesthroughsmartphoneandtabletapps.Manyresearchershavefoundevidencesuggestingthatwell﹣designedexercisescanimprovementalabilitiesandleadtobetterscoresonIQtests.Theycomparethebraintomuscles，suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthenandconditionourmemoryprocesses，similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingspecificmusclegroups.Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikesolvingacomplexpuzzle，memorytrainingappsarespecificallydesignedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistracted（使分心）byasecondarytask，suchasmentalcalculationsorexploringagame'slandscape.Ifthisbraintrainingproveseffective，itcouldbebeneficialforindividualswithbrain﹣relateddisabilitiesorthoserecoveringfromconditionslikecancer.Critics，though，arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing，theoverallevidencefailstodemonstratesignificantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.Additionally，despitetheclaimsmadebymanyappsandbraintrainingcompanies，scientistshaveyettoidentifythekeyfactorsthatmakeaninterventiontrulyeffectiveordeterminethebestapproachestoaddressthediverseneedsofindividualsseekinghelp.Whilethequestionisstillopentodebate，thereisevidencesuggestingthatshort﹣termworkingmemorytrainingcanbenefithigh﹣functioningindividuals.However，it'simportanttonotethatbraintraining，likedietandexercise，isunlikelytohaveidenticaleffectsoneveryindividual.（1）Inwhatwayisthebrainsimilartomusclesaccordingtomanyresearchers？A．Intestingresults.B．Inworkprocesses.C．Inbodilyfunctions.D．Intrainingmethods.（2）Whatisthemainfeatureofthetypicaltasksinmemorytrainingapps？A．Simple.B．Effective.C．Demanding.D．Interesting.（3）Whatdocriticsthinkmemorytrainingappslack？A．Legalclaims.B．Proveneffects.C．Tailoredservices.D．Appealingconcepts（4）Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext？A．CanOurMemorybeImproved？B．DoesBrainTrainingActuallyWork？C．WhathaveScientistsFoundaboutMemory？D．WhatdoestheBrainTrainingIndustryBring？5．（2024春•新余期末）Itisnaturaltocompareourselvestoothersandtogetcaughtinamentalcomparisonloop，andyetthisseldomisbeneficial.Youmayhaveheardtheexpression"Comparisonisthethiefofjoy."Tome，thisistrueasIhavefounditisquitedifficulttocomparemyselftoothersandfeeljoyatthesametime.Comparisonnotonlyrobsusofjoy，butitcanalsofuelself﹣criticismandalackofself﹣acceptance.Typically，comparisonleadstoperceivingothersassuperiortoyouinsomewayandfeelinginadequateorinferior."Iamnotassuccessful，competent，attractiveastheyare."Whydon'tIhavewhattheyhave？Weusecomparisonasanavenueforself﹣criticism，"What'swrongwithme？Imustbeaninadequateloser."Thishindersself﹣acceptance.Comparisonisdeceptive（误导的）.Ittellsusthatifwemeettheexpectations，loseweight，getapromotion，orbuythehouse，wewillfeelbetter，calmer，moreself﹣assured，andstopcomparingourselves.Thismaybetemporarilytrue，yet，acomparisonisaninternalprocessthatisultimatelybasedonourthoughtsandsenseofself，notexternalcircumstances.Wecanalwaysfindsomethingelsetocompare，anotherexpectationwetellourselveswearenotmeeting.Tostopcomparingourselvestoothers，wehavetorecognizethatthecomparisongameisunwinnable（andexhausting）andstopplaying.Toshiftfrombeingguidedbycomparisontobeingguidedbyyourvalues.Valuesareantidotestocomparison.Reflectinguponandbeingawareofyourvalues，andaligning（使一致）behaviorsanddecisionswithyourvalues，highlightsandreinforceswhatistrulyimportanttoyouandcansolidifyyoursenseofself﹣identityandself﹣acceptance.Thisdoesnotmeanweignorethingsthatwemaywanttochange.Itmeansthesechangesandgoalsarebasedonvaluesnotcomparisontoothers，andnotrelevanttoself﹣acceptance，weacceptourselvesregardless.Behaviorsanddecisionsareamatterofpersonalchoice，notameanstomeasureuptoothersorarequirementforacceptance.Self﹣acceptanceisn'taboutfixinganythingaboutyourself，itisaboutaffirmingwhoyouare，today.（1）Whatisthenegativeeffectofcomparison？A.Itresultsincriticismfromotherpeople.B.Itharmsourconfidenceanddignity.C.Itmakesusgiveupworkinghard.D.Ithindersourroadstosuccess.（2）Whyiscomparisonmisleadingaccordingtoparagraph3？A.Becauseitisaninternalprocessdependingonourexpectations.B.Becausetherearesomanythingswaitingforustocompare.C.Becausewesethighstandardforourselvesallthetime.D.Becauseweneverstopcomparingdespitetemporarysatisfaction.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4mostprobablymean？A.Solutions.B.Necessities.C.Reasons.D.Suggestions.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.ComparisonreduceourvaluesB.AcceptyourownbehaviorsanddecisionsC.StoptryingtomeasureuptoothersD.Whyisitunnecessarytocompare？6．（2024春•唐山期末）Foreveryonewhoserelationshipwithmathematicsisbroken，JoBoaler，aprofessoratStanfordGraduateSchoolofEducation，hasideasforrepairingit.Moststudentshaveonlyeverexperiencedwhatshecallsnarrowmathematics.Inthisworldofmathematics，questionshaveonevaluedmethodandoneanswer.Studentsneedtofollowasetofproceduresatspeed.Whenblindlymemorizingmathfacts，they'renotdevelopingnumbersense.Theydon'tlearnhowtousenumbersflexiblyindifferentsituations.Formostofthem，mathematicsisanalmostcompletelysymbolicexperience.It'sabigpartofwhywehaveacountryofmathematicsfailureandfear.Inhernewbook，Boalerarguesthatmathematicsshouldbetaughtinmorevisual（可视的）ways.Studentsshouldbeinvitedtoseemathematicalideasnotonlyasnumbersbutalsoaswords，visuals，physicalrepresentations，tables，modelsandmovements.Inherbookshementionedanactivityshedidwithmiddle﹣schoolstudentsinasummercampwherestudentswereshownanimageofa4x4x4cmcube（立方体）madeupofsmaller1cmcubes.Thelargercubewasdipped（蘸）intoacanofbluepaint，andsheasked，iftheycouldtakeapartthelittlecubes，howmanysideswouldbepaintedblue？Tosolveit，shegavethestudentssugarcubesandhadthemphysicallybuildalarger4x4x4cube.Ayearlater，sheaskedonestudent，Jed，howthecamphadimpactedhim.Jedtoldherthathewasinadvancedmathclass，buthestillrememberedthatsugarcube—whatitlookedlikeandfeltlike—andhehadusedthememorytosolvemanyquestions.Hehadbuiltamentalrepresentationofacube.Somepeoplemayconsiderphysicalrepresentationsmoresuitableforyoungerkids，butBoalerwroteatlast，"LookatthoseTeslaengineers.They'redrawing，they'rebuildingmodels，andnobodysaysthat'sbasicmathematics."（1）Whatistheresultofnarrowmathematics？A.Worryandlackofsuccess.B.Goodmemoryandperformance.C.Fearofteachersandtheschool.D.Deepunderstandingofnumbers.（2）WhatisBoaler'sideaaboutmathematics？A.Toteachnumberslikewords.B.Toconnectittotherealworld.C.Tobringittosummercamps.D.Tolearnitoutoftheclassroom.（3）WhyareTeslaengineersmentioned？A.Topraisethecompany.B.Toshowtheircreativity.C.Tocorrectpeople'sidea.D.Tosetexamplestoyoungerkids.7．（2024春•绍兴期末）Whyshouldweexplorespace？WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth？Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourhistory.Whatmadeourancestorsmovefromthetreesontotheplains？Didawiderdistributionofourspeciesofferabetterchanceofsurvival？Nearlyallsuccessfulcivilizationshavebeenwillingtoexplorespace.Inexploring，thedangersofsurroundingareasmaybeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge，thesedangershavetheabilitytoharmus.Withknowledge，theireffectsmaybedecreased.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn，theexplorationofspaceallowsnewresourcestobecreated.Resourcestranslateintosuccessatsurvival.Knowledgeortechniquesacquiredinexploringalwaysfilterfromthedeveloperstothegeneralpopulation.Techniquesmaybemedicalapplications，suchasnewdrugsorwaysoflivingtoincreasethequantityorthequalityoftimelived.Techniquesmaybesocial，allowingthepeopleinasocietytobetterunderstandthosewithinoroutsidethatculture.EuropeanSpaceAgency（ESA）doeswhatindividualEuropeannationscannotdoontheirown.ScientistsfromEuropeannationscanfunctionatworld﹣classlevelintheirspecialistfields，inco﹣operationratherthancompetition.Bystudyingalienworlds，suchasVenus，MarsorSaturn'smoonTitan，wecanplaceourownworldincontext.ESA'sexplorationoftheSolarSystemisfocusedonunderstandingtheEarth'srelationshipwiththeotherplanets，essentialsteppingstonesforexploringthewiderUniverse.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks，italsoholdsdangers.ThechanceofalargeasteroidorcomethittingtheEarthissmall.Butgiventime，itwillhappen.Thedangersexistandknowledgecanallowusasaspeciestosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace，thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.（1）Whydoestheauthorlistquestionsinthefirstparagraph？A.Tostressthewidedistributionofourspecies.B.Tointroducehuman'seffortstoexplorespace.C.Toillustratetheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Tohighlightthelonghistoryofspaceexploration.（2）Whatdoesspaceexplorationenablehumanstodo？A.Uncovertheunknownresourcesoftheuniverse.B.Understandbetteraboutthecultureofsociety.C.Gainmoreknowledgeabouttheoriginoflife.D.Reducetheharmfulimpactonalienworlds.（3）HowdoesESAworkinspaceexploration？A.ItcomparestheEarthwithotherplanets.B.Itfocusesitsstudyonaparticularplanet.C.Itadvocatescooperativeworkofindividualnations.D.Itencouragesscientiststocompeteintheirspecializedfields.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A.Exploringspacemeansrescuingourselves.B.ThereisasmallchanceofcomethittingtheEarthinfuture.C.Theformationoftheuniverserequiresfurtherexplanation.D.Wondersabouttheuniversereflectpotentialrisksfromspace.8．（2024春•亳州期末）Playtimeinyourchildhoodiscloselyconnectedtofeelingsofjoy.Playshouldn'tbedismissedasmerechildishness（幼稚）.Engaginginplaygoesbeyondfunandgames—it'sapowerfultoolforgrowth，learning，andhealing.Whenchildrenplay，it'snotjustabouthavingagoodtime；they'realsoactivelydevelopinglifeskills.Therootsofplayfulnesssprout（萌芽）early；evenbabiesrespondtointeractionswiththeirfamily，whetherit'ssingingsongs，gentlerocking，oractivemovement.Simpleengagementslikeeyecontact，smiles，orvoicescapturetheattentionofnewborns，layingthefoundationforessentialconnection，trust，andmutualplay.Throughtheseseeminglyordinaryyetmeaningfulinteractions，playbegins.Whenplaying，childrenlearnaboutthemselvesandothers.Playservesasadynamictraininggroundfortryingnewthings—fromrunningandjumpingtoplanningandorganizing.Childrendiscovertheirinborntalentsanddevelopself﹣confidence.Engaginginpositiveplaywithothersincreaseschildren'sdesiretoconnectwithpeers.Laughterandfuncreatelightnessandbringhealingpowers.Harmoniousplayfightsagainstlazinessandstress.Importantly，whenparentsplaywithchildren，itreducesstress，servingasawaytotakeupchallenges.Playtimeresultsincuriosity，causingthenaturaldrivetolearn.Forinstance，childrenplaying"grocerystore"usesmathandproblem﹣solvingskills.Inessence，playbecomesafunapproachtolearning.Despiteitsmanybenefits，playhasdeclinedinrecentyears，aresultoftheswiftlifepaceofparents.Theconsequencesofaplay﹣lackingchildhoodextendfarbeyondtheimmediate，impactinglong﹣termwell﹣being.Theabsenceoffunsocialinteractionshinders（妨碍）socialdevelopmentandallowsstresstoaccumulate.Withoutplay，opportunitiestoconnect，learn，andexperimentarecutback，killingcreativityandrestrictingthedevelopmentofessentiallifeskills.Amongthedemandsandhustle（忙碌）ofdailylife，asparents，it'seasytooverlookthevalueofplay—notjustforchildrenbutalsoforourselves.Prioritizing（优先）playasanadultisn'taluxury；it'savitalcomponentforahealthyandhappylife.Beyondthejoyitbrings，playoffersthesamephysicalandmentalbenefitsforadultsasitdoesforchildren.Welcomingfunandlaughternotonlyenrichesourlivesbutalsobringsmomentsofjoyintoourfamilies.（1）Whatismainlytalkedaboutbabiesinparagraph2？A.Themethodsofcommunication.B.Theinteractionswithparents.C.Thebeginningoffirstplay.D.Thewaystodrawtheirattention.（2）Whydochildrenplaylesstheseyearsthanbefore？A.Becauseplayiswidelyconsideredaschildishness.B.Becausechildrenhaveahugeacademicalburden.C.Becausenoonebenefitsfromplay.D.Becausetheirparentsaretoobusy.（3）Whoisthepassagemainlyintendedfor？A.Parents.B.Educators.C.Children.D.Doctors.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？A.TheBenefitsofLeisureB.ThePowerofPlayC.TheAdviceforParentsD.ThegrowthofChildren9．（2024春•浦东新区校级期末）"Theworld'senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwereanexaminationtopic，moststudentswouldtearitapart，offeringalonglistofcomplaints：fromlocalsmogtoglobalclimatechange，from….Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate，theconcernreasonable.Yetthestudentswhoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare，nothowbad.Afterall，theworld'spopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury，andworldoutputhasrisenhugely，soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed，ifpeoplelived，consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900（or1950，orindeed1980），theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace：smelly，dirty，toxicanddangerous.Buttheydon't.Thereasonswhytheydon'tandwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenruined，havetodowithprices，technologicalinnovation，socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhytoday'senvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought，inprinciple，tobesolvable.Rawmaterialshavenotrunout，andshownosignofdoingso.Logically，onedaytheymust：theplanetisafiniteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig，andmanisveryintelligent.Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort，thepricehasrisenand，inresponse，peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply，triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial，orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreason，pricesforenergyandformineralshavevirtuallyfallenduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate（波动），inresponsetoharvests，naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability；andwhentheyrise，ittakessometimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo，assistedbynewfarmingandcroptechnology.Thelong﹣termtrendhasbeendownwards.Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthissoundtrendbeginstostumble（受挫），andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned，noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit.（1）Accordingtotheauthor，whywouldmoststudentstearthetestpaperapart？A.Becausetheyfinditchallengingtoanswertheexaminationtopic.B.Becausetheymaintainthattheenvironmentoftheworldisbetterthanexpected.C.Becausetheyfeelthetopicisagainsttheirknowledgeoftoday'senvironmentalproblems.D.Becausetheyhavenoideaaboutthecurrentsituationofglobalenvironment.（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthehugeincreaseinworldoutputandpopulation.A.hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein.B.hassignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment.C.hasmadetheenvironmentofpoornationsunsolvable.D.hasplayedaminorroleinaffectingtheenvironment.（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE？A.Therearefewalternativestorawmaterialsintheworld.B.Thelong﹣termtrendofpricesformaterialsandfoodisdownwards.C.Thepriceofenergyfluctuatesinresponsetochangeoffoodprice.D.Socialstabilitycanpromotetechnologicalinnovation.（4）Accordingtotheauthor，whatistheprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblems？A.Toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly.B.Tolimitconsumptionofnaturalresources.C.Tocontrolthegrowthoftheworldpopulation.D.Toencouragetechnologicalinnovation.10．（2024春•新郑市校级期末）IaskeverystudentIinterviewforadmissiontomyinstitution，PitzerCollege，thesamequestion，"Whatdoyoulookforwardtothemostincollege？"IwasamazedanddelightedrecentlywhenastudentsatacrossfrommeataStarbucksinNewYorkCityandreplied，"Ilookforwardtothepossibilityoffailure."Ofcourse，thisisnothowmoststudentsrespondtothequestionwhensittingbeforethepersonwhocanmakedecisionsabouttheiracademicfutures，butthisyoungmantookarisk."Yousee，myparentshaveneverletmefail，"hesaid."WhenIwanttotakeacha