高三英语大二轮复习1-1-4突破阅读理解第四讲顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测

A(2017·合肥市高三第一次质检)Manyyoungpeoplethesedaysadoretheadvertisedmagazinebodyandbeetoofocusedonattainingthisimageinsteadofworryingmoreaboutwhatlastsandevengrowsovertime.Butcouldyouimaginebeingconsideredbeautifulforyears,andsuddenlybeinguglyaftermovingtoanothercontinent?Itisasadrealitythatpeopledon'trealizehowvacillatingtheideaofbeautycanbefromonecountrytoanother.ThinkofthemosttypicalAmericangirlyouknow.Issheblonde­hairedwithwhiteskinandlightblueeyes，anddoessheloveshoppingorsports?NowplacethisgirlintheheartofAfrica，wherebeautyisplacedonwhatyoucancontrol.TheMaasaitribeinKenyafocusesonhowcleanpeopleare，andhowstylishtheirpiercings(穿孔)are.Thistribe'scultureistobeabravefighter，sotheywillcuttheirskinwithpatternsinittoshowthattheyarestrong.Ifyoudon'tlookfierce，youarenotbeautiful.OthercountrieslikeNorthKoreaandSouthKoreahavetheirownuniqueviewsonbeauty.Inaninterview，awomanwhohaslivedinbothNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaclaimsthatbeautyinNorthKoreaisbasedmoreonyourabilitytobeagoodwomanandwife.ShesaysthatwomeninNorthKoreaarelessconcernedaboutfashionandbeautyinthephysicalsense.Shesaystheydidhaveatimewhenbigeyeswereabigdealandeveryonewantedtogetdoubleeyelidsurgery.ThisissomethingextremeandcouldperhapsbeinfluencedbyWesternculture.Butdon'tyouthinktheideaofgettingsurgerydonetolookmoreattractiveiscrazy?1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vacillating”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Inconsistent. B．Reasonable.C．Unusual. D．Similar.2．TheMaasaitribeinKenyaismentionedtoshowthatintheireyes________.A．gettingdirtyisstylishB．lookingfierceisbeautifulC．strongpeoplecuttheirskinD．Americangirlsloveshopping3．Accordingtothewomaninterviewed，womeninNorthKoreanow________.A．carealotabouttheirappearanceB．putthebeautyofeyesinthefirstplaceC．paygreatattentiontotheirabilityD．arecrazyaboutdoubleeyelidsurgery4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Innerbeautyisofgreatimportance.B．Ideasofbeautyvaryamongculturegroups.C．Differentwaysareneededtoadmiretruebeauty.D．Fashionmagazineseasilyinfluenceyoungpeople.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了不同群体的文化差异使得人们对美的观点不尽相同。1．解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Butcouldyouimaginebeingconsideredbeautifulforyears，andsuddenlybeinguglyaftermovingtoanothercontinent？”可知，许多年里，你都被认为是美丽的，当你搬到另一个大陆时突然会被认为是难看的。由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化，因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人对美的观点是不一致的。inconsistent“不一致的”；reasonable“合理的”；unusual“不寻常的”；similar“相似的”。2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ifyoudon'tlookfierce，youarenotbeautiful”可知，肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。3．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“claimsthatbeautyinNorthKoreaisbasedmoreonyourabilitytobeagoodwomanandwife”可知，朝鲜的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。4．解析：选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Itisasadrealitythatpeopledon'trealizehowvacillatingtheideaofbeautycanbefromonecountrytoanother.”可知，不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的，即不同的文化群体对美的观点不尽相同。B(2017·郑州高中毕业班第一次质检)Itseemsthattechnologycouldbechangingtheplaceswherewelive.AprojectconductedbyJohannSiau，aseniorlecturerattheUniversityofHertfordshire'sSchoolofEngineeringandTechnology,hasbuiltontheuniversity'sInterHomeprojectaimedtocreateahomethatsupervisespeoplelivingathomewhoareweakorelderly.“We'vedevelopedawristbandtypeofdevice(装置)，”saidJohannSiau，“whichallowsustomonitortheconditionofanelderlyperson，orwhoeveriswearingthedevice.Itallowsustocollectdataofapersontoseeifthepersonhasfallenorisawayfromwheretheyaresupposedtobe.ItconnectsanelderlypersonwithanassistedlivingtypeofdevicewiththeInterHome.”Theassistedlivingprojectispartoftheuniversity'swiderInterHomeproject，whichisthedevelopmentofasmarthouse.Thehousestorestheusagepatternsofthepersonlivingthereandcanadapttomakingituseaslittleenergyaspossible.Connectingthetwotogetherandbuildingtheserviceelement(元素)allowustointroducetheassistedlivingideatocarefortheelderly.It'sveryimportantthatthesetechnologiesaretheretohelpandsupportratherthantoreplaceanyoftheexistingservices.TheInterHomeisnotjustaprototype(雏形)oravehicleforresearch.It'sastudytooltohelpstudentsfromdifferentscientificbackgroundslearnaboutanddeveloptechnology.TheInterHomebinesthelatestbroadbandtechnology，mobiledataandmunication.Researchersandstudentsmakesurethatallthetechnologyworkstogether.Studentsgetexperiencebydevelopingnewhardwareandsoftwarethemselves.Itrequiresavarietyofskillsfromstudents－electronicengineers，puterstudents，designstudentsandsoon.“ThepresentplanweareworkingonisasmarthomeprojectinWatfordwithsomemercialpanies，”saidJohannSiau.“Wearelookingathowasmarterhomecanprovideextravalueservices.”5．Theunderlinedword“supervises”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”．A．watchesover B．givessupporttoC．directs D．forts6．WhatistheInterHomeprojectintendedtodo?A．Callonthestudentstocareforoldpeople.B．Providebettercareandservicesfortheelderly.C．Carryoutalltheworktheexistingservicesdo.D．Develophousesthatmainlyaimtosaveenergy.7．WhatcanwelearnabouttheInterHomeprojectfromthearticle?A．Itisalargecollectionofmanyexistingtechnologies.B．Itisjustaplatformtohelpstudentstodoresearchwork.C．Itisasmarthomeprojectdevelopedbydifferentuniversities.D．Itallowsstudentstoputintouseandtryoutwhatthey'velearned.8．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorinwritingthisarticle?A．Tobuildupanewplatformforstudentstodevelopnewtechnology.B．Toshowhowfuturebuildingswillchangeelderlypeople'swayoflife.C．Todescribeanewprojectthataimstodevelopasmarthomefortheelderly.D．Tointroduceanewkindoftechnologytohelppeopletoenjoyabetterlife.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目．5．解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据文章第二段的“allowsustomonitortheconditionofanelderlyperson，orwhoeveriswearingthedevice”，并结合画线词所在句子的语境可推知，supervise，monitor，watchover同义。6．解析：选B。目的意图题。根据第一段的“InterHomeprojectaimedtocreateahomethatsupervisespeoplelivingathomewhoareweakorelderly.”和第二段的倒数第二句“Connectingthetwotogetherandbuildingtheserviceelement(元素)．..tocarefortheelderly”可知，这个项目旨在为老年人提供护理和服务。A项错在号召学生去护理老年人，根据第三段内容可知，这个项目给学生提供了一个很好的研究机会；C项错在完成现存的服务可以做的所有工作，根据文章第二段的“thesetechnologiesaretheretohelpandsupportratherthantoreplaceanyoftheexistingservices.”可知，这个项目是对现存服务提供支持和帮助的，而不是执行；根据第二段的“Thehousestorestheusagepatternsofthepersonlivingthereandcanadapttomakingituseaslittleenergyaspossible”可知，这个项目在操作中尽可能地节约能源，而不是本项目的目的，故排除D项。7．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句“It'sastudytooltohelpstudentsfromdifferentscientificbackgroundslearnaboutanddeveloptechnology.”可推知，这一项目有利于学生学习和开发技术。8．解析：选C。写作意图题。根据第一段的第二句“Aproject...hasbuiltontheuniversity'sInterHomeprojectaimedtocreateahomethatsupervisespeoplelivingathomewhoareweakorelderly”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。C(2017·云南毕业班统一检测)Mydoorbellringsat11a．m.Onthestep，IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.Sheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter，Nicole，boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole，whoiscurrentlyinShanghai，hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIamhavingheartsurgeryshortly，andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag－astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken，meatorshrimp.Thishasbeeanalmost­dailyoccurrence.municationbetweenmybenefactor(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthatshedoesn'tspeakEnglishandallIcansayinMandarinis“hello”．Once，shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescreen，whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallright.“Yourmotherjustcan'tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime，”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland，likeroastbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher，”Isaid.“Oh，no，”Nicolesaid.“Don'tworryaboutthat.Shehastocookforthefamilyanyway，andshewantstodoitforyou.YoucancallherWing，whichishersurname.”ThetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudentwhospeaksMandarinquitewell，sowithherhelp，IhavefoundoutthatWingis68－13yearsyoungerthanIam.Formypart，IwasraisedinwartimeBritain.Sohereweare，twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised，neitherofusabletospeaktheother'slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpapercarrierbag，handedsmilinglytomebyWing.RightnowIamworkingonsomemoreMandarinwords－it'stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness.“Thankyou”is，ofcourse，thefirstone，whichsomehowseemsinadequate.9.TheauthorandWinggottoknoweachother________.A．asnextdoorneighborsB．whenexchangingmealsC．bysharingsimilarexperiencesD．afterusinganiPadtomunicate10.Theunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph5probablymeans“________”．A．doaswell B．offergenerouslyC．giveinreturn D．acceptwithpleasure11．Theauthor'sefforttolearnMandarinshowsher________.A．greatsatisfaction B．realkindnessC．heartfeltthanks D．sincerefriendship【解题导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。9．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“Iknowthislady...Herdaughter，Nicole，boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。10．解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmotherjustcan'tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime”可知，作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。11．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it'stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness”可知，作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满足”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。D(2017·兰州高考诊断考试)Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience，bytestingandprovinganidea，orbyreasoning.Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning，it'snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaymunicationwithfriendsandco­workers.Unfortunately，passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsay(传闻)andrumor.DidyoueverplaythegameRumor？Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn'tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit，wordforword，toanotherperson.Thatperson，inturn，whispersittostillanother，andsoon，throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarepared.Typically，theoriginalmessagehaschanged.That'swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then，too，mostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory，tryingtoimproveonit，stampingitwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors：Astatementofopinionsbyonewritermayberestatedasthefactbyanother，whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue，unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.12．Accordingtothepassage，activelearningmayoccurin________.A．readingscientificjournalsB．listeningtotheteacherinclassC．doingachemicalexperimentD．watchingnewsprogrammesonTV13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．classroom B．newspaperC．activelearning D．passivelearning14．ThegameRumorismentionedinParagraph4inordertotellreadersthat________.A．playinggamescanmakepeoplemoreactiveB．peopletendtoliketellinglieswhenplayinggamesC．amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonD．peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearing15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Scholarsandauthorscan'tbetrusted.B．Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.C．Peoplelik