高中英语北师大版必修五学案Unit15LearningPeriodFourLesson4

PeriodFourLesson4UnderstandingⅠ.单词自测1．acquirevt.获得，得到2．thinkingn．思考，考虑thinkern．思想家thoughtn．思想，想法3．worthyadj.值得的worthadj.值得的4．defencen．保卫，保护defendvi.&vt.保卫，防守5．ignorevt.忽视，不理睬ignorancen．无知，愚昧6．unwillingadj.不情愿的，不愿意的willingadj.情愿的，愿意的7．assumptionn．假定，假设assumevt.假定，假设8．approvev．批准；赞成；认可approvaln．批准；赞成；认可；满意9．urgen．&vt.催促，强烈要求10．inspirev．启发；鼓舞inspirationn．灵感，鼓舞11．conventionaladj.符合习惯的，传统的，保守的conventionn．惯例，习俗12．civilisationn．文明，文化civilisevt.使文明，使开化13．vitaladj.极其重要的14．beneficialadj.有用的，有益的benefitvt.使受益Ⅱ.短语自测1．tostartwith开始2．beaccustomedto习惯于3．goagainst反对，违背4．tendto经常做，倾向于5．putforward提出；将……提前6．approveof赞成，赞许7．putsb.intoprison把某人投进监狱8．inotherwords换句话说1．ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这毫不奇怪，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－322)提出来的。2．Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon’tknowitallandprobablyneverwill，forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions.我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得我们不是什么都懂，也许将来也不会什么都懂，因为那样的话(如果我们什么都懂)，那将意味着世界上没有什么问题了。3．Bentendstoliewheneverhefeelshemightgetintotrouble.每当本感到会有麻烦的时候，他常会撒谎。Ⅰ.根据课文选择最佳答案1．Whatisthefirststeptoacquireknowledgeandunderstanding?A．Tofindanswers.B．Tostudythefacts.C．Totestanswers.D．Toputforwardquestions.答案D2．Whosolve/solvedproblemsbythinkingandanalysingaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplenowadays.B．Peopleinthe17thcentury.C．Modernscientistsandthinkers.D．ThegreatphilosopherAristotle.答案C3．Peopleinthe17thcenturydidn’tbelieveGalileoGalileibecause.A．theybelievedmoreinreligionB．theEarthwasstandingstillC．BaconputforwardtheviewthattheEarthmustbethecenteroftheuniverseD．Galileicouldn’tprovehisviewthattheEarthwasnotthecenteroftheuniverse答案A4．What’stheaimofthewriterwhenAristotleandGalileiarereferredtointhefourthparagraph?A．Aristotlewaswrong.B．It’sunbelievableforgreatmentobewrong.C．Galileiwaswrong.D．Everyonecanbewrongattimes.答案D5．What’sthemainideaofthesentence“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered；thepointistodiscoverthem.”？A．Alltruthsareeasytodiscover.B．It’smostimportanttodiscovertruths.C．It’smoreimportanttounderstandtruthsthantodiscoverthem.D．Ifwewanttodiscovertruths，weshouldfirstunderstandthem.答案BⅡ.课文语法填空“Whoquestionsmuch，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvious1.howweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.2.However，inthe17thcentury，peoplebelievedmoreinreligion3.thaninfacts.Peoplewithscientificnewideasmaybepunishedbythechurch.Asaresult，peopletendedtoignorethefactsandwere4.unwilling(will)tochallenge5.whattheyhadbelieved.Tilltoday，peoplestillfeelthatifsomeoneimportantand6.respected(respect)saysthatsomethingisright，thenitmustbe7.so.ButsometimesgreatmensuchasAristotleandGalileimightmakemistakes.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusis8.constantly(constant)growingandchanging.Inotherwords，welearnmoreeverydayand9.noneofuscansimplysay，“Weknowitall.”“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncethey10.arediscovered(discover)；thepointistodiscoverthem.”saidGalileoGalilei.1．Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwaysfortablybelieved.教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。[归纳拓展](1)ignorevt.忽视，不顾；不理睬(2)ignorantadj.无知的，不知道的beignorantof/about...对……不了解；对……无知(3)ignorancen．无知；不知情beinignoranceof/aboutsth.不知道某事(1)Wehadignoredthefactthatitwasgettingdarker.我们忽略了天越来越黑这一事实。(2)Isaidhellotoher，butsheignoredmepletely.我向她打招呼，她却根本不理我。(3)Hisfailureresultedfromhisignorance.他的失败是因为无知。[易混辨析]ignore/neglect/overlookignore通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。[即时跟踪](1)用ignore，neglect，overlook的适当形式填空①Wecouldnotaffordtooverlooksuchaseriousoffence.②Heutterlyignoredmywarningsandmetwithanaccident.③Don’tneglecttopayhimavisitnowandthen.(2)Ignored(ignore)byhisparentsforlong，Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappearsnottobebotheredaboutit.(3)Nodrivercanpretendtobeignorant(ignore)ofspeedlimits.2．Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。[归纳拓展](1)assumptionn．假设，假定makeanassumption/assumptionsabout对……作出假设，假定(2)assumevt.假设，假定；认为assumesb./sth.tobe...假定/假设/认为某人/物是……assumethat...假设……，认为……Itisassumedthat...人们认为……(3)assuming(that)．..假定/假如……，类似的表达有provided/providing/supposing(that)．..(1)AlotofpeoplemaketheassumptionthatpovertyonlyexistsintheThirdWorld.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。(2)IhavealwaysassumedhertobeanAmerican.我一直以为她是美国人。(3)Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.一般认为，紧张是工作过重所致。(4)Assumingthatitistrue，whatshouldwedonow?假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？[即时跟踪](1)Mycalculationswerebasedontheassumption(assume)thathousepriceswouldremainsteady.(2)Assuming(assume)youareadoctor，whatshouldyoudowiththematter?(3)ItisassumedthattheywilleventuallyjointheEU.人们认为他们最终会加入欧盟。3．Atfirst，peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue，butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong，theygrewangryandputhiminprison.起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们生气了，并把他关进了监狱。[归纳拓展1](1)approvevt.赞成，同意；赞许；vi.批准；认可approveof赞成，赞许(2)approvaln．认可，同意，赞同inapproval表示同意/赞同[易混辨析]agree/approveagree普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。approve侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与of连用。(1)Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplan.市议会批准了这项建筑计划。(2)Noteachercanapproveofcheatinginexams.任何教师都不能允许考试作弊。(3)Ihopethearrangementsmeetwithyourapproval.我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。(4)Shelookedathersoninapproval.她赞同地看着她的儿子。(5)Idon’tagreewithPhilonmanythings.我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。[即时跟踪1](1)Personally，Idoapprovestudentswritingblogs.(单句改错)approve后加of(2)Theprincipalsaysthateveryonehasasay；that’swherewestudentsdisapprove.(3)Shefeltquiteexcitedwithsomanypeopleapprovingofherdecision.有这么多人赞同她的决定，她感到很激动。[归纳拓展2](1)urgevt.力劝，强烈要求urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进urgeon...极力主张……，强调……urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgesb.(into)doingsth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张；强调……Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.坚决要求……(2)urgentadj.紧急的(3)urgencyn．紧急，紧迫(1)Heurgedonhispupilstheimportanceofhardwork.他向学生们强调用功的重要性。(2)ThedoctorurgedmetohaveanX­raytest，andthen，hecouldmakeaconclusion.医生劝我做一个X光检查，然后他才能得出结论。(3)Iurgedthatwe(should)takeimmediateactiontopreventsuchthingshappeningagain.我极力主张应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再发生。[即时跟踪2](1)Incaseofurgency(urge)，callthepolice.(2)Theywereurgent(urge)intheirdemands.(3)他催我们走。(一句多译)①Heurgedustogo.②Heurgedourgoing.③Heurgedthatweshouldgo.4．ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim，hewaswrongattimes.但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。[归纳拓展](1)inspirev．鼓舞；启发inspiresb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.(＝inspiresth.insb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)(2)inspiredadj.获得灵感的；受到鼓舞的(3)inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(4)inspirationn．鼓舞；启发；灵感(1)Theteacherinspiredustomakegreaterefforts.老师鼓励我们更加努力。(2)Hisspeechinspiredustotryagain.他的话语激励我们再次尝试。(3)Allofuswereinspiredbyhisinspiringspeech.我们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲所鼓励。[即时跟踪](1)Foundedintheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.这所学校创建于20世纪早期，一直激励着孩子们对艺术的热爱。(2)Withinspiration(inspire)fromotherfoodcultures，Americanfoodculturecantakeaturnforthebetter.(3)Forthe150yearssincehispassing,onegenerationafteranotherhasbeeninspired(inspire)byhiswritings.5．Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor；morevitaltoaman，andmorebeneficialtomankind，somemightsay，thanallthemoneyintheworld.他们懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情。有人说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。[归纳拓展]beneficialadj.有用的，有益的benefitv．有益于，得益于；n.益处，好处benefitfrom/by...从……中受益forthebenefitofsb.＝forsb.’sbenefit为了某人的利益bebeneficial/ofbenefitto...对……有益(1)Itisanexpensiveinvestmentbutitwillbenefitthepanyinthelongrun.这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它将对公司有好处。(2)Sunshineandfreshairarebeneficial/ofbenefittoyourrecoveryfromillness.阳光和新鲜空气对你的病情恢复有益。(3)ThemethodoflearningEnglishisofmuchbenefitandIbelieveIcanbenefitfromit.这种学习英语的方法很有益，我坚信我能从中受益。(4)Ihavetypedoutsomelecturenotesforthebenefitofthosepeoplewhowereabsentlastweek.我帮上周缺席的人打印了一些上课的要点。[即时跟踪](1)用benefit的适当形式填空①Thenewregulationswillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.②Weshouldspendthemoneyonsomethingthatwillbenefiteveryone.③Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.(2)据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大益处。(一句多译)①Itissaidthatyogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.②Itissaidthatyogaisverybeneficialtohumanhealth.1．AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus...尽管我们现在更习惯于用搜索引擎输入几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案……[归纳拓展]beaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)get/beeaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)accustomvt.使习惯于accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事(1)Hesaidthathewasaccustomedtomakingimportantdecisions.他说他善于作重要的决定。(2)Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations.我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。[即时跟踪](1)I’mnotaccustomedtogetting(get)upsoearly.(2)Ittookhimawhiletoaccustomtotheidea.(单句改错)accustom后加himself(3)TheoldmanhasbeeaccustomedtolivingwithoutTV.这位老人已经习惯了没有电视的生活。2．Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwaysfortablybelieved.教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。[归纳拓展](1)tendtodosth.往往会做某事，倾向于做某事tendto/towardssth.趋向做某事，倾向于做某事tend(to)sb./sth.照料，照管(2)tendencyn．倾向；趋势haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事(1)Thegymtendstogetverybusyataboutsixo’clock.健身房6点钟左右往往很热闹。(2)Itendtoyouropiniontoacertainextent.一定程度上我倾向于你的观点。(3)Motherbeingill，hehadtotendherathome.母亲病了，他得在家照料她。[即时跟踪](1)Ihaveatendency(tend)totalktoomuchwhenI’mnervous.(2)Schoolstendtobejudgedbytheperformanceoftheirstudentsinexams.人们常以学生的考试成绩来判断其学校的好坏。(3)Whendriversaretired，theytendtomakemistakes.司机疲惫时，他们经常犯错。3．ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的，这毫不奇怪。[归纳拓展]putforward提出；向前移；将……提前；将钟表拨快；拿出，出示putaway储存，收起来放好putdown写下；镇压putoff推迟puton穿上；上演，装出(某种样子)；增加(体重)putout扑灭，熄灭putup挂起，举起；贴；供给……住宿putupwith忍受(1)Heputforwardabetterplan.他提出了一个更好的计划。(2)CanIputyou/yournameforwardforgolfclubsecretary?我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？[即时跟踪](1)用put的相关短语填空①Theyputupaboardwheretheycouldputupnotices.②Whatagoodsuggestionyouhaveputforward!③Mymotheropenedthedrawertoputawaytheknivesandspoons.④Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.⑤Idon’tknowhowyouputupwiththeirconstantquarrelling.(2)AnargumenthasputforwardthatsomeuserswillbedisappointedbyRealCinebecauseVRisnotreal.(单句改错)has和put之间加beenItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384—322BC)．人们愿意相信这些古老的见解。因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的，这毫不奇怪。[归纳拓展]Itisnotsurprisingthat...表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。“It’s＋adj.＋that...”常用来表示“……令人感到……”。it作形式主语的句型还有：(1)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported等)＋that...(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear等)＋that...(3)It＋be＋名词短语(apity，nowonder等)＋that...(1)Itisnotsurprisingthatyourcousinhasn’tpassedtheexam.你堂兄没通过这次考试不足为奇。(2)Itwassaidthathehadwonthefirstprize.据说他获得了一等奖。(3)Ithappenedthatwewerealloutthatday.碰巧那天我们都不在家。(4)It’sapitythatGeorgecan’tmakeittotheparty.真遗憾，乔治不能来参加这次聚会了。[即时跟踪](1)Itwasneverclearwhythemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.(2)It’sawonderthatheeverreachedParis，becausehesetoffonly5inhispocket.(3)Itisamazingthattheboyisabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.那个男孩能这样快地解决这道题，真是令人惊奇。Ⅰ.语境填词A．根据首字母或汉语提示写出所缺单词1．WhenIsawJane，Istoppedandsmiled，butsheignoredmeandwalkedaway.2．Heisneverunwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.3．Mr.Smithgraduallyacquired(获得)aknowledgeofthesubject.4．Beckystoodupinherbrother’sdefence，sayin