高三英语大二轮复习第三讲形容词和副词

第3讲形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。eq\a\vs4\al(——如何确定填形容词、副词的比较级还是最高级)判定方法应用体验当括号中所给提示词是形容词或副词，而空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。①(2017·浙江高考)Sixteenyearsearlier(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.③(2017·绵阳市模拟)TheLondonUndergroundistheoldest(old)undergroundrailwaynetworkintheworld.eq\a\vs4\al(——形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常考点)自主练悟谨记规律①(2017·桂林市联考)Tothem,lifeisapetition—theyhavetodobetter(good)thantheirpeerstobehappy.②(2017·菏泽市模拟)Peoplewhoforgiveshowless(little)angerandmorehopefulness.③(2017·成都市模拟)IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultinmore(much)fighting.④(2017·上饶市模拟)Mylifeisaloteasier(easy)athighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedme.⑤(2017·揭阳市模拟)Certainstoresofferdiscountsofupto70%orevenhigher(high)ifpeopleusetheircreditcards.⑥(2017·淮北市模拟)Themoreyouthinkaboutit,theharder(hard)youwillfallasleep.⑦(2017·安徽师大附中阶段性测试)Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasajoy.Theycouldn’tbehappier(happy)whenseeingme.⑧(2017·成都市检测)Itistheoldest(old)andonlysurvivingno­damirrigationsystemintheworld.⑨(2017·绵阳市模拟)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifthlargest(large)continentintheworld.eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))(2017·银川九中模拟)Ofallthecitiesintheworld,oneofthetopsixhealthiest(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen,Denmark.1.比较级常考查的五种情况(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级。(3)当空格前有表示程度的词如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等词时，需填比较级。(4)表示“越……就越……”用“the＋比较级...,the＋比较级...”结构。(5)否定词＋比较级＝最高级2.最高级的考查(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in,of,among等。(2)当空格前有thesecond/third...,oneof...等词时，需填最高级。自主练悟谨记规律①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.earlier→early②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.worse→worst③(2016·四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.favoritest→favorite④(2017·牡丹江市模拟)What’sbad,thedriver’sinformationmightbeunreliable.bad→worse⑤(2017·成都市模拟)Anyway,I’llgetusedtolivinghereandhopeeverythingwillbemorebettersoon.去掉more或more→much⑥(2017·九江市模拟)LocatedinNorthAmerica,Canadaisthesecondlargecountrywiththelargestnumberoflakesintheworld.large→largest1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用。2.有些词本身就含有最高级含义，不能再用最高级，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。3.比较级的重复：若形容词和副词后面加了­er，前面就不能再用more。4.固定结构中比较级的错用，如what’smore,what’sworse等。eq\a\vs4\al(——如何确定填形容词还是副词)判定方法应用体验1.当所给词为形容词时，除了比较等级外，主要考查转化为副词。反之亦然。2.作定语修饰名词时应用形容词；作状语修饰动词时常用副词。①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.②(2017·浙江高考)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticedashiny/shining(shine)object.③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.④(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)Youwillhaveawonderful(wonderfully)timeandgetusedtothelifesoon.eq\a\vs4\al(——形容词变副词的规则)自主练悟谨记规律①(2017·六盘山市模拟)It’smonly(mon)knownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.②(2017·邢台市模拟)Hewontheracebyperseveranceandbypushingonsteadily(steady)．③(2017·吉林市普通中学调研测试)Agoodmemoryisofgreathelp,butitisnotenoughsimply(simple)tomemorizerulesfromagrammarbook.④(2017·成都市模拟)Second,theyhopetobeeconomically(economic)independentandbuywhatevertheyneed.1.一般情况加­lymon→monlyimmediate→immediately2.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加­lysteady→steadilybusy→busily3.以­le结尾，去掉e加­ysimple→simplygentle→gently4.以­ic结尾，加­allyeconomic→economicallyscientific→scientifically自主练悟谨记规律①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.freely→free②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Much→Many③(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.去掉very④(2013·四川高考)Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardlytodoit.hardly→hard⑤(2017·淮北市模拟)Bysharing,wecanoftengreatreduceoursadnessanddoubleourhappiness.great→greatly⑥(2017·潍坊实验中学检测)Obviously,theaccidentwascausedbyacarelessneighborlivinghighlyinanapartment.highly→high1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用(1)意近引起