Section Ⅵ　Writing高中英语外研版（2019）必修 第一册

SectionⅥWriting目录写作项目——Writingasummary课时跟踪检测写作项目——Writingasummary本课时的写作任务是写摘要，属于概要写作的范畴。该写作项目旨在培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。通过对主要事件的精要梳理，运用高度凝练的语言，让读者简明扼要地把握和了解事情的起因、过程和结果。写作技法指导第一步：读文章——知晓体裁、明确主旨进行概要写作时，首先要阅读所提供的文章，确定文章的体裁和主题。如本文，通过快速阅读文章各段的首句或尾句，可知文章是一篇说明文，主要讲的是英国人饮用水果茶和花草茶的习惯。第二步：析结构——划分段落、确定要点读完文章，把握主旨后，应迅速分析一下文章的结构。概要写作类文章的结构多为“总分、分总、总分总或并列”结构。然后把文章的自然段按意义进行划分，确定要写的要点数量(一般为3－4个要点)。本文共分三个自然段，分别讲述了英国人对水果茶和花草茶的喜爱(第1段)，各种不同口味的水果、花草茶(第2段)，以及花草茶对健康的好处(第3段)。由此可以确定本文应有三个要点。第三步：提信息——找主旨句、圈关键词在分析好文章的结构后，要按照文章的段落找出每一段的主旨句，并圈出一些能体现段落大意的关键词。说明文和议论文的主旨句多在段首或段尾，但也有位于段中或无主旨句的情况。另外，文章的每一段中也可以按主旨信息、主要信息、次要信息和冗余信息来划分。提取信息时，要忽略冗余信息，也就是与主旨无关的一些细节信息。本文各段的主旨句和关键词如下：段落主旨句关键词第一段段首第一句growtheirveryownteagardens,planteasy-to-growherbs第二段段首第二句lemon，ginger：longbepopular;unusualflavours第三段段首第一句varioushealthbenefits第四步：拟草稿——逐句分析、高度概括分析找出的段落主旨句和关键词所在的信息句，对这些句子在不改变原意的基础上进行高度概括、同义替换或重构句式，使其符合原文的本意。本文主旨句和关键信息句提炼如下：段落主旨句关键信息句第一段Britishpeoplelovetomaketeawithfruitandherbs.Manypeoplegrowtheirveryownteagardens,inwhichtheyplanteasy-to-growherbs.概括转换：Britishpeoplelovetomaketeawithfruitandherbs.Manypeopleplanteasy-to-growherbsintheirveryownteagardens.续表第二段Moreandmoreunusualflavourscomeontothemarket.Lemonandgingerhavelongbeenpopular.Fruitteasnowincludemango,strawberry,appleandpear.Herbalteasincludeblackberryleafanddandelion.概括转换：Flavoursoffruitandherbalteasincludetraditionallemonandginger,aswellasmanyunusualflavourssuchasmango,strawberry,apple,pear,blackberryleafanddandelion.第三段Herbalteahelpsyourelax.Herbalteahasvarioushealthbenefits.Somegingerteagivesyourimmunesystemahelpinghand.Mintteaisgoodfordigestion.概括转换：Herbalteahasvarioushealthbenefits.Somecanhelppeoplerelax,andsomelikegingertea,aregoodfortheimmunesystem,whileothers,suchasminttea,arebeneficialfordigestion.续表第五步：酿佳作——修正失误、衔接成文在拟好概要写作的草稿后，添加适当的过渡词、句，将概括转换后的各要点衔接成文。然后通读复查，根据语法知识修正所写的概要中可能出现的一些诸如拼写、时态、标点、连接词等方面的错误。同时，根据文章的主旨大意，核实一下所写的要点是否齐全。另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。本篇概要写作最终成文如下：Britishpeoplelovetomaketeawithfruitandherbs.Suchahabitissopopularthatmanypeopleplanteasy-to-growherbsintheirveryownteagardens.(要点1)Therearemanyflavoursoffruitandherbalteas,includingtraditionalandunusualflavours.(要点2)Asidefromthevarietyofflavours,herbalteaalsohasvarioushealthbenefits.Somecanhelppeoplerelax,andsomearegoodfortheimmunesystem,whileothersarebeneficialfordigestion.(要点3)(说明：加蓝部分为添加的衔接性词、句)关键能力强化概要写作是对原文内容的提炼、概括、精加工，一般不能照抄原文词句，需对原文词句进行变换，以达到提炼文内重要信息，简明表达的效果。词句变换主要表现在以下几个方面。1．同义替换①begoodto有益于：benefit②toomuch过多的：excessive③thesameas与……一样：likewise④about关于：concerning,regarding⑤actually事实上：infact,asamatteroffact,inreality⑥aimat旨在：beaimedat,beintendedto,bemeantto⑦appear出现：appearance,turnup,showup⑧approach靠近，临近：comenear,drawnear,aroundthecorner2．词性转换①recognizeyourchild→parents'recognition②stronglyagainst→strongopposition③important→ofgreatimportance④beanxiousabout→showanxietyabout⑤withangry→angrily3．句式变化(1)主、被动语态变换Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Itiswidelyacceptedthatcomputersaremoreusedintheworldtoday.(2)简单句合并为复合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.随堂针对练笔阅读短文，按下面提示列出提纲，然后合并修正，串连成篇。Lifehasbecomedifficultinmanyvillages,andsomearedisappearing.Thereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Firstly,youngpeoplefromvillagesusuallywanttolivesomewherelivelierandtheyoftenmovetothetownsanddonotreturn.Secondly,peoplemovetothecitiestofindjobs,asthereareoftenveryfewjobsinthecountryside.Sometimesvillagesremainbecausepeoplefromthecitieshaveboughtasecondhomeinthevillage,wheretheycomeandstayatweekends.Thepriceofhomesgoesupandpeoplefromtheareacannotaffordtobuyahousethere.Anotherproblemisthatitisbecomingmoreandmoredifficultforfarmerstomakemoneyfromtheirfarms.Sotheyselltheirlandandfindanotherjob.1．主旨：_________________________________________2．要点1：_________________________3．要点2：________________________________4．要点3：_______________the

youth

move

to

the

townsvillagers

go

to

the

cities

to

find

jobsfarmland

is

soldreasonsforthedisappearanceofsomevillages5．用适当的连接词串连成篇：There

exist

many

reasons

for

the

disappearance

of

some

villages.(要点1)

To

begin

with,

the

youth

move

to

the

towns

for

more

interesting

life

and

never

return.(要点2)

Besides,

villagers

go

to

the

cities

to

search

for

jobs.(要点3)

Additionally,

farmland

is

sold

because

money

is

hard

to

make

for

farmers

from

their

farms.(要点4)课时跟踪检测[写作专项训练]Ⅰ.完成句子1．为了使整个世界成为一个美丽的花园，我们应该与大自然融为一体。(beatonewith)Tomakethewholeworldbecomeabeautifulgarden,______________________________.we

should

beat

one

with

nature2．呵护环境是全世界的首要任务。(priority)Caringfortheenvironmentis

fortheworld.3．我国政府的措施见证了许多积极变化。(see)Ourgovernment'smeasures

.a

top

priorityhave

seen

many

positive

changes4．作为一个公民，我们不妨尝试获得高超的种植技能，把我们的屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园，与自然和谐共存。(分词作状语)Asacitizen,wemightaswelltry

,

ourrooftopsandwalls

andcoexisting________________________.to

acquire

green

fingersturninginto

private

gardensin

harmony

withnatureⅡ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你要参加一个名为“LowCarbonLife”的主题演讲，请你写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：1．提出低碳生活的产生背景；2．给出具体的低碳生活方式建议；3．呼吁大家都采取低碳生活方式。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：LowCarbonLifeInrecentyears,globalwarminggetsmoreandmoreattention.Anewlifestyleoccurs—lowcarbonlife.Whatcanwedotolivealowcarbonlife?First,remembertoturnofflightsandthetapswhenyoudonotusethem.Second,usetheenergy-savinglamps.Besides,whenwegoout,takepublictransportasmuchaspossible,toreducegasemissionsandtoeasethetransportingpressures.Allinall,therearemanyotherthingswecandotolivealowcarbonlife.Ifeveryonecankeepthislifestylefromnowon,itwillgreatlychangethesituationandourhomewillbemorebeautiful.Ⅲ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Someyearsago,writinginmydiaryusedtobeausualactivity.Iwouldreturnfromschoolandspendtheexpectedhalfanhourrecordingtheday'sevents,feelings,andimpressionsinmylittlebluediary.Ididnotreallyneedtoexpressmyemotionsbywayofwords,butIgainedacertainsatisfactionfromseeingmyexperiencesforeverrecordedonpaper.Afterall,isn'taccumulatingmemoriesawayofpreservingthepast?WhenIwasthirteenyearsold,Iwentonalongjourneyonfootinagreatvalley,well-equippedwithpens,adiary,andacamera.Duringthetrip,Iwasbusyrecordingeveryincident,nameandplaceIcameacross.Ifeltproudtobespendingmytimeproductively,dutifullypreservingforfuturegenerationsadetaileddescriptionofmytravels.Onmylastnightthere,Iwanderedoutofmytent,diaryinhand.Theskywasclearandlitbytheglareofthemoon,andthewallsofthevalleylookedthreateningbehindtheirscreenofshadows.Iautomaticallytookoutmypen...Atthatpoint,IunderstoodthatnothingIwrotecouldevermatchorreplacethefewsecondsIallowedmyselftoexperiencethedramaticbeautyofthevalley.AllIrememberedofthepreviousfewdayswerethedullcharacterizationsIhadsetdowninmydiary.Now,IonlywriteinmydiarywhenIneedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling.Istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks,orobservationsthatareparticularlymeaningful.Itakepictures,butnotveryoften—onlyofobjectsIfindreallybeautiful.I'mnolongerblindlysatisfiedwithhavingsomethingtorememberwhenIgrowold.IrealizethatlifewillsimplypassmebyifIstaybehindthecamera,busypreservingthepresentsoastoliveitinthefuture.Idon'twanttowakeuponedayandhavenothingbutapileofpicturesandnotes.MaybeIwon'thaveasmanyexactrepresentationsofpeopleandplaces;maybeI'llforgetcertainfacts,butatleasttheexperienceswillalwaysremaininsideme.Idon'tlivetomakememories—Ijustlive,andthememoriesformthemselves.参考范文：Theauthorhadmadeitaroutinetokeepadetaileddiaryofher/hiseverydaylifetostorememories.(要点1)Thatchangedafteratriptoavalley,whereshe/herealizedbreathtakingscenerywasmeanttobefeltwithheartratherthanwrittendownmechanically.(要点2)Thus,she/hehasbecomeselectiveaboutwhattoputinher/hisdiary,(要点3)focusingonthepresentinsteadofbusyingherself/himselfwithrecordingmemoriesforthepastorthefuture.(要点4)[阅读拓展训练]阅读七选五Theincreasingenvironmentalproblemsandneedforeco-friendlyproductsandservicesarecreatinganewjobsectionofgreen-collarjobs.1Itisexpectedthatby2025about25%ofthejobsindevelopedcountrieswillbeofgreen-collarjobs.Doesn'tthedatalookpromisingforthefuture?2Andjobswillpopupateveryincomelevel,fromenvironmentalmanagertogardener.Forexample,manycountriesincludingtheUnitedStateshaveunderstoodthatfossilfuelshavenegativeeffectontheenvironmentwhichcanlaterbecomeaseriousdangertomankind.3Theincreasingdemandofnewerresourceshascreatedtheneedforexpertsandresearcherswhocanfindbetterwaystodealwiththeongoingneeds.Inaddition,inordertomeettheincreasingdemandsofenvironment-friendlyequipment,bothgreenproductdesignerandeducatedandtrainedworkersareneeded.Managementofenvironmentalorganizationsalsodemandsalargenumberofenvironmentalmanagers.4TheInternetisundoubtedlythebestwaytofindinformationonalmostanymatter.Nowadays,differentkindsofjobsarebeingpostedonline.Searchthroughacoupleofjobwebsitestolookforabrigh