江苏省南通市如皋中学2024-2025学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

PAGE1英语试卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Frightening.B.Interesting.C.Boring.2.Wheredoesthemancomefrom?A.America.B.France.C.Australia.3.Whatsportdoesthewomanlike?A.Skating.B.Skiing.C.Swimming.4.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Fixhercar.B.Giveheraride.C.Completethework.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Interests.B.Health.C.Studies.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。6.Whatisthemanbusydoing?A.Comfortingthewoman.B.Lookingintotheaccident.C.Findingthedamagedbike.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthedriver?A.Hedidn'tdrivefast.B.Hemanagedtosaveaboy.C.Hehadapoorviewoftheroad.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。8.Whatdoesthemanhavetodothisafternoon?A.Haveameeting.B.Seeadoctor.C.Meetalawyer.9.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Answerphonecalls.B.Sendsomedocuments.C.Cancelanappointment.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。10.HowmanypeoplearethereinPeter'sfamily?A.3.B.4.C.5.11.Whendothewholefamilywalkthedog?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.12.WhatdoesPeterdoathome?听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。A.Dothelaundry.B.Cookfood.C.Sweepthefloor.13.Whatisthewoman?A.Asecretary.B.Atourguide.C.Atravelagent.14.Howlongwillthevacationlast?A.Aweek.B.Tendays.C.Twoweeks.15.HowmuchisthepackagetourtoAustraliaperperson?A.$300.B.$500.C.$1,000.16.Whywon'tthemangotoAustralia?A.Itisn'twarmenough.B.Thecostisabithigh.C.Hewantstogosomewherefarther.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。17.WhenisthefirstmeetingoftheGardenClubthisyear?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.18.What'stheaimoftheGardenClub?A.Toteachstudentstogrowfood.B.Topromotehealthyandorganicfood.C.Togrowfoodfortheschool.19.Whatwillbeservedatthefirstmeeting?A.Cabbages.B.Cucumbers.C.Tomatoes.20.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-yearstudents?A.Theycanonlyworkintheschoolgarden.B.Theyarenotallowedtojointheclub.C.Theywilltakecontrolofcommunitygarden.第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOnlineeventsarevirtualandhighlyinteractive,wherepeoplecometogethertolearnandhaveagoodtimeontheweb.Findanonlineeventtoenjoy.Nomatterwhatyou’relookingfor,there’sonethat’sjustrightforyou.·ChocolateDonuts-FreeWorkshopOrganizer:BAKEITUP!&LorenaPrice:FreeTime:3:00pm—4:30pm,March10Joinmeandlearnhowtomakethissupereasydessert.Thesechocolatedonutsbakedwithacakeytexture(口感)aresoftandofcoursedelicious.Dipped(蘸)insomechocolate,thesedonutswillbejusttheperfectgiftforyourfriendsorfamily!TheworkshopwillbeliveonFacebook&Instagram.·SweetDreamsPJPartyOrganizer:SecretDanceAddictionPrice:FreeTime:9:00pm—12:00pm,March9Feelhealthier,moreenergeticandmorealiveasyourediscoverwhatitmeanstoDREAMwithanexpert-ledsessiononthepowerofrest.Rechargeyourbatteriesandthendanceyourselfintoadreamstatewithanexcitingdanceparty.Wearyourpajamas(睡衣).ThisisaPJparty,afterall!·ChamberMusicConcertOrganizer:SandsFilmsMusicRoomPrice:FreeTime:4:00pm—6:00pm,March8Asspringbringshopeofwarmerdays,SandsFilmscelebratesInternationalWoman’sDaywithaprogramofmusicfromwomencomposers(作曲家)inspiredbythespiritoftheBelleEpoque.1.WhatcanyoudoifyoujointheChocolateDonutsevent?A.Getachocolatedonutforfree.B.Learnhowtomakechocolatedonuts.C.Shareyourexperienceofmakingdonuts.D.Makefriendswithpeoplewholovechocolatedonuts.2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthe“SweetDreamsPJParty”?A.Toteachbakingskills. B.Tohostadancecompetition.C.Tocontributetohealthysleephabits. D.TocelebrateInternationalWomen’sDay.3.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthethreeevents?A.Theyareallfreeofcharge. B.Theyallinvolvephysicalactivities.C.Theyalltakeplaceduringthedaytime. D.Theyareallrelatedtofoodanddrinks.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三个有趣的免费在线活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据•ChocolateDonuts-FreeWorkshop中“Joinmeandlearnhowtomakethissupereasydessert.Thesechocolatedonutsbakedwithacakeytexturearesoftandofcoursedelicious.”（和我一起学习如何制作这个超级简单的甜点。这些巧克力甜甜圈烤得像蛋糕一样柔软，当然也很美味。）可知，如果你参加巧克力甜甜圈活动，你能学习如何做巧克力甜甜圈。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据•SweetDreamsPJParty中“Feelhealthier,moreenergeticandmorealiveasyourediscoverwhatitmeanstoDREAMwithanexpert-ledsessiononthepowerofrest.Rechargeyourbatteriesandthendanceyourselfintoadreamstatewithanexcitingdanceparty.”（在专家主持的关于休息的力量的会议中，当你重新发现做梦的意义时，你会感觉更健康、更有活力、更有活力。给自己充电，然后参加一场令人兴奋的舞会，让自己进入梦幻状态。）可推知，“甜蜜之梦PJ派对”的主要目的是促进健康的睡眠习惯。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据这三个活动中共同的信息Price:Free（价格：免费）可知，这三个活动的共同特点是都是免费的。故选A项。BMybreakoutfashionmomenthappenedinthefourthgrade.Onthisparticularday,Iwasreallyfeelingmyself.Ipulledonwildlycolorfultights(紧身衣)andablackruffled(有褶边的)skirt,followedbyalightgreenT-shirtwithdarkpurpledots.ThenIaddedmyfinaltouch…apairofyellowrainboots.Iclimbedontotheschoolbus,smilingandfeelinglikeatotalstar.ButwhenIgotoffthebus,myfriendJohnlookedmeupanddownandsaid,“Whatareyouwearing!?”Everyoneturnedandlookedatme,andIwasdiscouraged.Tobefair,Johnwasn’ttryingtobemean.Hewasjustshocked.Butwhilemyego(自尊)tookaminutetorecover,arebellious(叛逆的)voiceinthebackofmymindsaid,“No,I’mnotshowinguplikeeveryoneelse.”Stylehasalwayslitmeupandfeltkeytomylifeonthisplanet.Andthroughallmyyears,thatlittlevoicehasremained.“I’mnotshowinguplikeeveryoneelse.”Butthetruthis,itisn’taboutclothes.It’saboutapowerfulneedtobeacceptedbytheworldasmytrueself.Personalstyleisn’taboutbeingrebelliousinordertodrawattention.Itisdeeplyrootedinadesiretobeseen,notlookedat,tobetakeninasawholeanduniquepersonbyothers.Butsomehow,societycanfallshortofhonoringandunderstandingthis.Thereisasayingthatstates,“Tobeyourselfinaworldthatisconstantlytryingtomakeyouintosomethingelseisthegreatestachievement.”Whenitcomestostyleandclothes,thisworldverymuchhasideasonthe“somethingelse”weshouldbe.Weartheclothesyoulove.Letothersdothesameandacceptthefactthatinourshorttimehereinthislifetogether,it’sabeautifulhonortobehumankaleidoscopes(万花筒).4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mean”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Unkind. B.Anxious. C.Tough. D.Concerned.5.Whatisthemainmessagetheauthorwantstoexpressaboutpersonalstyle?A.Itisimportanttodressinarebelliouswaytoattractattention.B.Clothingchoicesarenotimportantaslongasoneistruetooneself.C.Societywouldneverapproveandunderstandeveryone’sfashionchoices.D.Personalstyleisrootedinthedesiretobefullyanduniquelyseenbyothers.6.WhydoestheauthorquoteasayinginParagraph6?A.Toarguereadersintofollowingthefootstepsoftheothers.B.Toproveitischallengingtostaytruetooneselfintoday’ssociety.C.Toencouragereaderstomakecontinuouseffortstomoveforward.D.Tostrengthentheideathatoneshouldtrytochangehimselftofitin.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AUniqueChildhoodFashionIncidentB.TheImportanceofBeingDifferentinFashionC.TheWaytoCreateaBoldandUniqueFashionStyleD.TheJourneyofSelf-AcceptanceThroughPersonalStyle【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者四年级时的一次时尚选择及其引发的内心感受和外界反应，展现了个人风格与自我认同的重要性。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线单词上文“ButwhenIgotoffthebus,myfriendJohnlookedmeupanddownandsaid,“Whatareyouwearing!?”(但当我下车时，我的朋友John上下打量着我，问道：“你穿的是什么啊？！”)”以及划线单词下文“Hewasjustshocked.(他只是感到震惊。)”可知，约翰并不想刻薄。所以mean为“不友善；不和善的”之意。选项A“Unkind(不和善的)”；选项B“Anxious(焦虑的)”；选项C“Tough(强硬的)”；选项D“Concerned(担忧的)”。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Butthetruthis,itisn’taboutclothes.It’saboutapowerfulneedtobeacceptedbytheworldasmytrueself.Personalstyleisn’taboutbeingrebelliousinordertodrawattention.Itisdeeplyrootedinadesiretobeseen,notlookedat,tobetakeninasawholeanduniquepersonbyothers.(但事实是，这不仅仅关乎衣服。这是关于我作为真实的自我被这个世界接受的强烈需求。个人风格不是为了吸引注意力而叛逆，它深深植根于一种渴望，即被别人看作一个完整而独特的人，而不仅仅是被注视。)”可知，作者认为个人风格不仅仅是关于穿着打扮，更是关于作为一个真实、独特的人被世界接受和看到的渴望。虽然衣服是表达个人风格的一种方式，但更重要的是通过个人风格来展现自己的独特性和真实性。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Butsomehow,societycanfallshortofhonoringandunderstandingthis.Thereisasayingthatstates,“Tobeyourselfinaworldthatisconstantlytryingtomakeyouintosomethingelseisthegreatestachievement.”Whenitcomestostyleandclothes,thisworldverymuchhasideasonthe“somethingelse”weshouldbe.(但不知何故，社会在这方面往往缺乏尊重和理解。有一句话说：“在一个总是试图把你变成另一个样子的世界里保持自我，是最大的成就。”当谈到风格和衣服时，这个世界对我们“应该成为的样子”有着很多想法。)”可知，作者通过引用这句谚语想要强调的是在当今社会保持真实自我是很难的，因为社会往往有既定的期望和标准，而个体需要努力才能不被这些外部因素所影响，保持真实的自我。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Mybreakoutfashionmomenthappenedinthefourthgrade.(我的时尚突破时刻发生在四年级。)”、最后一段“Weartheclothesyoulove.Letothersdothesameandacceptthefactthatinourshorttimehereinthislifetogether,it’sabeautifulhonortobehumankaleidoscopes(万花筒).(穿你喜欢的衣服。也让别人这样做，并接受这样一个事实：在我们短暂的一生中，能够成为人类万花筒是一种美丽的荣耀。)”以及全文内容可知，文章从作者小时候的一次时尚选择出发，探讨了个人风格与自我认同之间的关系，强调了被世界接受为真实自我的重要性，并最终呼吁人们穿自己喜欢的衣服，接受自己作为人类万花筒的荣耀。选项D“TheJourneyofSelf-AcceptanceThroughPersonalStyle(通过个人风格的自我接纳之旅)”准确地概括了文章的主题，即通过个人风格实现自我接受的过程。最能体现文章的核心内容和主旨。故选D。CWearenowhavingface-to-facechatswithfriendsinsteadoftalkingonline.Buthaveyoueverbeeninaconversationthatyouwishyoucouldrunawayfrom?Scientistshaveprovedthatyoumightnotbealone.Aresearchteamsurveyed806participants(参与者)aboutarecentconversationtheyhadwithsomeoneclosetothem.Theparticipantswereaskedabouttheactuallengthandtheirexpectedlengthoftheconversation,andhowlongtheythoughttheotherpersonwantedtotalkfor.Aboutone-thirdoftheconversationlengthwasunwanted,accordingtotheteam’spaperpublishedinthejournalPNAS.Also,moreparticipantsbelievedthattheywantedtoendtheconversationfirst.Onaverage,theycontinuedtalkingfor3.87minutesbeforetheyfoundthattheotherspeakerwishedthesamething.Situationsaresimilarwhenitcomestostrangers.Onlyabout1.6percentoftheconversationsendedwhenbothpartieswantedthemto.Thepaperpointedoutthatwhentheytalktostrangers,whatmakespeople“masktheirdesires”maybetheirpoliteness.Whentalkingtoclosefriendsandfamily,itmaybetheirkindnessasendingthechattoosoonmayhurttheother’sfeelings.So,whatisthebestwaytoendaconversation?Sayingyouonlyhaveacertainamountoftimetotalkatthestartofthechatisagoodplacetostart.“Rememberconversationsdon’tendbecausepeopledon’tknowwhentheotherpersonwantstogo,”AdamMastroianniwholedthestudytoldtheInversewebsite.Youshouldmakeyourpartnerfeelgoodabouttheendofthechatby“clearlycommunicatingthatyouhadanicetimeandwouldliketotalkagain”.Mastroiannialsosuggestedthatthedifficultyinendingconversationsmaybea“coordination(协调)problem”.It’shardtotellyourgrandmayouwanttogetoffthephonejustbecauseyouwanttheconversationtobeover,forexample.However,insomeways,thisdilemma(困境)maynotbeabadthing.Peopleneedsocialconnections,andconversationisagoodwaytomaketheseconnectionshappen.8.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutintheirsurvey?A.Mostconversationsendedwhenbothspeakerswanted.B.Nearlyhalfofthelengthofconversationswasunwanted.C.Endingconversationswithstrangerswaseasierthanwithfriends.D.Manypeoplewanttoescapetheconversationlongerthantheyexpect.9.Whydopeopletendtohidetheirdesiretoendtheconversationwithstrangers?AToshowtheirpoliteness. B.Togainsocialconnections.C.Toavoidhurtingothers’feelings. D.Tomaketheconversationlastlonger.10.AccordingtoAdamMastroianni,whatisaneffectivewaytoendaconversation?A.Sayinggoodbyeimmediately. B.Clearlycommunicatingyourdesire.C.Expressingyoureagernesstotalkagain. D.Remindingtheotherofyourlimitedtime.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedilemmaofendingconversations?A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现很多人在聊天时都会有想要结束谈话的想法，但还是会坚持尬聊一会儿，分析了其原因并给出了结束对话的建议。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Also,moreparticipantsbelievedthattheywantedtoendtheconversationfirst.Onaverage,theycontinuedtalkingfor3.87minutesbeforetheyfoundthattheotherspeakerwishedthesamething.(此外，更多的参与者认为他们想先结束谈话。平均来说，在他们发现另一个说话者希望同样的事情之前，他们继续说了3.87分钟)”可推测出，许多人想逃避谈话的时间比他们预期的要长。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thepaperpointedoutthatwhentheytalktostrangers,whatmakespeople“masktheirdesires”maybetheirpoliteness.(论文指出，当人们与陌生人交谈时，让人们“掩饰欲望”的可能是他们的礼貌)”可知，人们在与陌生人交谈时倾向于隐藏他们想要结束对话的欲望是为了表示礼貌，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Youshouldmakeyourpartnerfeelgoodabouttheendofthechatby“clearlycommunicatingthatyouhadanicetimeandwouldliketotalkagain”.(你应该让你的伴侣在谈话结束时感觉良好，“清楚地表达你过得很愉快，想再谈谈”。)”可知，你应该表达你想下次再聊的愿望，让对方对结束聊天感到满意。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,insomeways,thisdilemma(困境)maynotbeabadthing.Peopleneedsocialconnections,andconversationisagoodwaytomaketheseconnectionshappen.(然而，在某些方面，这种困境可能不是一件坏事。人们需要社会联系，而交谈是建立这些联系的好方法)”可知，作者对结束对话的困境持积极态度，故选B。DAssummergiveswaytoautumn,manyofuslongforwarmthandsunlight.Itiscommonforsomeofustofeelupsetwhenthedaysgetshorter.Peoplecallthisphenomenonautumnsadness.Whileautumnsadnessisacommonseasonalfeelingwehaveassunlightcomesinshortersupply,forsomepeople,ittakesonamoreseriousformknownasseasonalaffectivedisorder,orSAD.SAD,aformofdepression(抑郁症),mostlystartsinlateautumnorearlywinterandgoesawayinspringandsummer.PeoplewhohaveSADtypicallyoversleep,overeat,andloseinterestinactivitiestheyonceenjoyed.Generally,almostallpeoplesufferingfromSADfeelsad,helpless,andevendesperate.TheexactcauseofSADisnotyetcompletelyunderstood,butseveralfactorshavebeenlinkedtoitsdevelopment.JohnsHopkinsUniversitysuggeststhatreducedexposure(接触)tonaturallightduringtheautumnandwintermonthsmaydisruptthebody’sinternalclockandthehormones(荷尔蒙)produced,suchasmelatonin(褪黑素)andserotonin(血清素),whicharerelatedtosleepandemotions,respectively.Thisdisruptioncanleadtodepression.AddressingSADoftenrequiresmedicalhelp.Lighttherapyisacommonandeffectivetreatment.Patientsareadvisedtoexposethemselvestosunlightorman-madelightthatimitatesnaturalsunlight.Lighttherapycanhelpregulatepatients’hormonesandgettheirlivesbackontrack.Moreover,livingahealthierlife,suchasmaintainingaregularsleepschedule,takingpartinregularphysicalactivity,andhavingabalanceddiet,canhelpmanageSAD.Butit’salsoimportantthatpeopleseekhelpfromamedicalprofessionaltodeterminethemostsuitabletreatmentplanfortheirspecificneeds.Itisworthnoticingthat,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthoftheUS,inmostcases,SADbeginsinyoungadulthood.So,whileembracing(接受)knowledgeinbooksandclasses,don’tforgettoembracethesunlightoutdoorsandgetenergyfromnature!12.WhatdoweknowaboutSAD?A.Itusuallystartsinearlyautumn. B.Itcanleadtolong-termdepression.C.Itsmainsymptomsincludefeelingsad. D.Itismostcommonlyfoundinolderpeople.13.AccordingtoJohnsHopkinsUniversity,whatisapossiblecauseofSAD?A.Anunbalanceddiet. B.Alackofsunlight.C.Anirregularsleepschedule. D.Alackofphysicalexercise.14.Whatdoparagraphs5and6mainlytalkabout?A.HowpeoplecandealwithSAD.B.WhatpeoplewithSADhaveincommon.C.WhopeoplewithSADcanturntoforhelp.D.WhymedicalhelpisneededforpeoplewithSAD.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.YoungadultsaretheonlygroupaffectedbySAD.B.Embracingnature’ssunlightisenoughtopreventSAD.CIt’simportantforyoungadultstotakeoutdooractivities.D.It’snevertoolatetoembracethebeautythatnatureoffers.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了季节性情绪失调（SAD）这一心理现象，包括其症状、可能的成因、治疗方法以及预防建议。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“PeoplewhohaveSADtypicallyoversleep,overeat,andloseinterestinactivitiestheyonceenjoyed.Generally,almostallpeoplesufferingfromSADfeelsad,helpless,andevendesperate.(患有SAD的人通常会睡过头，吃得过饱，对曾经喜欢的活动失去兴趣。一般来说，几乎所有患有SAD的人都会感到悲伤、无助，甚至绝望)”可知，SAD的主要症状包括悲伤，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“JohnsHopkinsUniversitysuggeststhatreducedexposure(接触)tonaturallightduringtheautumnandwintermonthsmaydisruptthebody’sinternalclockandthehormones(荷尔蒙)produced,suchasmelatonin(褪黑素)andserotonin(血清素),whicharerelatedtosleepandemotions,respectively.Thisdisruptioncanleadtodepression.(约翰霍普金斯大学认为，秋冬季节减少自然光照射可能会扰乱人体的生物钟和产生的激素，如褪黑激素和血清素，这两种激素分别与睡眠和情绪有关。这种混乱会导致抑郁)”可知，约翰斯·霍普金斯大学认为SAD的一个可能原因是缺乏阳光，故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“AddressingSADoftenrequiresmedicalhelp.Lighttherapyisacommonandeffectivetreatment.(解决SAD通常需要医疗帮助。光疗是一种常见而有效的治疗方法)”以及第六段“Moreover,livingahealthierlife,suchasmaintainingaregularsleepschedule,takingpartinregularphysicalactivity,andhavingabalanceddiet,canhelpmanageSAD.(此外，过健康的生活，如保持有规律的睡眠时间，参加有规律的体育活动，均衡的饮食，可以帮助控制SAD)”可知，第五段和第六段主要讲的是人们如何应对SAD，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itisworthnoticingthat,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthoftheUS,inmostcases,SADbeginsinyoungadulthood.So,whileembracing(接受)knowledgeinbooksandclasses,don’tforgettoembracethesunlightoutdoorsandgetenergyfromnature!(值得注意是，根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，在大多数情况下，SAD始于成年初期。所以，在书本和课堂上接受知识的同时，别忘了拥抱户外的阳光，从大自然中获取能量！)”可推断出，对年轻人来说，参加户外活动很重要，故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inanair-conditionedoffice,youmayseemenwithsportingshortswhiletheirfemaleco-workerswearjacketstokeepwarm.Whydowomenfeelcoldmoreeasilythanmen?Theacceptedansweristhatmenandwomenfeeltemperaturedifferently.___16___Oneofthekeyfactorsofthemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateisourmuscles.Generallyspeaking,menhavemoremusclesthanwomen,leadingtoahighermetabolicrate.___17___Asaresult,men,onaverage,donotfeelcoldaseasilyaswomen.Yes,womenandmenhavephysicaldifferences.Butwhyisitwomen,inmostcases,whofeelmoreuncomfortableinaroomsettoa“comfortable”temperature?Theanswerliesinthedatabias(数据偏见)behindthemodeloftemperaturesettinginbuildings.Ina2015articleinthejournalNature,BorisKingma,ahumanthermalperformanceresearcherintheNetherlands,pointedoutthatmostofficebuildingssetthetemperatureinlightofamodelbasedonmen’smetabolicrate.___18___Inotherwords,temperaturesforcomfortinofficebuildingsaremainlycomfortableformen,notwomen.Inhisarticle,Kingmacalledfortheendofthisso-called“biasinthermalcomfort”.___19___Inherbook,CarolinePerezgavemoreexamplesinwhichwomenwereignored(忽视)indatacollectingforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddesign.Womenaremorelikelytodiefromaseriouscaraccidentbecauseacar’ssafetyequipmentisdesignedforthetypicalbodyofaman.Themedicineaspirinshowsbetterperformanceinmensinceitwasdevelopedondatacollectedmostlyfrommales.___20___A.Itmeansthatmoreheatiscreated.B.Thisisjustoneexampleofdatabias.C.Ourbodiesproduceheatthroughmetabolism.D.Femaledatawerenotconsideredwhensettingthemodel.E.Usually,themenfeelmorecomfortableundersuchtemperatures.F.Therefore,menusuallydon’tfeelcoldinanair-conditionedoffice.G.Women,whoformhalfoftheworld’spopulation,seemtobeignoredinthesecases.【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.B20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在科学技术研究开发的产品设计数据收集中，男性和女性因为身体的差异，产生的数据偏差的几个例子。【16题详解】根据下文“Oneofthekeyfactorsofthemetabolic（新陈代谢的）rateisourmuscles.”（新陈代谢率的关键因素之一是我们的肌肉。）可知，此处讲的是新陈代谢率的相关内容。由此可知，空格处内容应为引出新陈代谢这一话题。C项“Ourbodiesproduceheatthroughmetabolism.（我们的身体通过新陈代谢产生热量。）”符合此推断，和下文内容紧密连接，符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文“Generallyspeaking,menhavemoremusclesthanwomen,leadingtoahighermetabolicrate.”（一般来说，男性比女性有更多的肌肉，导致更高的新陈代谢率。）可知，选项承接上文继续解释新陈代谢和热量的关系。A项“Itmeansthatmoreheatiscreated.（这意味着会产生更多的热量。）”承接上文，说明新陈代谢会产生更高的热量，符合语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据上文“Ina2015articleinthejournalNature,BorisKingma,ahumanthermalperformanceresearcherintheNetherlands,pointedoutthatmostofficebuildingssetthetemperatureinlightofamodelbasedonmen’smetabolicrate.”（在2015年发表在《自然》（Nature）杂志上的一篇文章中，荷兰人体热性能研究员鲍里斯·金玛（BorisKingma）指出，大多数办公楼都是根据男性代谢率的模型来设定温度的。）可知，提到大多数办公楼都是根据男性代谢率的模型来设定温度的，而不是根据女性数据来设定的。D项“Femaledatawerenotconsideredwhensettingthemodel.（在建立模型时未考虑女性数据。）”符合语境。故选D项。【19题详解】根据下文“Inherbook,CarolinePerezgavemoreexamplesinwhichwomenwereignored（忽视）indatacollectingforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddesign.”（卡洛琳·佩雷斯在她的书中列举了更多女性在科学技术研究和设计数据收集中被忽视的例子。）可知，讲的是列举了更多女性在科学技术研究和设计数据收集中被忽视的例子。结合B项”Thisisjustoneexampleofdatabias.（这只是数据偏差的一个例子。）“可知，下文是对空格处内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。符合语境。故选B项。【20题详解】根据上文“Themedicineaspirinshowsbetterperformanceinmensinceitwasdevelopedondatacollectedmostlyfrommales.”（阿司匹林在男性中表现更好，因为它是根据主要从男性收集的数据开发的。）可知，提到阿司匹林是根据主要从男性收集的数据开发的，所以选项要说明实际上忽略了女性的相关数据。G项”Women,whoformhalfoftheworld’spopulation,seemtobeignoredinthesecases.（占世界人口一半的妇女在这些情况下似乎被忽视了。）“符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分55分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Whydidshespillthebeans?”Ithoughtregretfully.I’llalwaysrememberthatday,whenIwassosurprisedbyallthe___21___lookseveryonewasgivingme.Icouldn’tbelieveIwouldlosethefriendshipofthepersonI___22___themost.Fiveyearsback,we___23___asclassmates,butafterafewmonths,wewerelikebestfriends.So,Ineverexpectedherto___24___meinsuchabigway.Idon’tknowwhatmademetellSallyaboutmypersonal___25___.Shemadethematterbiggerthanitwas,addingherown___26___andtellingeveryoneatschool.Itwaslikesomeonehadstabbedmeinthe___27___.Aftershe___28___mysecrets,everyoneatschoolstartedlaughingatme.Afterthisterriblesituation,I___29___schools.Sally___30___memanytimes,butIdidn’tanswer.Myheartwasbroken.Itriedhardto___31___fromthesufferingIexperienced.Istartedanewschoollife.Butonedayfiveyearslater,ImetAnnaatthemarket.Shewasmyclassmatefrom3rdgrade.ShetoldmethatSallywasn’ttheonewho___32___mysecretstolight.Marywas.Iwasallataloss.IwishedIcouldhaveaskedSallyaboutthis.IwishedIcouldgobackintimeand___33___mymistakes.Fromthat,Ilearnedalife___34___thatweshouldtrustthosewelovebecauseonelittlemistakecould___35___damageourlives.21.A.friendly B.satisfied C.strange D.anxious22.A.trusted B.desired C.attracted D.reminded23.A.acted B.started C.played D.gathered24.A.pressed B.challenged C.angered D.hurt25.A.income B.effort C.life D.effect26.A.details B.proposals C.figures D.performances27.A.back B.head C.neck D.foot28.A.gaveup B.gavein C.gaveoff D.gaveaway29.A.escaped B.changed C.skipped D.attended30.A.reminded B.alarmed C.called D.visited31.A.improve B.think C.draw D.recover32.A.brought B.took C.carried D.fetched33.A.exchange B.rate C.fix D.argue34.A.experience B.course C.knowledge D.lesson35.A.hardly B.really C.mentally D.slowly【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.A27.A28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者误会是曾经的好友泄露了自己的秘密，而一直不肯原谅对方，后来当得知真相后，作者才意识到了自己所犯的错误。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我永远记得那一天，每个人都用奇怪的目光看着我，我感到很惊讶。A.friendly友好的；B.satisfied满足的；C.strange奇怪的；D.anxious焦虑的。根据后文“everyoneatschoolstartedlaughingatme(学校每个人开始嘲笑我)”可知，每个人都用奇怪的目光看着作者。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信我会失去我最信任的人的友谊。A.trusted信任；B.desired渴望；C.attracted吸引；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“weshouldtrustthosewelove”此处指最信任的人。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年前，我们刚开始是同学，但几个月后，我们就像最好的朋友一样。A.acted行动；B.started开始；C.played玩耍；D.gathered聚集。根据上文“Fiveyearsback,we”可知，五年前她们以同学的身份开始认识彼此。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我从没想过她会如此伤害我。A.pressed按压；B.challenged挑战；C.angered生气；D.hurt伤害。根据后文可知，作者以为她泄露了自己的秘密，伤害了自己。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道是什么让我把我的个人生活告诉了莎莉。A.income收入；B.effort努力；C.life生活；D.effect影响。根据上文“Idon’tknowwhatmademetellSallyaboutmypersonal”以及作者被嘲笑，推测告知了自己的私生活。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把事情夸大了，加上她自己的细节，告诉学校里的每个人。A.details细节；B.proposals建议；C.figures人物；D.performances表现。根据上文“Shemadethematterbiggerthanitwas,addingherown”可知，作者以为莎莉把事情夸大了，加上她自己的细节，告诉学校里的每个人。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像有人在我背后捅了一刀。A.back后背；B.head头；C.neck脖子；D.foot脚。根据上文“Itwaslikesomeonehadstabbedmeinthe”可知，朋友的行为就像背后捅刀子。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她泄露了我的秘密后，学校里的每个人都开始嘲笑我。A.gaveup放弃；B.gavein屈服；C.gaveoff发出；D.gaveaway泄露。根据后文“mysecrets,everyoneatschoolstartedlaughingatme”可知，朋友泄露了作者的秘密，让作者被同学嘲笑。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这种可怕的情况下，我逃离了学校。A.escaped逃走；B.changed改变；C.skipped跳跃；D.attended参加。根据上文“Afterthisterriblesituation”可知，作者被嘲笑而逃学了。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎莉给我打了很多次电话，但我没有接。A.reminded提醒；B.alarmed报警；C.called打电话；D.visited拜访。根据后文“memanytimes,butIdidn’tanswer”以及上文作者逃学，可知莎莉打电话联系作者。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我努力从我所经历的痛苦中恢复过来。A.improve改善；B.think思考；C.draw绘画；D.recover恢复。根据后文“fromthesufferingIexperienced”指作者努力从所经历的痛苦中恢复过来。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我莎莉不是那个揭露我秘密的人。A.brought带来；B.took带走；C.carried携带；D.fetched取来。根据后文“Marywas.Iwasallataloss.IwishedIcouldhaveaskedSallyaboutthis.(是玛丽。我完全不知所措。我真希望我能问莎莉这件事。)”可知，莎莉不是那个泄密的人，此处为短语bringsth.tolight表示“揭露”。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望我能回到过去改正我的错误。A.exchange交换；B.rate评价；C.fix改正；D.argue争论。根据后文“mistakes”指改正错误应用fix。故选C。【3