阅读理解微技能之词义猜测（原题版）-2023年高考英语二轮复习（新高考专用）

A专题13阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题

【思维导图】

语境法据所在句及其上下句或句绢推断

代入法将各选项代入句中看是否通顺

语法法据定义、同位语、冒号、破折

意号之后的解释或说明推断

思

构词法据转化法、合成法和派生法(前

猜五种

缀、后缔)推断

测解法

因果so,because等

题

转折but,yet,however等

逻辑法

让步though,although等

对b匕。号otherwise,while,instead,

ratherthan,onthecontrary,

ontheotherhand等__

【词义猜测题微技能】

1.单词或短语意义猜测

词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：

(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或

解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同

位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或

递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而

构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。

(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。

(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it,that,this,he,him或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，

其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进

行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

【典例剖析1】

Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithregularly

takingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeoplesaidthat

theywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthisthe"selfiesparadox”:theideathatwe

liketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople'sselfiesonline.

41.Whatdoesthewordcaparadox,,(paragraph5)mean?

A.plicatedstatementsB.contradictorystatements

C.constructivestatementsD.plimentarystatements

【典例剖析2】

Takethemysteryofmigrationforexample.Scientistscan'treallyexplainwhymanyspeciesofbirdsmigrate

intheautumneventhoughthetemperatureisstillsummery.Thebirdsjustseemtosnubthefortableweatherthat

theyarehaving.Whenacertaintimees,theytravelsouthbythethousand.Inspringtime,theymigrate

northwardswhenthoughthereprobablyissnowstillcoveringthegroundwhentheyfinallyarrive.Somethingsaid

"go”,andtheydid.

37.Theunderlinedword“snub"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.

A.fightB.ignoreC.symbolizeD.criticize

【典例剖析3】

NervoussuspectslockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolour

onthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrime,theblueonthewallmighttinthebalanie.

56.Theexpression“tipthebalance”inparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight.

A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalance.

B.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourt.

C.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimes.

D.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours.

【典例剖析4】

Iguessthatthere9sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforan

unknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingle

parentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthis

pointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“AlrightYes,I'lldoit.”

57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseattheheartstrings“inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

2.句意猜测题

句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。

具体技巧如下：

(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后

的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。

(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。

【典例剖析1】

Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.FromthelegendaryIslandofCapritothehauntingruinsof

Pompeii,andfromtheunforgettable"AmalfiDrive^^tothedelightfulresortsofPositano,SorrentoandRavello,the

areaisafeastfortheeyes!Shouldyouchoosetojoinus,weknowthatyouwillnotbedisappointed!

62.Theunderlinedpart"theareaisafeastfortheeyes“inthepassagemeans.

A.theareaispleasingtotheeyeB.theareaisreallyunforgettable

C.theareacatchesthetourists?eyeD.theareaiscrowdedwithtourists

【典例剖析2】

Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,"1wouldratherbeasuperbmeteor(流星)，every

atomofmeinmagnificentelow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.nEachday,hepushedhimself.Once

Londondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousand

wordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.Ineighteenyears,thewriterpublishedfifty-onebooks

andhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-sellingandhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsidered

himtobethebestwriter.WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingin

theAlaskanwilderness.ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon'senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtime

theyopenoneofhisnovels.

TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon.

A.isexpertatuniverse.B.aimshighandstrivetosucceed.

C.isexcitedaboutlifeifthewildness.D.faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath.

［方法1］根据上下文语境进行猜测

猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。

【典例1］SalvadorDali（1904〜1989）wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisis

showingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover

200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthe

bestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,

objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartistsshowman

qualities.

ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.The

exhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.

TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities（无限）,“Fromtheinfinitysmalltothe

infinitylarge,contractionandexpansioninginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueof

oldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,^^explainsthePompidouCentre.

Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofia

inMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,

Florida.

Whatdoestheword“contributions“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

［方法2］根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

英语文章中的代词。ne,it,that,them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认

真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。

【典例2】YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,

hasfoughtpovertyandsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,

Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising"changemakers''seekingtosolveurgentproblemsandwould

liketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.

Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbeeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygive

yourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewilling

toacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.Infact,itis

manyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.Anexcellentexample

isanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmers

andprovidedanineforpoorpeoplethere.

WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka'sstreets,

attractingratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecity

topost（把...制成堆肥）thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocal

farmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers（化月巴）whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsin

thesoilovertheyears.Atfirst,theywererefused,butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobe

made,theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.

DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingabout

socialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.

Theunderlinedword“them"inParagraph3probablyrefersto"”.

A.thelocalfarmersB.MasqsoodandIftekhar

C.DraytonandhisteamD.thepoorpeopleinthecity

[方法3]根据同义或类比关系进行猜测

当词语被并列连词and,oraswellas所连接或词语之间有justas,like,similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义

上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。

【典例3][1]...[2]...

[3]Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMpartiestellfarmersthattheywill

makegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides（杀虫齐!1）.Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcrops

intheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideuseparedtotraditionalcrops."Thepromisewasthatyoucould

uselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,“saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNational

FamilyFarmCoalition.

[方法4]根据定义或解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的

主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be,mean,represent,

becalled/named,beconsidered,bedefinedas（被定义为），beknownas,referto等；②表示同位关系的常见信息

词有thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orrather（精确地说）等,•③有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、

冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。

【典例4][1]...

[2]Doyouknowwhata"territory"is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasitsown.Onlyhe

andhisfamilyarewelethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewele.Youryardandhouseareyourterritory

whereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewele.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou,youmight

shout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.

Whatisabird's“territory”?

A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.

B.Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.

C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.

D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.

[方法5]根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

在一个句子或段落中，有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示

对比关系的词语主要有however,but,instead,despite,unlike,yet,while,whereas（反之,而，却）,ratherthan,

insteadof,inspiteof,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast等。

【典例5】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwo

buckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsof

service,butwasnowpastitsbest.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?

A.Dirty.B.Dark.

C.Worn-out.D.Plain-looking.

［方法6］根据举例进行猜测

在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点

或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表

示列举关系的信息词有like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,include等。

【典例6]...Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfrom

reachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemeltingoftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica...

Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto"”.

A.freezingpointsB.burningpoints

C.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints

[方法7]根据因果关系进行猜测

在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。

【典例7][1]...

[2]Ofcourse,thegoodofoxenisnotlimitedtoplowing.Infact,theyareseenas“boatsonland”fortheirabilityto

carryloads.Besides,thewholebodyofanoxisfulloftreasures.Theirmeatandmilkarefoodfullofnutrition,and

theirskincanbeusedtomakeclothesandshoes.Withallthesequalities,oxenareregardedasgenerouscreatures.

Thewords“boatsonland”underlinedinParagraph2referto.

A.animalsfortakinggoodsB.creaturesforpullingplows

C.treasuresofthefolkcultureD.toolsinthefarmingeconomy

[方法8]根据构词法进行猜测

阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如:unforeseeable.

这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否

定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

1.根据前缀猜测词义

例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononcoeducationalorsinglesexschools?

根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出coeducational的意思是：”

男女同校教育的“意思。

2.根据后缀猜测词义

例如：It'saquiet,fortablehoteloverlooking（俯瞰）thebayinanunmercializedCornishfishingvillageon

England'smostsoutherlypoint.

后缀ise/ize意思是”使成为…；使…化”，结合词根mercial（商业的），不难猜出unmercialized的意思

是："未被商业化的"o

3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwill

requirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（另!j扭的）handpositions.

Welldesigned或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well（好，优秀）和

design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是"设计精巧的"意思。

Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremassproducedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,most

peoplethatcraft（手艺）nolongerexists.

根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测massproduce的意思是："大批量生产；

规模生产"的意思。

【例】

...Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubtthe

outeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,t4Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.^^...

70.Theunderlinedword"oute”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.valueB.result

C.performanceD.connection

词汇拓展

1.合成法

manmadehandwriting

copyrightgreenhouse

allroundtypewriter

breakthroughhighclass

blacklistoneway

Englishspeaking

2.派生法

A.否定前缀

un（不）unimportantin/im/ir/il（不）impossible

dis（不）dislikemis（不）misunderstand

B.其他前缀

re（再）rebuildinter（互）interchange

pre（前）preschoolanti（反）antifreeze

non（否）nonprofit

C.名词后缀

er（A）teacherer（物）cooker

ician（人）physician

D.形容词后缀

able（能）eatableless（否）homeless

E.动词后缀

en（使）widenfy（使）satisfy

ize（使）modernize

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。

在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解

词义。如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness

等可改变词性。

2022年6月新高考I卷C篇

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"'Residents

reallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcan

bringtopeoplehere.^^

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.

2022年6月新高考II卷B篇

ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2yearoldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihad

broughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures-aperfectmatchforhisage.

4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"hithomeforme“meaninparagraph2?

A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.

|2022年1月浙江卷A篇

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaselfemployedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasborn

ofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshehadworked

fortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnear

herhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.

Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthere

herself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexcept

Montana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwith

transportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyflooding

andstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshe

wasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhighschool

shelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeof

sailingandoffroadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn*tworkinsummer,

asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumnes,shegetsrestlessthe

sameoldwanderlustreturning.Itsacallshemusthandlealone,though.Merebethsays,*'WhenI'montheroad,I'mjust

inmyownworld.PvealwaysbeenindependentspiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals."

Theword“wanderlust“inparagraph2meansadesireto?

A.makemoney.B.tryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

2021年6月北京卷

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolled

pandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld*smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalso

unthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackingin

flexibility.

Theinternationalscholars1warningletterdoesn*tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.

Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveryday

civilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecological

footprint*1concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.With

thecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithina

decade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword''germane''inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.

2021年6月新高考2卷B篇

IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathave

everbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethem

roundtheclockcareathome.

I'vegottwochildren-theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarrivingbutallofusreally

lookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhome

withmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelyno

risk.

Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwe

hadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetu。tomischief.We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'd

turnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.

Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.Thereweresome

toughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofa

productionlinegoing,makingup"tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.

WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknew

itreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalways

abitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.

I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhandsonwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethat

wehadthem.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief,meaninparagraph3?

A.Behavebadly.B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.D.Misstheirmom.

1Q题型组合练

1.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）20222023学年高三第一次联考】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。

TheChinaStateCouncilissuedadocumentinearlyAugust,suggestingemployersacrossthecountrymakeflexible

workingarrangementsandgivetheirworkersFridayafternoonsoffduringhotsummerdaysinordertoboosttourismand

consumption.

OnlinesurveyshaveshownthatmostcorrespondentsareinfavoroftheStateCounciFsproposalforlonger

weekends,astwoandahalfdaysareenoughevenforonetoplanashortjourney.Peoplewillhavemoretimetobe

togetherwiththeirfamilies.36

However,therearedoubtsastowhetherthiswellintentionedinitiativecanbeputintopractice.37While

theregulartwodayweekendisstilladreamforalargenumberofworkingpeopleinvariousindustries,atwoandhalfday

weekendisreallyaluxurymanypeoplecanbarelyafford.

38IfstaffworkersofgovernmentdepartmentsandpublicinstitutionsnolongerworkonFridayafternoons,

localresidentswillhavenowheretogoiftheyhaveurgentissuestosolvethroughtheseestablishments.

Obviously,theonlywayoutistoimplementpoliciesconcerningpaidannualleaveinarealisticmannersothatthe

workingpeoplecanmakearrangementsfortheirdaysoffwork.Asaresult,holidaymakersdon'tneedtoallrushtothe

samescenicspotsduringthesameperiodoftime,whichwouldbebeneficialtotheprotectionandoperationofthesespots.

39Thusitservestheinitialpurposeofboostingeconomicgrowththroughdevelopingtourism.

40Thegovernmentissupposedtopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionoflaborrightsandemployall

possiblemeanstoensuretheirholidaysaswellasthefunctionsofgovernmentinstitutions,insteadofjustmaking

economicallymotivatedpolicies.

A.Also,thisisaneffectivewaytoincreaseconsumerspending.

B.Therightofworkerstorestandpaidannualleaveareprotectedunderthelaw.

C.Alargernumberofworkers,ifnotall,willbenefitfromofficialholidayarrangements.

D.Mostpeoplethinkthattheywillactuallynotbeabletoenjoythebenefitsofsuchascheme.

E.Afterrestandrelaxation,employeeswillbeemoreenergeticwhentheyebacktowork.

F.Anotherworryisthatthismeasurewillfinallybeexclusively（专有地）enjoyedbyalimitednumberofemployees.

G.Aslongaspaidannualleaveremainsunrealisticinmostindustrialsectors,thetwoandhalfdayweekendseems

pointless.

2.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】

Acontactlens（隐形眼镜）thatcanreleaseadrugifitdetectshighpressurewithintheeyehasbeencreatedby

scientistswhosayitcouldhelptreatglaua.

Glauaisaneyediseasethatinvolvesdamagetotheopticnerve,andcanleadtoblindnessifnottreated.Accordingto

thecharityGlauaUK,themostmonformofthedisease,knownasprimaryopenangleglaua,isthoughttoaffectalmost

10%ofpeopleolderthan75.Thisformisgenerallycausedbyincreasedpressurewithintheeye,usuallyasaresultofa

buildupoffluid.

ResearchersinChinarevealedtheyhavedevelopedacontactlensthatcansenseanincreaseinpressurewithinthe

eyeandreleaseanantiglauadrugifthepressuretranscendsacertainlevel.

WritinginthejournalNaturemunications,theteamdescribehowtheycreatedthedeviceusinganupperandlower

lens,withasnowflakeshapedpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevicesandwichedbetweenthemaroundthe

rimofthelenses.Whenthepressureinsidetheeyeincreases,thegapbetweentheupperandlowerlensesdecreases.This

isdetectedbythepressuresensorbymeansofacantilever.Thesensorthensendsasignaltothewirelesssystemwhich

subsequentlytriggersthereleaseofanantiglauadrug,fromahydrogelattachedtoanelectrode,andenablesittocrossthe

corneaoftheeye.Thedrug,brimonidine,actstoreducethepressurewithintheeye.

Thestudyrevealsthatthecontactlenseshavesofarbeentestedonpigs9eyesandontheeyesofliving

rabbits——albeitwithsmallersizedlen