高考英语二轮教师用书第1部分专题3技法6利用语法和句法结构解题

技法6|利用语法和句法结构解题[解题技法分述]完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。[经典案例分析][例1](2017·北京高考)Laterperson.Itnahattendedschool，shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman，39anoldshoppingtrolley(购物车)whichwaspiledwith40them.Thisdthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad，andevenmore41something.Shesomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad，shewouldn't43asbad.39．A.pushing B．carryingC．buying D．holding40．A.goods B．bottlesC．foods D．bags41．A.excited B．determinedC．energetic D．grateful42．A.since B．unlessC．although D．as43．A.sound B．getC．feel D．look解析：42空考查句法结构，根据其前后的时态，特别是前面的完成时可判定42空状语从句的引导词应选A；43空考查词义辨析，四个选项都可以用作系动词，但此处bad是一种感觉，故43空选C。[例2](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenwehandedhimthebagof52，helitupandthankeduswith53eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard，sayinghecoulduseitfor54hisfamilymightneed，heburstintotears.52.A.toysB．medicineC．foodD．clothes53．A.sleepyB．wateryC．curiousD．sharp54．A.whoeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever解析：53题考查词义辨析，四个词都可以修饰eyes，但通过thanked我们可推知应是感动得眼睛湿润(watery)了，故选B。54题考查句法结构，介词for后面为宾语从句，引导词引导宾语从句且在从句中作need的宾语，应用代词whatever，故选B。技法感悟|一题妙用六法(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42atcollegeforthebetter：IdiscoveredASL－AmericanSignLanguage(美式手语)．Ineverfeltanurgeto43anysignlanguagebefore.Myentirefamilyishearing，andsoareallmyfriends.The44languageswereenoughinallmyinteractions(交往)．LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermy45forASL.The46beganduringmyfirstweekatcollege.IwatchedastheASLClub47theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery48ofmunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.WhatIsawwaspletelyunlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthe50．Thisnewnessjustleftme51more.Afterthat，feelingtheneedto52further，IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.Ionlylearnedhowto53thealphabetthatday.Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy54progress，Iwasexcited.Ithenmadeitapointto55thosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.Thefollowingterm，I56anASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas57．Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.58，iftherehadbeenanytalking，itwouldhave59ustolearnless.Now，Iappreciatethesilenceandthe60wayofmunicationitopens.41.A.searching B．planningC．natural D．formal42．A.progress B．experienceC．major D．opinion43．A.choose B．readC．learn D．create44．A.official B．foreignC．body D．spoken45．A.love B．concernC．goal D．request46．A.meeting B．tripC．story D．task47．A.recorded B．performedC．recited D．discussed48．A.idea B．amountC．dream D．reason49．A.disturbed B．supportedC．embarrassed D．attracted50．A.end B．pastC．course D．distance51．A.showing B．actingC．saying D．wanting52．A.exercise B．exploreC．express D．explain53．A.print B．writeC．sign D．count54．A.slow B．steadyC．normal D．obvious55．A.chair B．sponsorC．attend D．organize56．A.missed B．passedC．gaveup D．registeredfor57．A.prohibited B．weledC．ignored D．repeated58．A.Lastly B．ThusC．Instead D．However59．A.required B．causedC．allowed D．expected60．A.easy B．popularC．quick D．new41．A[词汇复现。由上文的“explorenewaspectsoflife”可知，此处所填之词与explore在词义上接近，表示一种“探索的过程”，故选searching。]42．B[词汇复现。根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西，第三段的“Ihadexperienced”也给出了提示。]43．C[上下文暗示。根据下文可知，作者的家人和朋友听力都正常，因此他从未想过学习(learn)手语。]44．D[上下文暗示。既然家人、朋友听力没问题，那么口语(spokenlanguages)就足够了。]45．A[上下文暗示。由下文的内容尤其是最后一段的“Now,Iappreciatethesilence...”可知，作者后来爱上了(love)美式手语。]46．C[上下文暗示。从后文的内容可知，作者开始讲故事(story)的经过了，故选C。]47．B[上下文暗示。由前面的watched可知，此处作者在观看对方的表演(perform)。]48．A[情景排除。这里指的是无语言交流的想法(idea)。]49．D[上下文暗示。由下文可知，作者参加了手语俱乐部，因此此处作者应是被吸引了(attract)。]50．B[上下文暗示。由空格前的“Ihadexperienced”可推知是过去(inthepast)的经历。]51．D[上下文暗示。由下文的further可推知，这种新颖让作者想要(want)了解更多。]52．B[词汇复现。由第一段的explore可知，此处指作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)的必要。]53．C[情景排除。既然学手语，就得学会如何用手语表示(sign)字母表中的字母。]54．A[上下文暗示。由前面的“beingdiscouragedby”可知，作者进步缓慢(slow)。]55．C[上下文暗示。由本句的“madeitapoint”和“learnallIcould”可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。]56．D[词语习惯搭配、上下文暗示。后面讲的是课堂上的事情，由此可知作者参加了一个美式手语课程，registerfor为固定搭配，意为“注册，登记”。]57．A[上下文暗示。讲课的教授是耳聋的，因此在课堂上是禁止(prohibit)讲话的。]58．C[语义逻辑关系。作者意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(instead)如果有任何交谈的话，会导致学生们学到的更少。]59．B[上下文暗示、词语习惯搭配。相反，如果有任何交谈的话，会导致学生们学到的更少。causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事。]60．D[词汇复现。由第三段的newness可知，对作者来说，这是一种新的(new)交流方法。](对应学生用书第39页)(2017·湖南省部分重点中学考前演练)Hello,Mr.Wi­Fi,lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossiblenow.We'rehappytosingyournamefrommorningtillevening,sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme,sometimesyou'remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromisemyselfthatI'll3myfeelingstowardsyou,butyou're4mecloserandcloser...You'veenteredbothmyhomeandmy5.You'rejustawindowforour6andinformation.Butwepeoplearen't7onlywiththewindow.Soweopenallour8foryou.Isthisa(n)9orsomekindofattachment?Ifthisisanillness,isitcurable?Andifthisisanattachmentwillyou10metothelifelongtogetherness?Wewantyou24/7.Can'tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan11？You'reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper12poisonwhichholdsourmindandmakesusdance13itstune.Nowadaysyou'reso14thatanyonecanbuyandmakeyouour15．You'llneverbebotheredaboutourhealthbutwe'll16beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouacpanyuseverywhereandneverletusbealone.Ifyouwerea17personmadeoffleshandblood(血肉之躯)wouldweloveyouthesame?You18uswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan'tgetridofyou.We'reallyour19．SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations20，butiftheydidwhycan'twe?【语篇解读】作者用诙谐的语气质问Wi­Fi，这呈现了现代人的一种通病，那就是对无线网络的依赖。1．A．Nowthat B．OnlyifC．Though D．WhenC[根据语境可知，虽然(Though)作者知道Wi­Fi帮助了自己，但是正是Wi­Fi的特殊作用让作者在做事情的时候会分心。]2．A．praised B．increasedC．focused D．dividedD[参见上题解析。]3．A.keepin B．bringbackC．approveof D．giveupA[根据语境可知，作者很多次都对自己承诺说要抑制(keepin)自己对Wi­Fi的情感。bringback“使回忆起，使想起”；approveof“同意，赞成”；giveup“放弃”。]4．A．drawing B．pushingC．forcing D．observingA[根据语境可知，此处形象生动地表现了作者不能抗拒Wi­Fi对自己的吸引。draw“吸引”，符合语境。push“推动”；force“强迫，迫使”；observe“观察”。]5．A.space B．soulC．society D．workplaceB[Wi­Fi进入了作者的家和灵魂中。下文中的“holdsourmind”是关键提示。]6．A．entertainment B．argumentC．expansion D．struggleA[Wi­Fi(本来)只是我们娱乐(entertainment)和获取信息的窗口。argument“争论”；expansion“扩张”；struggle“斗争，奋斗”。]7．A．strict B．satisfiedC．generous D．busyB[根据上文的“You'rejustawindowforrmation”以及“But”所表示的转折关系可知，此处表示人们并不满足于(satisfied)Wi­Fi仅仅是个“窗口(window)”。strict“严格的”；generous“慷慨的”；busy“忙碌的”。]8．A．thoughts B．eyesC．exits D．doorsD[此处表示人们将Wi­Fi的作用扩大化，不仅仅满足于其作为窗口的作用，而是将所有的“门(doors)”打开迎接Wi­Fi。某种程度上而言，door是window的“升级版”。]9．A．disease B．inspirationC．routine D．phenomenonA[结合下文中的“anillness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人对Wi­Fi如此依赖的现象是否是一种病(disease)。inspiration“灵感”；routine“惯例”；phenomenon“现象”。]10．A.remend B．instructC．mit D．adaptC[如果对Wi­Fi的情感是一种依赖的话，Wi­Fi能保证与作者一生都亲密无间吗？mit意为“保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)，承诺”，符合语境。remend“推荐”；instruct“教导”；adapt“适应”。]11．A．persist B．relaxC．progress D．balanceB[Wi­Fi不能给自己放几天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下吗？persist“坚持”；progress“行进”；balance“平衡”。]12．A.raw B．ambiguousC．strong D．fastD[根据本句中的“notaslowone”可知，Wi­Fi并不是慢性毒药，而是快速起效的毒药，故用fast与slow形成对比。raw“不熟练的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”；strong“强壮的”。]13．A.to B．againstC．from D．withinA[Wi­Fi是一种能控制人们的思想并使人们随着它的音调起舞的毒药。to表示“随着”。]14．A.affordable B．valuableC．conventional D．attractiveA[根据下文中的“anyonecanbuy”可知，如今Wi­Fi的价格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能买到，并使其成为人们的伴侣。affordable“支付得起的，不算太贵的”；valuable“有价值的”；conventional“传统的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。]15．A.addition B．expertC．panion D．instrumentC[参见上题解析。下文中的“Becauseyouacpanyuseverywhereand