2025届广东省云浮市高三上学期第一次调研模拟测试英语试题【含答案解析】

2025届云浮市高三第一次调研模拟测试高三英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATherearemanyartgalleriesintheNetherlands,andbelowaresomechosenbythetourists.RoutePhotoGalleryOpenhours:10:00a.m.—6:30p.m.TheRoutePhotoGallerywasfoundedin2017inAmsterdam.Itpresentsexclusive(独家的)artworksoftheartists,whoareentitledtointernationalphotographers,whoseworkshavebeenacceptedtoartmuseums.Thegallerycaresspecificallyabouttheconceptofaffordableartandraisesitscollectionallthetimewithfineartphotographyoftheartistswhosearchallovertheworldtocapturestories.CowMuseumOpenhours:12:30p.m.—7:00p.m.TheCowMuseumhasexistedfor12years.Almost95%ofitspiecesarehand-painted.Ithas800piecesandathirdofthemareCowParade(theworld’slargestpublicartevent,hugepaintedcowsauctionedforcharity),proudtobetheonlyplaceintheworldthathastheentirecollection.Theothertwothirdsare20-to30-year-oldpiecescollectedfromallovertheworld(notforsale).Italsohassomeexclusivelimitededitionpieces.RenssenArtGalleryOpenhours:11:00a.m.—5:30p.m.PaintingsandsculpturesbyDutchartistErikRenssenaredisplayedinanelegantyetinformalsetting.ThegalleryfeaturestheircontemporaryRenssenartworksalongsideanimpressivecollectionofPicasso.ThecombinationofthesetwocollectionsmakesavisittotheRenssenArtGalleryaveryworthwhileexperience.ArchitectureCentreofAmsterdamOpenhours:1:00p.m.—5:00p.m.ArchitectureCentreofAmsterdamisthecentreforarchitecture,urbandesignandlandscapearchitecture.DesignedbyarchitectRenévanZuuk,thebuildingaloneisworthavisit,withitsuniqueshapeandbeautifulviewsovertheOosterdok.Furthermore,itoffersawidevarietyofbooks,mapsanddesignerpieces.EveryFridayfromApriluntilOctober,itoffersalectureonAmsterdam’sarchitecturefollowedbyatwo-hourarchitecturewalk.1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCowMuseum?A.Itisthelargestpublicmuseumintheworld.B.Ithasacollectionofpaintedcowsforcharity.C.Themajorityofitspiecesareonsaletovisitors.D.Itshandmadeartworkshaveahistoryof12years.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatArchitectureCentreofAmsterdam?A.Takeaguidedwalk. B.Buysomebooksaboutfamousarchitects.C.Attendalectureaboutarchitecture. D.HaveatalkwitharchitectRenévanZuuk.3.Whichgalleryoffersthelongestopeningtime?A.CowMuseum. B.RenssenArtGallery.C.ArchitectureCentreofAmsterdam. D.RoutePhotoGallery.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了荷兰的四家美术馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CowMuseum部分的“Ithas800piecesandathirdofthemareCowParade(theworld’slargestpublicartevent,hugepaintedcowsauctionedforcharity),proudtobetheonlyplaceintheworldthathastheentirecollection.(它有800件藏品，其中三分之一是奶牛展示，这是世界上最大的公共艺术活动，为慈善拍卖巨大的彩绘奶牛，它为自己是世界上唯一拥有全部藏品的地方而感到自豪)”可知，该博物馆有用于慈善拍卖的彩绘奶牛藏品。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ArchitectureCentreofAmsterdam部分的“EveryFridayfromApriluntilOctober,itoffersalectureonAmsterdam’sarchitecturefollowedbyatwo-hourarchitecturewalk.(从4月到10月的每周五，这里都会举办一场关于阿姆斯特丹建筑的讲座，然后是两个小时的建筑漫步)”可知，在该建筑中心，游客可以参加关于建筑的讲座。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据RoutePhotoGallery部分的“Openhours:10:00a.m.—6:30p.m.(开放时间：上午10时至下午6时30分)”、CowMuseum部分的“Openhours:12:30p.m.—7:00p.m.(开放时间：下午12时30分至7时)”、RenssenArtGallery部分的“Openhours:11:00a.m.—5:30p.m.(开放时间：上午11时至下午5时30分)”和ArchitectureCentreofAmsterdam部分的“Openhours:1:00p.m.—5:00p.m.(开放时间：下午1时至5时)”可知，RoutePhoto画廊的开放时长为8.5小时，开放时间最长。故选D项。BAboutonceaweek,aveterinarian(兽医)KwaneStewartheadsdowntoSanDiego’sEastVillagetomakehisrounds,servingthedogs,catsandbirdswhoarethetreasuredpetsofdowntown’shomelesscommunity.Stewart’sparentswerehugeanimallovers.Byage6,heknewhewantedtobeavet.AftergraduationfromaColoradoveterinaryscienceprogram,hespentthenextdecadeasaveterinarian.In2008,heworkedasheadveterinarianatacountry-runanimalshelterinanareastruckbytheGreatRecession.Hesawpetsabandonedandtheworkwasextremelydepressing.Fouryearsintotheshelterjob,Stewartsaidhewasburnedoutwithguiltandreadytoquit.Thenonemorningonhiswaytowork,hesawahomelessmanandadog.Hetreatedthedog’sskinconditionandtheanimalwastransformed.Theownerwasbeyondgratefulandsaid,“Thanksfornotignoringmeandfortreatingmydog.”“Thatwasthemomentforme.Igotbacktosavinganimalsanddoingitonmyownterms.”Stewartsaid.Afewweekslaterhesetupapop-upveterinaryclinicatasoupkitchen,andwhenclientstheresuggestedhetakehisservicesfurther,hisnewjobas“StreetVet”began.Inadditiontotreatingcommondiseases,Stewartoftenprovidesvaccinations(接种疫苗)andgeneralwellnesschecks.Healsopromotes“fear-free”petcare.ManyofthepeopleStewartservesarenotjustgratefulforthehelpbutalsoformadeepbondwithhim,seeinghimassomeonewhonotonlytreatstheirpetsbutalsoacknowledgestheirhumanity.“IcandreamalittlebitthatpeoplefromallovertheworldwillwanttoemulatewhatIdo.”Stewartsaid.Rightnow,heisbuildinganetworkoftrustedvolunteers,technicianswithhospitalsandclinics.“Theseareallpeoplewhojustreachedoutandsaid,‘I’minspiredbywhatyoudo.HowdoIdoit?’”hesaid.4.WhatdoweknowaboutSteward’scurrentjob?A.Herunsananimalshelter.B.Headoptsabandonedpets.C.Heworksforascienceprogram.D.Heattendstohomelesspeople'spets.5.WhyisStewart’sshelterjobmentioned?A.Toexplainhischangeofcareerfocus.B.Toillustratehisprofessionalcompetence.C.Toexplorethefutureoftheindustry.D.Toreflectthechallengesoftheprofession,6.WhatdomanypeoplethinkofSteward?A.He’sodd. B.He’sfrank. C.He’shumble. D.He’smerciful.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emulate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Followtheexampleof. B.Showrespectfor.C.Puttheblameon. D.Payattentionto.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了斯图尔特在大学毕业后成为一名兽医，后来因为工作原因，他开始为流浪人群的宠物提供治疗，并获得了很大的反响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Aboutonceaweek,aveterinarianKwaneStewartheadsdowntoSanDiego’sEastVillagetomakehisrounds,servingthedogs,catsandbirdswhoarethetreasuredpetsofdowntown'shomelesscommunity.(大约每周一次，兽医克瓦恩·斯图尔特前往圣地亚哥的东村巡视，为市中心无家可归者社区珍爱的宠物狗、猫和鸟提供服务。)”可知，斯图尔特目前的工作是照料无家可归者的宠物。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hesawpetsabandonedandtheworkwasextremelydepressing.Fouryearsintotheshelterjob,Stewartsaidhewasburnedoutwithguiltandreadytoquit.(他看到宠物被遗弃，工作非常令人沮丧。在收容所工作了四年后，斯图尔特说他感到内疚，准备辞职。)”以及第三段“Thenonemorningonhiswaytowork,hesawahomelessmanandadog.Hetreatedthedog'sskinconditionandtheanimalwastransformed.Theownerwasbeyondgratefulandsaid,“Thanksfornotignoringmeandfortreatingmydog.”“Thatwasthemomentforme.Igotbacktosavinganimalsanddoingitonmyownterms.”Stewartsaid.(一天早上，在他上班的路上，他看到一个无家可归的人和一条狗。他治疗了狗的皮肤状况，这只动物被治疗了。主人非常感激地说：“谢谢你没有忽视我，还照顾我的狗。”“对我来说就是那个时刻。我重新开始拯救动物，并按照自己的方式去做。”斯图尔特说。)”和第四段中“Afewweekslaterhesetupapop-upveterinaryclinicatasoupkitchen,andwhenclientstheresuggestedhetakehisservicesfurther,hisnewjobas“StreetVet”began.(几周后，他在一个施舍处开了一家临时兽医诊所，当那里的客户建议他进一步提供服务时，他的新工作“街头兽医”开始了。)”可推知，文章先讲述斯图尔特在动物收容所的工作经历，因看到宠物被遗弃而感到沮丧，几乎要辞职。之后遇到一位无家可归者和他的狗，给狗治疗后，斯图尔特决定以自己的方式拯救动物，开启了街头兽医的工作。所以提及收容所工作是为了解释他职业重心的转变。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ManyofthepeopleStewartservesarenotjustgratefulforthehelpbutalsoformadeepbondwithhim,seeinghimassomeonewhonotonlytreatstheirpetsbutalsoacknowledgestheirhumanity.(斯图尔特服务的许多人不仅感激他的帮助，而且还与他建立了深厚的联系，认为他不仅善待他们的宠物，而且承认他们的人性。)”可推知，斯图尔特不仅治疗宠物还尊重无家可归者，可见人们认为他仁慈善良。故选D项。【7题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Rightnow,heisbuildinganetworkoftrustedvolunteers,technicianswithhospitalsandclinics.“Theseareallpeoplewhojustreachedoutandsaid,‘I’minspiredbywhatyoudo.HowdoIdoit?’”hesaid.(现在，他正在建立一个由值得信赖的志愿者、医院和诊所的技术人员组成的网络。“这些人都愿意提供提援助，说，‘我被你所做的事情所鼓舞。我该怎么做呢？’”他说。)”可知，很多人受斯图尔特启发，询问如何做，说明他希望人们效仿他的做法。“emulate”意思是“效仿，模仿”，和A选项Followtheexampleof“效仿”意思相近。故选A项。CArmwrestling(扳手腕)wasoneofmyfavoritewaysofplayingwithmybrothersgrowingup.Itallowedmyyoungerbrotherandmetotestourstrengthwithoutgettingtackled.Ialsoputupagoodfightwhenarmwrestingwithmyolderbrotherandhisfriends.Theirgreaterstrengthandexperiencemadethechallengeevenmoreinteresting.Everymatchseemedtoendinagoodlaughnomatterwhowon.NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.Whenhumansandotheranimalsplay,theyarebuildingtrustwithsiblingsandfriends.Theylearnhowfartheycanpushtheirpartnersbeforeanyonebecomesangryorphysicallyhurt.That’scalled“testingboundaries.”Olderplaymatesmayself-handicap,appearingtobelesscompetentthantheyreallyaretohelpyoungerplayerslearnskillsandexploretheirabilities.Playoffersasafespace,whereeveryoneknowstherulesandcanexperimentwithnewwaystomove,think,andrespondtoothers.Overthepast30years,I’velearnedalotaboutplaybywatchingyoungmaleelephantstesttheirstrengththroughsparring(拳击)gameswiththeirfriendsandsuperiors.Groupsparringmatchesarecommonatsunset,whenseveraldifferentelephantfamiliesshowupatthewaterholetodrink.Aftertheinitialexcitementofthearrivalandagoodlongdrink,youngmalesslipawayfromthesidesoftheirwatchfulmomsandauntstoformsparringrings.Aneldersistermakessurethattheplayingdoesn’tgetoutofhand,sosheiseverpresentwithatrunkonthebackorovertheheadtocalmtheenthusiasm.Thatway,theyoungermalesdon’tenduponthebottomofthepile.Watchingyoungelephantssparremindsmethatplayshouldbepartofoureverydayschedule—thelessstructure,thebetter.8.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioninghis/herchildhoodexperience?A.Winningisnotthetruemeaningofplay. B.Childrenprefertoplaytraditionalgames.C.Playisessentialinchildren’sdevelopment. D.Armwrestlingisasafewaytoteststrength.9.Whatbenefitofplaydoestheauthoremphasize?A.Itbringsfun. B.Itenablesboundarybreaking.C.Itsettlesconflicts. D.Itdevelopssocializingskills.10.Howdoolderplaymateshelptheyoungertolearnduringplaytime?A.Bypretendingtobeweaker. B.Bywarningthemofrisks.C.Bytestingtheircompetence. D.Byteachingnecessaryskills.11.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheelephant’ssparringgames?A.Safeandfair. B.Notstrictlycontrolled.C.Well-organized. D.Highlycompetitive.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了扳手腕这一游戏在作者成长过程中的意义，以及玩耍对于人类和动物社交、学习技能、建立信任等方面的重要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Armwrestling(扳手腕)wasoneofmyfavoritewaysofplayingwithmybrothersgrowingup.Itallowedmyyoungerbrotherandmetotestourstrengthwithoutgettingtackled.Ialsoputupagoodfightwhenarmwrestlingwithmyolderbrotherandhisfriends.Theirgreaterstrengthandexperiencemadethechallengeevenmoreinteresting.Everymatchseemedtoendinagoodlaugh,nomatterwhowon.(扳手腕是我小时候与兄弟们玩耍的最爱之一。它让我和弟弟能够测试我们的力量，而又不会真的动手打架。在与哥哥和他的朋友们扳手腕时，我也会全力以赴。他们更强的力量和丰富的经验使得这场较量更加有趣。无论谁赢，每场比赛似乎都以欢声笑语告终。)”以及第二段“NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.(如今，我是一名研究野生动物的科学家。我发现，玩耍是社交的一种绝佳方式；玩耍的意义远不止于娱乐和游戏。)”可知，文章开头作者先讲述了自己小时候与兄弟们扳手腕的经历，描述了当时玩扳手腕不管谁赢大家最后都会开心大笑的场景。接着引出后文自己作为研究野生动物的科学家，阐述关于玩耍在社交等方面的重要意义。由此可推测，作者提及童年经历是为了引出玩耍这个话题，进而说明玩耍对于成长发展有着诸多重要作用，就像小时候玩耍给自己带来的种种积极影响一样，所以其目的是想表明玩耍在儿童发展中是至关重要的。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“NowI’mascientistwhostudiesanimalsinthewild.Ihaveseenthatplayingisagreatwaytosocialize;thereissomuchmoretoplaythanfunandgames.(如今，我是一名研究野生动物的科学家。我发现，玩耍是社交的一种绝佳方式；玩耍的意义远不止于娱乐和游戏。)”可知，作者认为玩耍是一种很好的社交方式。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Olderplaymatesmayself-handicap,appearingtobelesscompetentthantheyreallyaretohelpyoungerplayerslearnskillsandexploretheirabilities.(年长的玩伴可能会自我设限，表现得比自己实际的能力要差，以帮助年轻的玩伴学习技能并探索自己的能力。)”可知，年长玩伴是通过假装自己比较弱来帮助年幼者学习的。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Aneldersistermakessurethattheplayingdoesn’tgetoutofhand,sosheiseverpresentwithatrunkonthebackorovertheheadtocalmtheenthusiasm.Thatway,theyoungermalesdon’tenduponthebottomofthepile.(一位年长的姐姐会确保玩耍不会失控，所以她总是用鼻子搭在背上或头上，以平息大家的热情。这样，年轻的雄性大象就不会在打斗中处于下风。)”可知，有年长的姐姐在旁边确保玩耍不会失控，用象鼻放在后背或者头上来平息过于高涨的热情，以防年幼的雄性大象陷入危险境地，但并没有严格的、完整细致的管控体系，整体来说大象的拳击游戏不是严格被控制的。故选B。DBuildingartificialintelligencesthatsleepanddreamcanleadtomoredependablemodels,accordingtoresearcherswhoaimtomimic(模仿)thebehaviorofthehumanbrain.ConcettoSpampinatoandhisresearchmembersattheUniversityofCatania,Italy,werelookingforwaystoavoidaphenomenonknownas“disastrousforgetting”,whereanAImodeltrainedtodoanewtasklosestheabilitytocarryoutjobsitpreviouslyexcelledat.Forinstance,amodeltrainedtoidentifyanimalscouldlearntospotdifferentfishspecies,butthenmightloseitsabilitytorecognizebirds.TheydevelopedamethodoftrainingAIcalledWake-SleepConsolidatedLearning(WSCL),whichmimicsthewaythatourbrainsreorganizeshort-termmemoriesofdailylearningwhenweareasleep.Besidestheusualtrainingforthe“awake”phase,modelsusingWSCLareprogrammedtohaveperiodsof“sleep”,wheretheyanalyzeawakedatafromearlierlessons.Thisissimilartohumanspottingconnectionsandpatternswhilesleeping.WSCLalsohasaperiodof“dreaming”,whichinvolvesnoveldatamadefromcombiningpreviousconcepts.Thishelpstointegratepreviouspathsofdigital“neurons(神经元)”,freeingupspaceforfutureconcepts.Italsopreparesunusedneuronswithpatternsthatwillhelpthempickupnewlessonsmoreeasily.TheresearcherstestedthreeAImodelsusingatraditionaltrainingmethod,followedbyWSCLtraining.Thentheycomparedperformancesforimageidentification.Thesleep-trainedmodelswere2to12percentmorelikelytocorrectlyidentifythecontentsofanimage.Theyalsomeasuredanincreaseinhowmucholdknowledgeamodelusestolearnanewtask.Despitetheresults,AndrewRogoyskiattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,saysusingthehumanbrainasablueprintisn’tnecessarilythebestwaytoboostAIperformance.Instead,hesuggestsmimickingdolphins,whichcan“sleep”withonepartofthebrainwhileanotherpartremainsactive.Afterall,anAIthatrequireshoursofsleepisn’tidealforcommercialapplications.12.WSCLwasdevelopedtohelpimproveAI’s______.Areliability B.creativity C.security D.popularity13.WhatdomodelsusingWSCLdoduringthe“sleeping”periods?A.Generatenewdata. B.Processpreviousdata.C.Receivedataforlateranalysis. D.Savedataforthe“awake”phase.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.TheapplicationofWSCL. B.ThebenefitsofAIresearch.C.Thefindingsoftheresearch. D.TheunderlyinglogicofWSCL.15.WhichbestdescribesAndrew’sattitudetowardsthesleep-trainedmodels?A.Cautious. B.Prejudiced. C.Pessimistic. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了帮助提高AI的可靠性，研究人员开发了一种训练人工智能的方法，称为“醒—睡联合学习（WSCL）”，它模仿我们的大脑在睡觉时重组日常学习的短期记忆的方式。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Buildingartificialintelligencesthatsleepanddreamcanleadtomoredependablemodels,accordingtoresearcherswhoaimtomimic(模仿)thebehaviorofthehumanbrain.(据旨在模仿人类大脑行为的研究人员称，构建睡眠和做梦的人工智能可以产生更可靠的模型)”可知，开发WSCL是为了帮助提高AI的可靠性。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Besidestheusualtrainingforthe“awake”phase,modelsusingWSCLareprogrammedtohaveperiodsof“sleep”,wheretheyanalyzeawakedatafromearlierlessons.(除了通常的“清醒”阶段的训练之外，使用WSCL的模型还被编程为有“睡眠”阶段，在那里它们分析来自早期课程的清醒数据)”可知，使用WSCL的模型在“睡眠”期间处理之前的数据。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“TheresearcherstestedthreeAImodelsusingatraditionaltrainingmethod,followedbyWSCLtraining.Thentheycomparedperformancesforimageidentification.Thesleep-trainedmodelswere2to12percentmorelikelytocorrectlyidentifythecontentsofanimage.Theyalsomeasuredanincreaseinhowmucholdknowledgeamodelusestolearnanewtask.(研究人员使用传统的训练方法测试了三个人工智能模型，然后进行了WSCL训练。然后，他们比较了图像识别的表现。经过睡眠训练的模型正确识别图像内容的可能性要高出2%到12%。他们还测量了模型在学习新任务时使用的旧知识的增加)”可知，第5段的主要内容是研究的结果。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despitetheresults,AndrewRogoyskiattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,saysusingthehumanbrainasablueprintisn’tnecessarilythebestwaytoboostAIperformance.Instead,hesuggestsmimickingdolphins,whichcan“sleep”withonepartofthebrainwhileanotherpartremainsactive.Afterall,anAIthatrequireshoursofsleepisn’tidealforcommercialapplications.(尽管取得了这些成果，英国萨里大学的安德鲁·罗戈伊斯基表示，使用人类大脑作为蓝图并不一定是提高人工智能性能的最佳方式。相反，他建议模仿海豚，海豚可以在大脑的一部分“睡觉”时，另一部分保持活跃。毕竟，需要长时间睡眠的人工智能并不适合商业应用)”可知，安德鲁对睡眠训练模特是谨慎态度。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Researchhasshownthatmindfuleatinghaspositiveimpactsonpeople,soit’sbeneficialtoknowhowtoeatmoremindfully.Herearesometechniquesforeatingatahealthypace.Removealldistractionswhileyoueat.____16____Makesureyourcellphoneisfacedownandyou’renotgoingtoberespondingtoanymessagesthatcomethrough.Takeenoughtimetofinishyourmeal.Evenwithalldistractionsremoved,veryoftenyoustillfindyourselfeatingfasterthanyoushould.____17____Ittakesaboutthattimeforyourbodytogetthesignaltothebrainthatyouarefull.____18____Youmightwonderhowtospend20wholeminuteseatingasandwich.Onewaytoslowdownistoengageyoursensesandthinkthroughallthedetailsaboutyourmeal.Askyourself:What’sonmyplate?HowhungryamItoday?Isittoosalty?Noticethesmell,thetasteandwhateverothersensesthatariseasyoueat.Limittheamountofthefoodyoumightmunchon(大口吃)mindlessly.Putasmallamountofsnackfood,likepotatochips,inaseparatebowltohelpavoidmindlessmunching.____19____Puttingasidesomeofthefoodcanhelpyoueatlessatahealthierpace.Actuallychew.Ifyou’rewolfingdown(狼吞虎咽)yourfoodyou’reprobablynotchewingit.Andchewingisanimportantpartofdigestion.____20____Lookateachbitebeforeputtingitintoyourmouth,acknowledgewhatyou’reeatingandchew,chew,chew.A.Noticeallthelittledetailsaboutyourfood.B.Limityourtimeforamealwithin20minutes.C.Ithelpsbreakupthefoodssoit’seasierforabsorption.D.Watchoutforyourfoodintakeandthetimeyouspendonit.E.Whenyousitdowntoeat,spendatleast20minutesdoingso.F.Ifyouhaveawholebagofit,itischallengingtostopafterseveralbites.G.Theycanlimityourabilitytoenjoyyourfoodandnoticewhenyouarefull.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.F20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些健康饮食的技巧。【16题详解】根据上文“Removealldistractionswhileyoueat.(吃饭时排除一切干扰。)”可知，本句承接上文说明“吃饭时排除一切干扰”这么做的原因。故G选项“它们会限制你享受食物的能力，也会限制你注意到自己已经吃饱了。”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Takeenoughtimetofinishyourmeal.Evenwithalldistractionsremoved,veryoftenyoustillfindyourselfeatingfasterthanyoushould.(花足够的时间吃完你的饭。即使排除了所有的干扰，你仍然经常发现自己吃得比你应该吃的快。)”以及后文“Ittakesaboutthattimeforyourbodytogetthesignaltothebrainthatyouarefull.(大约需要这段时间，你的身体才会向大脑发出你吃饱了的信号。)”可知，本句主要针对吃饭花费的时间提出建议。故E选项“当你坐下来吃饭时，至少花20分钟这样做。”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据本段内容“Youmightwonderhowtospend20wholeminuteseatingasandwich.Onewaytoslowdownistoengageyoursensesandthinkthroughallthedetailsaboutyourmeal.Askyourself:What’sonmyplate?HowhungryamItoday?Isittoosalty?Noticethesmell,thetasteandwhateverothersensesthatariseasyoueat.(你可能想知道如何花整整20分钟吃一个三明治。放慢速度的一种方法是调动你的感官，仔细考虑你吃饭的所有细节。问问你自己：我的盘子里有什么？我今天有多饿？是不是太咸了？注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉。)”可知，后文提到注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉，即建议注意食物的细节。故A选项“注意食物的所有细节。”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Putasmallamountofsnackfood,likepotatochips,inaseparatebowltohelpavoidmindlessmunching.(把少量的零食，如薯片，放在一个单独的碗里，以帮助避免无意识地咀嚼。)”可知，上文建议把零食单独放在一个碗里，可知本句承接上文，说明这么做的原因。故F选项“如果你有一整袋，吃几口就停止是很困难的。”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Andchewingisanimportantpartofdigestion.(咀嚼是消化的重要组成部分。)”可知，上文提到了咀嚼的重要性，可知本句说明咀嚼的作用。故C选项“它有助于分解食物，这样更容易被吸收。”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance____21____attheaquarium(水族馆)therewouldlightalifelongpassion.Fast-forwardtotodayXu,aBeijingnative,has____22____tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____23____foraSanya-basedtropicalbiologicallaboratoryattachedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand____24____thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthat____25____himallthoseyearsago.Xu,whoisnicknamed“coralman”,is____26____engagedonsuchsocialmediaplatformsasSinaWeibo,whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaimsto____27____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.ForXu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood,becomingacoralconservationistwasan____28____turnofevents.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,hebeganto____29____thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoral_____30_____frommerchantswhoselldecorativeplants,fishandcorals.Healso_____31_____informationonline.Beforelong,hehadsetupasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.“Thecoralorganismisquitesensitivetoitsenvironmentandhasextremelyhigh_____32_____forwaterquality,”recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,itsstatewasnot_____33_____.”ButasXugainedmore_____34_____aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.Healsolearnedthatcoralreefsareknownas“tropicalrainforests”and“underwatergardens”oftheocean,providinga_____35_____foraquarterofallseacreatures.21.A.accident B.encounter C.application D.performance22.A.moved B.driven C.appealed D.signaled23.A.educator B.ambassador C.artist D.conservationist24.A.approve B.increase C.document D.smooth25.A.separated B.relieved C.preserved D.fascinated26.A.actively B.finally C.universally D.skillfully27.A.teach B.arrange C.encourage D.force28.A.impractical B.unexpected C.unfortunate D.unacceptable29.A.frequent B.expand C.manage D.improve30.A.selling B.observing C.farming D.decorating31.A.answeredfor B.broughtin C.searchedfor D.gaveout32.A.requirements B.reputations C.periods D.priorities33.A.pure B.good C.confusing D.strict34.A.evidence B.care C.equipment D.knowledge35.A.map B.home C.platform D.container【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.D26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐一唐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不知道，在水族馆的一次偶遇会点燃他一生的激情。A.accident事故；B.encounter相遇，邂逅；C.application申请；D.performance表现。根据上文中的“wentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo”和下文中的“Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到今天，北京人徐已经搬到了中国南部海南省的热带岛屿，在那里他是中国科学院附属的三亚热带生物实验室的珊瑚保护主义者。A.moved移动，搬迁；B.driven驾车；C.appealed呼吁；D.signaled发信号。根据空后的“tothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanprovince,whereheservesasacoral____3____”可知，身为北京人的徐一唐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.educator教育工作者；B.ambassador大使；C.artist艺术家；D.conservationist环境保护主义者。根据下文中的“Xu,whoisnicknamed‘coralman’”和“Heaimsto____7____individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becomingacoralconservationist”也是提示。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，他都要花几个小时深入海浪下，观察和记录这些年前让他着迷的生物的生长和发展。A.approve同意；B.increase（使）增长；C.document记录；D.smooth使平滑，使光滑。根据空后的“thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和发展。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.separated（使）分开；B.relieved解除，减轻；C.preserved保护；D.fascinated深深吸引，迷住。根据上文中的“lightalifelongpassion”可知，他对珊瑚深深迷恋。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：被戏称为“珊瑚侠”的徐活跃在新浪微博等社交媒体平台上，他经常在那里分享珊瑚的惊人视觉照片和娱乐视频。A.actively积极地；B.finally最终，最后；C.universally全体地；D.skillfully熟练地。根据句中的“whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals”可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些媒体上很活跃。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他旨在鼓励个人采取行动，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。A.teach教；B.arrange安排；C.encourage鼓励；D.force迫使。根据空后的“individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)andtheoceansasawhole”可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于从小学习京剧的徐来说，成为一名珊瑚保护主义者是一个意想不到的转折。A.impractical不现实的；B.unexpected出乎意料的；C.unfortunate不幸的；D.unacceptable不能接受（或允许、同意）的。根据句中的“Xu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood”可知，徐一唐从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在水族馆第一次看到珊瑚后，他开始经常光顾当地市场，向出售装饰植物、鱼类和珊瑚的商人了解珊瑚养殖。A.frequent常去；B.expand扩大，增加；C.manage管理；D.improve提高。根据空后的“thelocalmarkettolearn”可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.selling出售；B.observing观察；C.farming从事畜牧业；D.decorating装饰。根据下文中的“startedcultivatingacoral”可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，所以可知他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他还在网上搜索信息。A.answeredfor对……负责；B.broughtin请……做，引入；C.searchedfor搜索；D.gaveout分发，用完。根据上文中的“learnaboutcoral____10____”和空后的“informationonline”可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“珊瑚生物对环境非常敏感，对水质要求极高，”徐回忆道。A.requirements要求；B.reputations声誉；C.periods时期；D.priorities优先事项。根据句中的“isquitesensitivetoitsenvironment”可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我开始种植珊瑚时，它的状态并不好。A.pure纯的；B.good好的；C.confusing难以理解的；D.strict严厉的。下句的But表明前后句之间是转折关系，根据下句“ButasXugainedmore____14____aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.”可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，由此可知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着徐对珊瑚的了解越来越多，包括如何控制水温和pH值等因素，他的珊瑚逐渐开始茁壮成长。A.evidence证据；B.care关心；C.equipment设备；D.knowledge知识，了解。根据句中的“includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels”可知，这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还了解到，珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了家园。A.map地图；B.home家，家园；C.platform平台；D.conta