初高中英语衔接定语从句全解析讲义

学科教师辅导讲义授课主题定语从句教学目的使学生掌握定语从句的含义.使学生掌握定语从句的用法.重、难点重点:1.使学生掌握定语从句的含义.2.使学生掌握定语从句的用法.难点:关系代词的用法授课时间教学内容本节知识点讲解

一、定语从句的含义：

用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：

a

tall

building

the

book

on

the

desk

anything

important

the

girl

in

red如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。

I

know

the

girl.

The

girl

is

in

red.

(两个简单句)

→I

know

the

girl

who

is

in

red.（定语从句）

被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。

其中连接两个句子的是______________，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。

附：关系词与先行词的关系：

关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。

定语从句中常用的关系词有：

关系代词

who

/

whom

(先行词表示人)

which

(先行词表示物)

that

/

whose

(先行词表示人或物)

关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；

关系副词

when

(表示时间)

where

(表示地点)

why

(表示原因)

关系副词在从句中充当状语。

结论：关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句

代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系词种类（一）关系代词引导的定语从句

关系词用法例句翻译who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。Themanwhoistalkingismyteacher.正在说话的那个人是我的老师。whom指人，在从句中作宾语（可省略，口语可用who代替）。Thegirl(whom)youmetismysister.你遇见的那个女孩是我妹妹。whose指人或物，表示所属关系，在从句中作定语。Thebookwhosecoverisredismine.封面是红色的那本书是我的。which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。Thecarwhichwasstolenhasbeenfound.被偷的那辆车已经找到了。that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略），可替代who/whom/which（非正式）。Themovie(that)wesawwasgreat.我们看的那部电影很棒。

注：that的用法

(1)

只能用that而不用which/who（m）作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

情况例句翻译1.先行词是不定代词Nothingthathesaidwastrue.他说的话没一句是真的。2.先行词被序数词修饰Thisisthelastchancethatyou’llget.这是你最后的机会。3.先行词被最高级修饰It’sthemostdeliciousfoodthatI’veevereaten.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。4.先行词被theonly/thevery（正是）/thesame修饰HeistheverymanthatI’mlookingfor.他正是我在找的那个人。5.先行词同时包含人和物Wediscussedthestudentsandprojectsthatweresuccessful.我们讨论了那些成功的学生和项目。6.主句是以who/which开头的疑问句Whichisthecarthatbrokedown?哪辆车抛锚了？7.therebe句型中先行词是物Thereisakey(that)opensthisdoor.有一把能开这扇门的钥匙。注：只用which/whom如果先行词在从句中做介词宾语，而且介词从从句中提前到关系词之前的情况下：Theboytowhomheistalkingdidbetterintheexamthanhim.Thechaironwhichtheyaresittingbelongstome.三、使用定语从句需要注意的问题：

（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。

如：The

play（which）I

watched

just

now

had

been

on

twice

on

Channel

3我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。

（2）

当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，

that，

which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

如：This

is

the

house

(that/

which

)we

lived

in

last

year.

=

This

is

the

house

in

which

we

lived

last

year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please

tell

me

the

person

(who/

whom)

you

borrowed

the

English

novel

from.

=

Please

tell

me

from

whom

you

borrowed

the

English

novel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（二）关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词：在句中作状语

关系副词=

介词+关系代词

why=

for

which

...re=in/

at/

on/

...

which

(介词同先行词搭配)

...n=during/

on/

in/

...

which

(介词同先行词搭配)

关系词用法例句翻译when指时间，先行词是time/day/year等。Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.我记得我们第一次见面的那天。where指地点，先行词是place/city/room等。ThisisthehousewhereIgrewup.这是我长大的房子。why指原因，先行词是reason（不能是其他）。Tellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate.告诉我你迟到的原因。

注意：某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when

,where和why

互换。

ThisistheroomthatwestudyEnglishin.=ThisistheroominwhichwestudyEnglish.=ThisistheroomwherewestudyEnglish.how不能作为关系词表示某人做某事的方式theway。如果theway在从句中作状语关系词只有三种，inwhich、that或不填。也可以用how引导的名词性从句代替。（原句）Weworkouttheproblem（in）thisway.Thisisthewayinwhichweworkouttheproblem.=Thisisthewaythatweworkouttheproblem.=Thisishowweworkouttheproblem.（3.）特殊关系词关系词用法例句翻译assuch...assuch...as,thesame...as）或非限制性定语从句。Heisnotthesameashewas.他和以前不一样了。But用于否定意义的不定代词或副词的举行中表不……的人或物Thereisnobodybutknowsyou.天下谁人不识君。than用于比较结构。YouhavemorebooksthanIneed.你的书比我需要的多。注意：Thesame作定语修饰的先行词之后关系词既可以用as也可以用that，但是意思不同。ThisisthesamebookasIlenttoTom..这是跟我借给汤姆的一样的书。（不是同一本）ThisisthesamebookthatIlenttoTom.这就是我借给汤姆的那本书。（同一本）（4.）非限定行定语从句关系词在从句中的作用例句例句翻译who主语（指人）Myteacher,whoisfromCanada,speaksfluentChinese.我的老师来自加拿大，他中文说得很流利。whom宾语（指人，正式用法）Mr.Smith,whomwemetyesterday,isafamouswriter.史密斯先生是一位著名作家，我们昨天见过他。whose定语（指人或物的所属）Theartist,whosepaintingsareexpensive,livesinParis.那位艺术家住在巴黎，他的画作很昂贵。which主语或宾语（指物或事件）Thebook,whichwaspublishedlastyear,becameabestseller.这本书去年出版，成为了畅销书。where地点状语Themuseum,wherewesawtheexhibition,isclosingnextmonth.我们参观展览的那家博物馆下个月要关闭了。when时间状语In2008,whentheOlympicswereheld,IvisitedBeijing.2008年奥运会举办时，我去了北京。易错注意事项1.逗号的使用：非限定性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开，否则可能改变句意。错误：Thebookwhichwaspublishedlastyearbecameabestseller.（限定性，暗示有多本书）正确：Thebook,whichwaspublishedlastyear,becameabestseller.（非限定性，仅补充信息）2.不可省略关系词：非限定性从句中，关系词（如which/who等）不可省略，即使作宾语。错误：Themanager,wemetyesterday,resigned.正确：Themanager,whomwemetyesterday,resigned.3.不可用that：非限定性定语从句中不能用that引导，必须用which/who等。错误：Mycar,thatisold,stillrunswell.正确：Mycar,whichisold,stillrunswell.4.which可指代整个主句：which可指代前面整个句子，此时必须用逗号隔开。例句：Hefailedtheexam,whichsurprisedeveryone.翻译：他考试没及格，这让大家很惊讶。5.who与whom的混淆：who作主语，whom作宾语（口语中who可替代whom）。错误：Thescientist,whoweadmire,wonaNobelPrize.正确：Thescientist,whomweadmire,wonaNobelPrize.6.where/when的先行词限制：where的先行词需是地点（如city,museum），when的先行词需是时间（如year,day）。错误：Thesituation,whereisplicated,requiresattention.正确：Thesituation,whichisplicated,requiresattention.7.关系副词why不可引导非限定性定语从句如果要用到的reason为首的非限定定语从句关系词要用forwhich。错误：Hecan’tbelievethesimplereason，whyshelefthim.正确:Hecan’tbelievethesimplereason,forwhichshelefthim.四、巩固练习Section1:基础填空（120题）Thebook______youlentmewasfantastic.Thegirl______wonthepetitionismycousin.Thisisthehospital______Iwasborn.Thereason______hefailedisunclear.Theteacher,______sonisadoctor,retiredlastyear.（★）Theday______wefirstmetwasrainy.Thelaptop______screenisbrokenneedsrepair.Themovie______wewatchedyesterdaywasboring.Thescientist______discoveredthistheoryisfamous.Thepark,______hasabiglake,iscrowdedonweekends.（★）Theman______youspoketoisourprincipal.Theyear______COVID19brokeoutchangedtheworld.Thedog______barkseverynightannoysme.Thestudent______handwritingisneatgetshighscores.Thecity______Igrewupisnowmodern.Theteacher______teachesusmathisstrict.Thepenwith______Isignedthecontractisexpensive.（⚠️介词+关系代词）Thetime______wespenttogetherwasprecious.Thecar______wasparkedhereisgonenow.Thestory,______endingissurprising,becameabestseller.（★）答案与解析Section1which/that（宾语）who/that（主语）where（地点状语）why/forwhich（reason固定搭配）whose（非限定性）when（时间状语）whose（所属关系）which/that（宾语）who/that（主语）which（非限定性，主语）whom/who（宾语）when（时间状语）which/that（主语）whose（所属关系）where（地点状语）who/that（主语）which（介词+关系代词）that/which（宾语，⚠️time作"时间"不可省略）which/that（主语）whose（非限定性）五、本知识点小结六、当堂检测1Section2:进阶填空（2135题）Heisthesameboy______Ihelpedlastweek.（⚠️thesame...as/that）Shehasmorebooks______Icancount.（⚠️比较级+than）therearevery

few______

admirehistalents.（⚠️few/nobody/noone...but）Theway______hesolvedtheproblemwascreative.Thetower,______topcanbeseenfromafar,is500mtall.（★）Theprofessor______youmentionedwillgivealecture.Themoment______therocketlaunchedwasthrilling.Thevillage______theyliveinisverypoor.Thecat,______tailisfluffy,lovestocuddle.（★）Thedata______wecollectedsupportsthetheory.Theartist______paintingsareabstractwonaprize.Theairport______wearrivedatishuge.Theoldlady,______sonworksabroad,livesalone.（★）Theexam______wetookyesterdaywasdifficult.Thefactory______workersareonstrikeproducescars.Section3:综合段落填空（3650题）Paragraph1Myuncle,36.______isachef,openedarestaurant37.______servesItalianfood.Theingredients38.______heusesareimported.Thetable39.______wesatatwasbythewindow.Theday40.______wevisitedwashisbirthday.Paragraph2Themuseum41.______wetouredhasadinosaurskeleton,42.______wasdiscoveredin1990.Theguide43.______showedusaroundexplainedthehistory,44.______wasfascinating.Thereason45.______it’sfamousisitsuniquecollection.Paragraph3Theboy46.______bikewasstolencried.Thepoliceofficer47.______helpedhimwaskind.Theplace48.______thecrimehappenedisundersurveillance.Thethief,49.______facewascaughtoncamera,wasarrested.Thejusticesystem,50.______wetrust,workedperfectly.答案：Section2as/that（thesame...as/that）than（比较级+than）that/inwhich（⚠️theway后可用that或inwhich，或省略）whose（非限定性）whom/who（宾语）when（时间状语）where/which/that（⚠️livein后可用which/that作宾语）whose（非限定性）that/which（宾语）whose（所属关系）where/which/that（⚠️arriveat后可用which/that作宾语）whose（非限定性）that/which（宾语）whose（所属关系）Section3who（非限定性）that/which（主语）that/which（宾语）which/that（介词+宾语）when（时间状语）that/which（宾语）which（非限定性）who/that（主语）which（非限定性，指整句）why/forwhich（reason固定搭配）whose（所属关系）who/that（主语）where（地点状语）whose（非限定性）which（非限定性，指整句）课堂总结家庭作业一、语法填空（每空1分，共20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的关系词（who,whom,whose,which,that,where,when）或适当形式（如介词+关系代词）。Passage1Lastsummer,Ivisitedasmallvillage(1)______wasfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.Thevillagers,(2)______wereveryfriendly,showedmearound.Oneoldman,(3)______housewasatthetopofthehill,toldmemanyinterestingstories.Theplace(4)______helivedhadalonghistory.Istillremembertheday(5)______Ifirstarrivedthere—itwassunnyandwarm.Passage2Ihaveabestfriend(6)______nameisLiHua.Heistheboy(7)______alwayshelpsmewithmystudi