湖北省武汉市五校联合体2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武汉市五校联合体2024-2025学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatisWendy’sscoreinthehistoryexam?A.92. B.96. C.99.【答案】B【原文】M:Igot92inmyhistoryexam,Wendy,howaboutyou?W:Igot96butTinawasthebestinourclass.Shegot99.2.Whatistheweatherlikerightnow?A.Rainy. B.Snowy. C.Sunny.【答案】A【原文】W:Haveyoucheckedtheweatherreportfornextweek?M:Yeah,Ican’tbelieveit.Ijustputmysnowbootsaway.W:Well,you’dbettergetthembackoutagain.It’spouringoutsidenow.Whenoneartharewegoingtoseesomesunshine?3.Whatisthewomangoodat?A.Singing. B.Playingtheguitar. C.Playingthedrums.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouhaveatalentforsingingorplayingamusicalinstrumentliketheguitarperhaps?W:I’mnotreallyasingertobehonest,butI’mnotbadatplayingthedrums.4.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Readingabook.B.Answeringacontestquestion.C.Takinganonlineclass.【答案】B【原文】W:Takeiteasy.You’reonyourfinalquestion.Getthisonerightandyou’llwalkawaywithacomputer.Whichcountryisthelargestintheworld?M:Oh,I’vereadthisinabookbefore.It’sRussia.W:Congratulations!You’vewonthecomputer.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Waystoimprovepublichealth.B.Theeconomicimpactonindustries.C.Thenewenvironmentalpollutionlaws.【答案】C【原文】M:Haveyoureadthenewenvironmentalpollutionlaws?Imustsaythey’retoostrict.W:That’strue,butthey’reimportantforeveryone’shealth.M:Iunderstandtheirintention,butsomeindustriesmightstruggletomakeaprofit.W:Yes,theymayneedtothinkofotherwaystodobusiness.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.7.Whatwillthemando?A.Haveagoodsleep. B.Takesomemedicine. C.Getthetoothpulledout.【答案】6.A7.C【原文】W:Mike,comeandeatyourbreakfast.M:Ohmom,eatingisaheadacheformeatthemoment.W:What’swrongwithyou?M:It’smytooth.LastnightithurtsomuchthatIcouldn’tsleep.IguessIshouldseethedentistagainthismorning.W:Okay,butyoujustvisitedMrsgreenlastweek.Whatdidshesay?M:Shesaid:“I’mafraidit’sgoingtobenecessarytotakethetoothout”.Iwasfrightened,soIjustaskedhertogivemesomemedicine.W:Iguessyouhavenochoicethistime.M:Youareright.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.HowarethemanandKellyplanningtotraveltoCornwall?A.Bytrain. B.Byplane. C.Bycar.9.WhatwillKellydoinCornwall?A.Visithersister. B.Gosurfing. C.Doupherhouse.10.Whenwillthemanreturnhome?A.OnTuesday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnThursday.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【原文】M:Whatareyougoingtododuringthecomingholiday,Jane?W:I’mgoingtodoupthehouse.WhataboutyouandKelly?M:We’reconsideringatriptoCornwall.Wethoughtabouttakingthetrain,buttheschedulesaren’tconvenient.W:Whataboutflying?It’smuchquicker.M:True.Butwewanttoexplorethecountryside,sowe’regoingtohireacaranddrivedown.W:Thatsoundslikefun.Whatareyouplanningtodothere?M:I’mgoingtogosurfingiftheweather’sokayandKelly’sgoingtovisithersister.W:WillyoubebackbyTuesday?M:Kellywill,butI’mtakinganextradayoffwork,soI’mnotdrivingbacktillWednesday.W:HowisKellygettinghomethen?M:Goodquestion,butIhaven’tthoughtaboutthat.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatdoesAnna’sfatherprobablydo?A.Aneditor. B.Ahost. C.Ajournalist.12.WhatdoesAnnasayabouthernewhouse?A.Ithassmallrooms. B.Ithasgreenspaces. C.Itisonabusystreet.13.Whatwillthewomandonextweekend?A.Visithergrandparents.B.Hostthemaninthenewhouse.C.Gobacktoheroldhouse.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】M:HiAnna,how’syournewhouse?Youmovedduringthesummer,right?W:Yes,mydadgotanewjobatthenewstationacrosstown,sowemovedclosertohiswork.M:Doesheneedtoreportwhatishappeningonthespot?W:Yes,helovesthejob.M:Whataboutyournewhouse?W:Ournewhouseisgreat.Ihaveabigroomwithadeskformyhomeworkandalargebookcaseforallmybooks.M:Thatsoundsnice.Whatabouttherestofthehouse?W:IloveitandithaslargeroomswithbigWindows.Plus,mymomplantedflowersandtreesallaroundit.It’sreallypretty,alotnicerthanouroldhouse.Myoldroomwassmallandthehousewasplainwithnoflowers,butIstillmissit.Ihavesomanysweetmemoriesthere.M:I’mhappyforyou.I’dlovetocomeoverandseeyousometime,maybethisweekendornext.W:ThisSaturdaywouldbegood,Dave.NextweekendIneedtovisitmygrandparentsinthecountryside.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tobookatable. B.Tomakeachange. C.Tomakeasuggestion.15.Howmanypeoplewillcomefordinner?A.5. B.7. C.9.16.Whattimedoesthemanfinallybookaseatfor?A.6:30pm. B.7:00pm. C.7:30pm.17.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Givethemanacall.B.Textthemanamessage.C.TalktothemanonWeChat.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.B【原文】W:Hello,sunshinerestaurant.M:Hi.Ibookedatablefortomorrowevening.It’sunderthenameSteveatseveno’clock.W:Ohyes,Iseeithere.Isthereanythingwrong?M:Well,there’sabitofaproblem.WhenImadethereservationlastWednesday,itwasforfivepeople.Butnowtwoothercoupleswanttojoinus.W:You’reawaretomorrowisFriday,right?We’refullybooked.M:Yeah,Ithoughtso.Well,thanksanyway.W:Waitaminute.Imighthaveasolution.Howaboutmovingyourreservationto7:30?Thatway,Icanseatallofyoutogether.M:Wow,really?W:Yes,alargegroupisdiningatsixthirtyandI’msurethey’llbedonebythen.Hasyourphonenumberstayedthesame?I’llsendyouatextmessagetoconfirmthechange.M:Yes,thankyousomuch.Bytheway,canIpaywithWeChatpay?W:Certainly.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhatimpressedthespeakermostaboutMrSmith?A.Hisabilitytoadapttonewenvironments.B.Hisabilitytodealwithpressure.C.Hisskillsincomputer.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofMrSmith?A.Experienced. B.Confident. C.Generous.20.WhencanMrSmithhavetheinterview?A.OnTuesday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnThursday.【答案】18.C19.A20.B【原文】HelloMr.Smith,thisisavoicemessagefromHelenKane.I’mpleasedtoinformyouthatwehavereceivedyourapplicationfortheopenpositioninourcompany.Afterreviewingyourapplication,especiallyyourstrongcomputerprogrammingskills,mycolleaguesandIhavedecidedthatwewouldliketomeetwithyouassoonaspossible.WeareverypleasedwithyourworkexperienceintheUS.Asweallknow,beinganengineerisademandingjobandweareoftenunderpressure.GivenyourmanyyearsofexperienceintheUS,weareconfidentthatyouwillfitinwellwithourteam.Pleaseemailmycolleaguelily@toarrangeatimefortheinterview.Bytheway,IhavemeetingsonMonday,TuesdayandThursday,soyoucanchooseeitherWednesdayorFridayfortheinterview.Ilookforwardtomeetingyou,MrSmith.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADuringourSummerSchoolStudyAbroadprogram,youwillengageyourintellectualcuriositywithlike-mindedpeopleandexpandyourunderstandingoftheworld.MexicoThiseight-weekadvancedprogramexploresthecomplexhistoryofMexicothroughitsrichartisticcultureandpublicart.Youwillparticipateinartistic,social,andculturalprojectsbeingdevelopedinMexicoCity,Puebla,andOaxacathroughweeklyvisitstoanarrayofcultural,socialandartisticvenues.Prague,CzechRepublicThisprogramissituatedinPrague,oneoftheworld’smostbeautifulcities.YouwilllearntheCzechlanguageinclass,throughimmersiveexplorationofthecityandinteractionswiththelocals.Thecoursecancountas8creditstowardforeignlanguagerequirement.Shanghai,ChinaThecityofShanghaihasdiversepeople,cultures,cuisinesandeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChina.ThisprogramwillhelpyouunderstandChinamorebroadlyinregionalandinternationalcontexts.Inadditiontoclasses,youwilltakefieldtripstohistoricallandmarks,neighborhoods,museums,eatingestablishmentsandfactories.KenyaTheprogramwillinvestigateAfricanclimaticandecologicalsciencesfromtwoworld-classfieldresearchcenters.Youwilllearnfield,lab,andcomputerscience-basedmethodsthroughlectures,dailyfieldtripsandcollaborativeresearchprojects.TheonlineapplicationopensinDecemberandtheapplicationdeadlinefallsinlateJanuaryeachyear.Clickthe“ApplyNow”buttononthewebpageofyourprogramofinteresttobedirectedtotheonlineapplication.21.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Anacademicmagazine.C.Acollegewebsite. D.Anonlineadvertisement.22.Whichprogrambestsuitsartlovers?A.PrograminMexico. B.PrograminPrague.C.PrograminShanghai. D.PrograminKenya.23.WhatdoprograminShanghaiandprograminKenyahaveincommon?A.Participantscantastelocalcuisines.B.Participantscandopracticalstudy.C.Participantscanvisitmuseumsweekly.D.Participantscanlearncomputerskills.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍暑期留学项目中墨西哥、布拉格、上海和肯尼亚的课程内容及申请信息。【21题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TheonlineapplicationopensinDecemberandtheapplicationdeadlinefallsinlateJanuaryeachyear.Clickthe'ApplyNow'buttononthewebpageofyourprogramofinteresttobedirectedtotheonlineapplication.(在线申请于12月开始，申请截止日期为每年1月下旬。点击你感兴趣的项目网页上的“立即申请”按钮，即可进入在线申请。)”可知，本文可能来自大学网站。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Mexico部分中的“Thiseight-weekadvancedprogramexploresthecomplexhistoryofMexicothroughitsrichartisticcultureandpublicart.Youwillparticipateinartistic,social,andculturalprojectsbeingdevelopedinMexicoCity,Puebla,andOaxacathroughweeklyvisitstoanarrayofcultural,socialandartisticvenues.(这个为期八周的高级项目通过丰富的艺术文化和公共艺术探索墨西哥复杂的历史。你将通过每周访问墨西哥城、普埃布拉和瓦哈卡的一系列文化、社会和艺术场所，参与正在开发的艺术、社会和文化项目。)”可知，墨西哥的项目最适合艺术爱好者。故选A项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据Shanghai,China部分中的“Inadditiontoclasses,youwilltakefieldtripstohistoricallandmarks,neighborhoods,museums,eatingestablishmentsandfactories.(除了课程之外，你还将实地考察历史地标、社区、博物馆、饮食场所和工厂。)”及Kenya部分中的“Youwilllearnfield,lab,andcomputerscience-basedmethodsthroughlectures,dailyfieldtripsandcollaborativeresearchprojects.(你将通过讲座、每日实地考察和合作研究项目学习基于实地、实验室和计算机科学的方法。)”可知，上海和肯尼亚的项目的共同点是参与者可以进行实践学习。故选B项。BIn1995,UyingaleftherhomeonthegrasslandtostudyattheInnerMongoliaUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsintheregionalcapital,Hohhot.Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.“Iwasbornonthegrassland,andIhaveafreespirit.Andtheinfrastructuresuchasroadsandtelecommunicationonthegrasslandhasbeensignificantlyimproved,soitcanbejustasconvenienttostartbusinessesatmyhome,”Uyingasaid.Followingtherecommendationofacareeradviserone-commerce,shestartedtopostvideosaboutthelifeofherdsmen(牧民)onsocialmediainJanuary2018.“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.Likemanypeoplefromtheregion,Uyingaisoftenaskediflocalsridehorsestoschoolandwork.“Manypeoplearen’tfamiliarwithlifeandcultureonthegrassland.Infact,theherdsmen’slifeonthegrasslandhasalsobeenimprovedandmodernized.Atthesametime,wehavekeptourtraditionsalive,”shesaid.BesidesenjoyingthestunningsunrisesandsunsetsintheshortvideospostedbyUyinga,peopleareparticularlyinterestedinhowherfamilypreparestraditionalMongolianfood,suchasdairyproducts,milkteaandboiledmeat.OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.Ithasreceivedmorethan9millionviewsonsocialmediaplatforms.“I’veneverimaginedpeoplecanbesointerestedinournormalroutines.Ithasmadememoredeterminedtopromoteourrichcultureandheritage,”Uyingasaid.Shenowhasmorethan1.18millionfollowersontheshortvideoplatformDouyin,butshesaidshedoesn’tliketobecalledaninfluencer.“Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.24.WhatmadeUyingacomebacktoherhometownaftergraduation?A.Hermajorintheuniversity. B.Herbeliefinthegrassland.C.Attachmenttoherhometown. D.Pressureinthebigcity.25.WhatwereUyinga’sfirstvideosaimedat?A.Showingoffherlifestyle.B.AttractingtouriststoInnerMongolia.C.PromotingtraditionalMongolianfood.D.Clarifyingmisconceptionsoftheherdsman’slife.26.WhatisknownabouttheherdsmeninInnerMongolia?A.Theyhomemakemeatproductsforwinter.B.Theyfacemanychallengesinthegrassland.C.Theyhavetotallyabandonedtheirtraditions.D.Theyenjoymakingvideosabouttheirlife.27.Whatisabesttitleforthepassage?A.Mongolia,hometoherdsmen. B.Herdsman,anewlifestyle.C.Grassland,homeofUyinga. D.Uyinga,agrasslandrecorder.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Uyinga从内蒙古大学毕业后回到家乡，通过在社交媒体发布短视频记录牧民生活，消除人们对牧民生活误解并推广草原文化的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.(在获得土地资源管理学士学位后，她立刻决定回家，因为她相信广阔的草原比大城市能提供更多机会)”可知，是她对草原的信念，即认为草原机会更多，促使Uyinga毕业后回到家乡。故选B。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.(她说：“那时没有网红发布关于内蒙古牧民生活的内容。我的首要目标是消除人们对牧民的误解”)”可知，Uyinga最初发布视频的目的是消除人们对牧民生活的误解。选D。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.(Uyinga的一个走红视频展示了她的家人为即将到来的严冬储存肉类)”可以推断，内蒙古的牧民会为过冬自制肉制品。故选A。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.(“我只是草原和牧民生活方式的记录者”她说。)”可知，主要讲述了Uyinga从内蒙古大学毕业后回到家乡，通过在社交媒体发布短视频记录牧民生活，消除人们对牧民生活误解并推广草原文化的故事。所以D“Uyinga，一名草原记录者”为短文最佳标题。故选D。CBeesdoit.Fishesdoit.Peopledoit,thoughoftenlessthantheywouldliketo.Owlsdoitinthedaytime.EvenCaenorhabditiselegans,aprimitiveroundwormmadeupofafewthousandcells,doessomethingthatlooksanawfullotlikeit.Sleepisanancient,universalexperience.Butpartlybecauseitissocommonplace,foralongtimesleepwasasubjectthatscientistshadnotwokenupto.Itisonlyinthepasthalf-centuryorsothatithasattractedtheattentionofresearchers.AnewbookfromKennethMiller,asciencejournalist,setsouttorecordthefield’sshortbutfascinatinghistory.Thebookisorganizedaroundthelifeandhardworkoffourscientists.Theearlypagesofthebook,beforethereismuchinthewayofestablishedsciencetodescribe,aretheweakest.Agooddealoftimeisspentonbiographicaldetailsandpenportraitsoftheworldthroughwhichtheymoved.Butthestorysoonpicksup.Itwandersfromthediscoveryofrapid-eye-movement(REM)sleepandcircadianrhythms—thebiologicalclocksthatgovernhumanity’sdays—totheeffectsofsleepdeprivation.Italsoexploresthepurpose,ifany,ofdreams.Underlyingitallisasenseofpsychology’sslowmaturingasascience.Newtechnologiessuchaselectroencephalographs,whichmonitorelectricalactivityinthebrain,haveofferedpractitionerstheabilitytostudybrainsdirectly,ratherthantryingtoinferwhattheyaredoingfromthebehaviouroftheirowners.Discoveriesoftenleadtonewquestionsinturn.Thatiswhyneat,tidyendingsarehardtoachieveinsciencebooks;thisoneisnodifferent.Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.Thefactitissowidespreadsuggestsitisvital.Butwhyevolutionwouldseefittoproduceanimalsthatmustspendlargeamountsoftheirtimeinsensateandunabletorespondtothreatsisstillamysteryresearchersaretryingtosolve.Foranyonecuriousaboutaskingtherightquestions,however,MrMiller’sbookisagoodplacetostart.28.WhyareCaenorhabditiselegansmentioned?A.Toprovethecommonnessofsleep.B.Tocomparedifferenttypesofsleep.C.Toarousereaders’interestinsleep.D.Togivebackgroundinformationonsleep.29.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theexplorationofdreams. B.Thecontentsofthebook.C.Theprogressofsleepscience. D.Thebiographyofthewriter.30.Howdoestheauthorfindtheendingofthebook?A.Mysterious. B.Encouraging. C.Unsatisfying. D.Influential.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insensate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Negative. B.Active. C.Sleepless. D.Feelingless.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了KennethMiller关于睡眠科学史的著作，通过四位科学家的研究历程展现该领域的发展，包括重要发现和未解之谜，指出睡眠研究仍处于探索阶段。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Beesdoit.Fishesdoit.Peopledoit,thoughoftenlessthantheywouldliketo.Owlsdoitinthedaytime.EvenCaenorhabditiselegans,aprimitiveroundwormmadeupofafewthousandcells,doessomethingthatlooksanawfullotlikeit.Sleepisanancient,universalexperience.(蜜蜂会睡觉。鱼也会睡觉。人类同样需要睡眠——尽管实际睡眠时间往往少于他们的期望。猫头鹰甚至在白天睡觉。就连由几千个细胞组成的原始线虫——秀丽隐杆线虫，也会表现出与睡眠高度相似的行为。睡眠，是一种古老而普遍的生命体验)”可知，作者通过列举蜜蜂、鱼类、人类，甚至秀丽隐杆线虫等广泛生物都存在睡眠现象，证明睡眠的普遍性。故选A项。【29题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thebookisorganizedaroundthelifeandhardworkoffourscientists.Theearlypagesofthebook,beforethereismuchinthewayofestablishedsciencetodescribe,aretheweakest.Agooddealoftimeisspentonbiographicaldetailsandpenportraitsoftheworldthroughwhichtheymoved.Butthestorysoonpicksup.Itwandersfromthediscoveryofrapid-eye-movement(REM)sleepandcircadianrhythms—thebiologicalclocksthatgovernhumanity’sdays—totheeffectsofsleepdeprivation.Italsoexploresthepurpose,ifany,ofdreams.(本书以四位科学家的生平与研究工作为主线展开。在睡眠科学尚未形成体系的前期阶段，书籍开篇部分稍显薄弱，作者耗费不少笔墨描绘科学家们的成长背景与其所处的时代画卷。不过故事很快步入正轨。从揭示快速眼动睡眠REM与支配人类作息的生物钟，即昼夜节律，到剖析睡眠剥夺的种种影响，乃至探讨梦境存在的意义，如果真有意义的话，书的内容逐渐展开)”可知，该段具体描述书中涵盖的睡眠科学研究的内容。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thatiswhyneat,tidyendingsarehardtoachieveinsciencebooks;thisoneisnodifferent.Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.(正因如此，科学著作往往难以给出清晰明确的结论——本书也不例外。尽管过去50年研究取得了诸多进展，但科学家们至今仍未真正破解睡眠的终极奥秘)”可知，作者指出该书如大多数科学著作一样，无法给出清晰明确的结论，因此对其结尾是不满意的。故选C项。【31题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.Thefactitissowidespreadsuggestsitisvital.(尽管过去50年研究取得了诸多进展，但科学家们至今仍未真正破解睡眠的终极奥秘)”和下文“unabletorespondtothreats(无法对威胁做出反应)”可知，此处从进化的角度追问睡眠的意义，描述睡眠时生物的状态，应该是“无感知、无反应”，画线词意思应该是“无感觉的”，与Feelingless意思一致。故选D项。DAseeminglyharmlessyestoarequestisjustonemorethingaddedtothepilealreadyweighingonyouandmakingitimpossibletopayattentiontowhatyoureallywantorneed.Thestrategicuseofnocantrulychangeyourqualityoflife.Sayingnotoolittle—andthusyestoomuch—hasalwaysbeenaproblemforme,duetotwoissues.Thefirstisnotvaluingthefutureproperlycomparedwiththepresent.Economistsandpsychologistshavelongstudiedthephenomenonofdiscounting(“贴现”现象),accordingtowhichwevaluesomethingrightnowmorehighlythanwevaluetheideaofhavingthesameitemin,say,ayear’stime.Abitofsuchdiscountingwon’tbreakmydecisionmakingandmessupmylife,butmanypeoplesufferfromacommonbias(偏见)called“hyperbolicdiscounting(双曲线贴现),”which,asthenamesuggests,isthesamephenomenonbuttoanextremedegree.Thisexplainsaddictivebehaviors,inwhichthelikelihoodoffuturedamage—fromdruguse,forexample—isignoredinfavorofthemomentarypresentpleasure.Hyperbolicdiscountingcanalsohelpexplainmyhabituallysayingyestosomeupcomingtask:Futureinconvenienceisignoredinfavorofthejoyavailablerightnowofsayingyouwilltakeiton.Thesecondproblemisthefearoffutureregret.Researchershaveshownthatthisconcerncanleadtoriskavoidance.Thefearoffutureregretcanleadyoutosayyestotoomanythingsifyou’reworriedaboutmissinganopportunity.Perhapsneitherhyperbolicdiscountingnorthefearofregretbothersyou,butyoustillsayyestoomuch.Inthatcase,theproblemmayoriginateinasenseofresponsibilityorguilt,notnecessarilyacharacterweakness.Itmaysimplybethecostofbeingakindperson.Butsayingyescanbecostlyindeedifpeoplearoundyouknowtheycanaskyoufornearlyanythingandyou’llagree.Whetheryouareafaulty-discounter,aregret-fearer,oraguilt-feeler,youneedtoolstohelpmanageyouryesbias.32.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoaphenomenonofdiscounting?A.Asmallactioncansetoffachainofunexpectedevents.B.Morethanonewatchdoesn’ttellmoreaccuratetime.C.Instantrewardsareovervaluedinsteadoflong-termgoals.D.Thepainofregretisgreaterthanthejoyofallthegains.33.Whyis“hyperbolicdiscounting”discussed?A.Toexplainanaddictivebehavior.B.Toclarifyanegativeeffectofsayingno.C.Toshowanexampleofbeingregretful.D.Totellanextremedegreeofdiscounting.34.Whatcausesdiscountinginparagraph5?A.Aproperfocusonthefuture. B.Thefearoffutureregret.C.Adesiretobeakindperson. D.Themomentarypleasure.35.Whatwillbediscussednexttothelastparagraph?A.Thecausesofsayingyes. B.Thetechniquesofsayingno.C.Thestrategiesoffeelingnoregret. D.Thebenefitsofmanagingyesbias.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了总是说“是”而不善于说“不”这一现象，分析了导致该现象的原因，如贴现现象、对未来后悔的恐惧、责任感或内疚感等，并指出需要方法来改变过度说“是”的倾向。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Economistsandpsychologistshavelongstudiedthephenomenonofdiscounting(“贴现”现象),accordingtowhichwevaluesomethingrightnowmorehighlythanwevaluetheideaofhavingthesameitemin,say,ayear’stime.(经济学家和心理学家长期研究“贴现”现象，根据这一现象，我们对当下某事物的估值，要高于对比如一年后拥有同一事物的估值)”可知，贴现现象是指过度重视即时奖励而非长期目标。故选C。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Abitofsuchdiscountingwon’tbreakmydecisionmakingandmessupmylife,butmanypeoplesufferfromacommonbias(偏见)called“hyperbolicdiscounting(双曲线贴现),”which,asthenamesuggests,isthesamephenomenonbuttoanextremedegree.

Thisexplainsaddictivebehaviors,inwhichthelikelihoodoffuturedamage—fromdruguse,forexample—isignoredinfavorofthemomentarypresentpleasure.(适度的这种贴现行为不会破坏我的决策，也不会扰乱我的生活，但许多人都受一种常见的偏见——“双曲线贴现”的影响。顾名思义，这与贴现是同一类现象，只不过程度极为极端。这就解释了成瘾行为，在这类行为中，诸如吸毒等行为可能带来的未来危害被忽视，人们只图当下一时的快乐。)”，可知讨论“双曲线贴现”是为了说明贴现现象的极端程度。故选D。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Perhapsneitherhyperbolicdiscountingnorthefearofregretbothersyou,butyoustillsayyestoomuch.Inthatcase,theproblemmayoriginateinasenseofresponsibilityorguilt,notnecessarilyacharacterweakness.Itmaysimplybethecostofbeingakindperson.(或许双曲线贴现和对后悔的恐惧都没有困扰到你，但你依旧频繁答应他人。在这种情况下，问题可能源于责任感或内疚感，这并非性格上的缺陷，而仅仅是做个好人的代价)”可知，是想成为善良的人的愿望导致了贴现（过度说“是”）。故选C。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whetheryouareafaulty-discounter,aregret-fearer,oraguilt-feeler,youneedtoolstohelpmanageyouryesbias.(无论你是贴现错误者、后悔恐惧者，还是内疚感强烈者，你都需要一些方法来应对你过度说‘是’的倾向)”，由此可推断接下来会讨论说“不”的技巧。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Isthereanyonewhocouldn’tspendalittlelesstimeontheirphone?Adigitaldetox(戒断)maybejustwhatyouneed.____36____Whenpeopleheartheworddetox,theymaythinkit’sastrictall-or-nothingthing,butitdoesn’thavetobethatextreme.Herearesomeideastogetyoustarted.It’sonethingtosayyou’regoingtogetridofyourphoneonyournextvacation,butit’squiteanotherthingtoactuallydoit.____37____Onceyougetusedtosmallblocksoftimewithoutit,itwillbeeasierandeasiertoforgethowmuchyoureliedonit.Ifyou’reinasituationwhereyoucan’tdropyourphone,blockouttimetousetechnologyduringthemomentsyouabsolutelyhavetouseit.Forexample,spendamorninginbedonaSaturdaytocatchuponsocialmediaandthenrelylessonyourphonetherestoftheday.____38____Nottosoundtoomuchlikealecturingmom,butmealtimesshouldbequalitytimewithyourdiningcompanionsinreallife.Quick-responsecodesformenusatrestaurantscanbealittleannoyingtoo,sinceyou’rediningoutwithfriendstospendtimewiththem,notgetabsorbedinyourphone.____39____Ifyouhavetouseyourphonetoorderdinner,putitbackinyourpurseassoonasyoucan.____40____Whereyousleep,forexample,shouldbearestfulplace,notaplacetogetworkedupoversocialmediaposts.Startyourdigitaldetoxbytakingthetelevisionoutoftheroom,anddefinitelykeepyourphoneelsewherewhileyousleep.A.Youarenotaloneasadigitaladdict.B.Keepyourphoneawayfromyourbed.C.Askforapapermenuwheneverpossible.D.Specifysomeareasofyourhomeastech-free.E.Trysettingasideyourphoneforanafternooninstead.F.Itisaplannedandmindfulbreakfromdigitaltechnology.G.Youjustmightfindthatyounowhavetimeforanewhobby.【答案】36.F37.E38.G39.C40.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行数字戒断，帮助人们减少使用手机等数字技术产品的时间，给出了如从短时间放下手机开始、规划使用时间、用餐时避免使用手机以及设置无科技区域等建议。【36题详析】根据上文“Adigitaldetox(戒断)maybejustwhatyouneed.(数字戒断可能正是你所需要的)”及下文“Whenpeopleheartheworddetox,theymaythinkit’sastrictall-or-nothingthing,butitdoesn’thavetobethatextreme.(当人们听到‘戒断’这个词时，他们可能会认为这是一种严格的非此即彼的事情，但不一定非要那么极端)”可知，此处应解释数字戒断是什么，承上启下，引出后文关于如何进行数字戒断的内容。故F选项“它是一个有计划、有意识地从数字技术中抽离的休息”符合语境，故选F。【37题详析】根据上文“It’sonethingtosayyou’regoingtogetridofyourphoneonyournextvacation,butit’squiteanotherthingtoactuallydoit.(说要在下次度假时摆脱手机是一回事，但实际做到又是另一回事)”及下文“Onceyougetusedtosmallblocksoftimewithoutit,itwillbeeasierandeasiertoforgethowmuchyoureliedonit.(一旦你习惯了一小段时间不用它，就会越来越容易忘记你有多依赖它)”可知，空处应承上启下，给出实际可行的减少手机使用时间的方法，引出后文习惯短时间不用手机的好处。E选项“试着先把手机放在一边一个下午”符合语境，故选E。【38题详析】根据上文“Forexample,spendamorninginbedonaSaturdaytocatchuponsocialmediaandthenrelylessonyourphonetherestoftheday.(例如，周六早上在床上浏览社交媒体，然后当天其余时间少依赖手机)”可知，上文说明要减少依赖手机，空处应介绍这样做可能带来的积极影响。G选项“你可能会发现你现在