第3讲 八上英语冠词

第3章冠词冠词是虚词，本身无词义也不能单独使用，它用在名词前帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词：adog一只狗；anant一只蚂蚁定冠词：thedog这只狗；theant这只蚂蚁1.不定冠词不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示某类人或物中不确定的一个。Thisisaposterofanactionmovie.（这是一张动作电影的海报。）Beijingisabeautifulcity.（北京是一座美丽的城市。）1.不定冠词的形式A.不定冠词有a[ə]和an[ən]两种形式。a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。aEuropeancountryauniversity（注意：注意辨识是否元音：两词首字母e和u是元音字母，但音标是[j]和[ju]，它们不是元音，而是辅音。）aboyanislandanelephantanonionanhonouranhour（注意：注意h不发音：h是辅音字母，但它不发音。hour开头的音标是[au]，是元音。）anumbrella（u读[ʌ]，是元音，前面也要用an）B.形容词修饰名词时，不定冠词要放在形容词前，用a或an取决于形容词的读音。abike→anoldbike一辆旧自行车anisland→alargeisland一个巨大的岛aboy→anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩anelephant→awhiteelephant一头白象2.不定冠词的用法（1）用在可数名词的单数形式前面A.表示一类事物或人中的任意一个。Thereisanislandoverthere.（那儿有一个岛。）Besuretobringmeadictionary.（一定要给我带一本字典来。）Heworkssixdaysaweek.（他一周工作六天。）Ifoundasmallgirlcryinginthecorner.（我发现一个小女孩在拐角处哭。）补充：a/an表示“一”a/an用在hundred，thousand，million等词前，具有one的意思，一般译成“一”。B.表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。Anearisanorganforlistening.（耳朵是听觉器官。）Atigerisawildanimal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：a表示“一类”a在这里只表示某一类，实际上它的意义和“Tigersarewildanimals.”一样。Apighasathintail.（猪有条细尾巴。）Anowlcanseeinthedark.（猫头鹰能在黑暗中看见东西。）（2）用在专有名词前面不定冠词用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”“一种”“一类”或“一个类似……的”。TherewasaMr.Whitelivinginthatoldhouselastyear.（去年有个怀特先生住在那个老房子里。）ThatcityisaVeniceinChina.（那个城市是中国的威尼斯。）必背：含有a的词组haveawordwithsb.和某人谈话haveadrink喝点什么haveabath/ashower洗澡，淋浴haveaswim游泳havealook(at)看一看haveatalk谈话haveafever发烧have/takeawalk散步haveagoodtime过得愉快haveanicetrip旅途愉快givealesson授课havearest休息一下ina/oneword总之（一句话）manyatime许多次2.定冠词定冠词表示特定的一个或一类人、事物，表示“这”“那”“这些”“那些”的意思，在可数名词的单、复数及不可数名词前都可以使用。ThisisthewatchIborrowedyesterday.（这就是我昨天借的那只手表。）ThepeopleImettherewereveryfriendly.（我在那里遇到的人很友善。）1.定冠词的发音定冠词the只有一种书写形式，但发音有两种，它在辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前弱读为[ðə]，在元音开头的词前重读为[ði]。thesituation弱读[ðəˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn]（这种形势）thebigonion弱读[ðəbigˈʌnjən]（这个大个的洋葱）theAmericans重读[ðiəˈmerɪkənz]（这些美国人）theoldpeople重读[ðiəʊldˈpiːpl]（这些老年人）2.定冠词的基本用法（1）用在带有定语的名词前面定冠词用在带有定语的名词前面，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Thestudentsinthatroom（定语）areallfromAmerica.（那间屋子里的学生都来自于美国。）Showmethephotoofyourfamily（定语）.（给我看看你家人的照片。）（2）用在重新提到的人或事物前面Imetalovelygirlatthegate.Look,thisisthegirlcoming.（我在门口遇到一个可爱的女孩。看，就是正走过来的这个女孩。）Cutupatomato,andputthetomatoonthebread.（将一个西红柿切碎，再将切碎的西红柿放在面包上。）说明：the在这里特指前面提到的那个西红柿。（3）用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面Pleasefillintheformandsignit.（请填写表格并签字。）Oh,youmeantheboys.Openthewindowandyoucanseethem.（哦，你指的是那些男孩子们，打开那扇窗户，你就能看见他们了。）（4）用在单数可数名词前面定冠词用在单数可数名词的前面，表示某一类人或事物。这种用法和不定冠词的用法相似。（请参见本章不定冠词部分的举例）Thetigerisawildanimal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：表示某一类人或事物时，可以用以下三种方法：Thedogisausefulanimal.（dog前用定冠词）→Adogisausefulanimal.（dog前用不定冠词）→Dogsareusefulanimals.（dog本身用复数）狗是（一种）有用的动物。3.定冠词的特殊用法（1）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前面theeast东方thewest西方thesouth南方thenorth北方theleft左边theright右边theworld世界theuniverse宇宙theearth地球theMars火星themoon月亮thesun太阳Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.（我们的朋友遍天下。）IlivetothewestoftheSummerPalace.（我住在颐和园的西边。）（2）用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面It’sthesecond（序数词）countrytheywillvisitinAsia.（这是他们在亚洲要访问的第二个国家。）Autumnisthebest（形容词最高级）seasoninBeijing.（秋天是北京最好的季节。）Heistheonlystudent（only修饰名词）whodidn’tpasstheexam.（他是惟一一个没通过考试的学生。）（3）用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等地理专有名词前面theRiverSeine塞纳河theYangtzeRiver长江theNorthChinaPlain华北平原theYellowRiver黄河TheYangtzeRiverislongerthantheYellowRiver.（长江比黄河长。）（4）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前面theGreatWall长城theUnitedNations/theUN联合国thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国（注意：专有名词前不用冠词：一般情况下，专有名词前不用冠词，所以China之前不用冠词。）（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前面定冠词用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。TheTaylorswerehavingdinnerwhenIcamein.（当我进来时，泰勒全家人/泰勒夫妇正在吃饭。）说明：theTaylors的两种译法theTaylors可译为泰勒全家，也可译为泰勒夫妇。Don’tforgettoinvitetheGreens.（别忘了邀请格林夫妇。）（6）用在乐器名词前面playtheflute吹笛子playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheguitar弹吉他playthepiano弹钢琴Hecanplaytheviolinwell,buthecan’tplaythepiano.（他拉小提琴拉得很好，可他不会弹钢琴。）（7）和某些形容词连用定冠词和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。therich富人thedeaf聋人theyoung年轻人thepoor穷人theblind盲人theold老人Thepoorareagainsttheplan,buttherichareforit.（穷人们反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。）注意：在这种情况下，谓语动词需用复数形式。Shedevotedherlifetohelpingthepoor.（她毕生都在帮助穷人。）必背：含有the的词组及句型inthedaytime在白天at/inthebeginning开始inthemiddleof...在……中间intheend最后，终于bytheway顺便说一下thesameas...同……一样in/atthefrontof...在某物的前部ontheright/left在右边/左边thedaybeforeyesterday前天thedayaftertomorrow后天inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上onthenightofMarch12th在3月12日的夜晚句型：What’sthematterwith...?=What’swrongwith...?（……怎么了？）What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?（你怎么了？）句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……越……）Thesooner,thebetter.（越快越好。）Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouget.（你吃得越多就越胖。）3.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词这些词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、国名等。专有名词：Tom汤姆HydePark海德公园China中国Shanghai上海NewYear’sDay新年May五月Tian’anmenSquare天安门广场物质名词：Paperismadefrombamboo.（纸是竹子做的。）Afishcan’tlivewithoutwater.（鱼儿离不开水。）抽象名词：Welovepeace.（我们热爱和平。）Don’tgiveuphope.（不要放弃希望。）（2）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词Weareallstudents.（我们都是学生。）Ilikeseeingfilms.（我喜欢看电影。）（3）有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词（⚪）a/theschoolbag（⚪）his/my/her...schoolbag（⚪）this/thatschoolbag（⚪）these/thoseschoolbags（⚪）both/all/(a)fewschoolbags（×）a/thehisschoolbag（×）a/thethatschoolbag（×）theboth/allschoolbags（⚪）Mike’sschoolisoverthere.（迈克的学校就在那边。）（×）TheMike’sschoolisoverthere.说明：限定词不能连用冠词对名词起限定作用，因此，又称冠词为限定词。my，this等也是限定词中的一种。在英语中，不能把两个限定词并连起来使用。（4）表示特别含义的名词前不用冠词在表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前一般不用冠词。Heusuallyhas(his)supperathome.（通常他都在家里吃晚饭。）Neithervolleyballnorbasketballisahundredyearsold.（排球和篮球都没有一百年的历史。）Welikeeatingwatermelonsinsummer.（夏天我们喜欢吃西瓜。）LittleTomgoestoschoolinSeptember.Helikesallsubjectsexceptchemistry.（小汤姆九月份去上学了，除了化学之外，他喜欢所有的学科。）重要：民间节日前用定冠词在民间节日前，即以festival组成的节日名称前要加定冠词the。theSpringFestival春节；theMid-AutumnFestival中秋节（5）家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前不用冠词Ifyoupromiseme,I’llmakeyouKing.（如果你答应我，我会让你当上国王。）FatherisonbusinessinShanghai.（爸爸在上海出差。）补充：家庭成员名称的表示这时，家庭成员的名称即使不在句首，其首字母也要大写。如果有必要，可以在家庭成员的名称前加my，our等物主代词。Sir,pleaseshowmeanotherone.（先生，请给我看看另外一个。）（6）与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词bycar乘汽车bytaxi乘出租车bybike骑自行车bymail邮寄byland由陆路bysea由水路（7）两个相同或相对的名词构成的平行结构前不用冠词两个关系密切、经常成对使用的单数可数名词，或者用介词或连词连结成的平行结构，其前面的冠词经常省略。dayandnight日夜fromheadtofoot从头到脚heartandsoul全心全意地fromrighttoleft从右到左manandboy从小到大facetoface面对面fatherandson父子arminarm臂挽着臂husbandandwife夫妻dayafterday日复一日penandink笔墨inchbyinch一点点地knifeandfork刀叉sidebyside肩并肩Theworkersbuiltthebridgedayandnight.（工人们日夜不停地修建桥梁。）Iwantpenandink.（我需要笔墨。）（8）在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同A.school，church，market，bed等为表示“处所”的名词，当它们只是指与这些“处所”的用途或功能有关的活动，而不是指具体地点时，其前面通常不加冠词。gotoschool(tostudy)去上学gotomarket(tobuyorsell)去市场gotobed(tosleep)就寝gotochurch(topray)去做礼拜B.当指明地点，或是为其他目的去这些处所时，它们前面就要加上冠词。gotothebed到床跟前去gotothechurch去教堂必背：不带冠词的词组gotohospital去医院看病gotoprison进监狱（成为犯人）gotochurch做礼拜gotomarket去市场（买东西）gotocollege上大学（读书）catchfire着火bybus/train/plane/air,sea/water乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/轮船bybike骑自行车onfoot步行CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）陷阱例题①A:Doyouplay__________pianoinyourfreetime?B:No,Ilikesports.Ioftenplay__________soccerwithmyfriends.【福州中考】A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;a句意提示：A：你业余时间弹钢琴吗？B：不，我喜欢体育运动。我常和我的朋友们一起踢足球。陷阱追击：本题考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。乐器和球类运动等名词前是否用冠词、用定冠词还是不定冠词，是最容易误用的地方。正确解析：乐器名词前要用定冠词the，球类名词前不用冠词。正确答案为B。陷阱例题②Maryhasabadcold.Shehastostayin__________bed.【长沙中考】A.aB./C.the句意提示：玛丽得了重感冒。她不得不卧床休息。陷阱追击：本题考查不用冠词的情况。受题干中前一句子的影响，容易误选A或C。正确解析：stayinbed是固定短语，不用冠词，表示“呆在床上休息”。正确答案为B。陷阱例题③What__________usefulbook!And__________bookispopularwithstudents.【达州中考】A.a;aB.an;aC.the;theD.a;the句意提示：多么有用的一本书啊！这本书很受学生们的欢迎。陷阱追击：不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，本题第一个空容易误选。正确解析：useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a；第二个空考查第二次提到的事物用定冠词the。正确答案为D。陷阱例题④Iusuallyhaveanegg,somebreadand__________cupofmilkfor__________breakfast.【成都中考】A.a;aB.the;theC.a;/句意提示：早餐我通常吃一个鸡蛋、一些面包，然后再喝一杯牛奶。陷阱追击：在表示三餐、季节、星期、语言、学科、游戏和棋类等名词前一般不用冠词。本题第二个空容易误选A或B。正确解析：不定冠词a在固定短语acupofmilk中表示数量“一”。正确答案为C。FinalCheck（实力测验）1.用适当的冠词（a/an，the）填空，不需要填冠词时用“/”来表示1.Icometo__________schoolby__________bus.2.Thismorning__________buswaslate.3.Iwentto__________restaurantlastnight.4.Iwentto__________bedlate.5.A:Wherearemyshoes?B:On__________floorof__________kitchen.6.Beijingis__________capitalofChina.7.What’s__________nameof__________theatrewewenttolastnight?8.Whattimedoesyourplanearrive?I’llcometo__________airporttomeetyou.9.Whenyoucometobed,canyouput__________catoutandturnoff__________lights?10.Lastnightwehad__________dinnerin__________restaurant.11.A:Howmucharethedrivinglessons?B:Fifteenpounds__________hour.12.Wearrivedin__________Parison__________thirdofAugust.13.JaneandBillare__________verynicecouple.Janehas__________clothesshop,andBillworksin__________officein__________centreoftown.14.Leaveearlyifyouwanttomiss__________rushhour.15.Myfriendlivesin__________samestreetasI.16.Mysisteris__________teacherin__________schoolnearTianjin.Shehasthreechildren,twogirlsand__________boy.__________girlsareinherclassatschool,but__________boyisn’toldenoughforschoolyet.17.A:Wherearethey?B:They’rein__________garden.18.Wehad__________lovelyholidayinSpain.We’regoingbackthere__________nextyear.19.Myfavouritesubjectis__________history,butI’mnotverygoodat__________maths.20.Iworkfor__________companythatmakes__________carpets.21.Iwasat__________homeall__________dayyesterday.2.用适当的冠词填写下列短文（一）L:ladyG:guestL:Wouldyoulike(1)__________apple?G:Oh,yesplease!Ilove(2)__________apples.L:Well,there’s(3)__________bigoneandsomesmallones.G:Oh,I’llhave(4)__________smallone,please.L:Areyousureyouwon’thave(5)__________bigone?G:Yes,thanks!What(6)__________tastyapple!L:Good.AndI’llhave(7)__________bigonemyself.（二）As(1)__________writer,Iseemtospend(2)__________mostof(3)__________timeworkingat(4)__________home,notin(5)__________office,sittingin(6)__________frontof(7)__________typewriter.In(8)__________fact,(9)__________onlypeopleIseeregularlyare(10)__________membersofmyfamilyanditisdifficulttokeepin(11)__________touchwith(12)__________friendsImadeat(13)__________school.I’malwaysgetting(14)__________lettersand(15)__________phonecallsfrom(16)__________peopleat(17)__________publisher’s,though,andIdotrytogooutof(18)__________houseat(19)__________leastonce(20)__________day.3.选择填空1.Ioftenhave__________eggandsomebreadforbreakfast.A.aB.anC.theD./2.Sheis__________Englishgirlandweare__________Chineseboys.A.a;aB.an;/C.a;theD.an;the3.Thereisadeskinhisbedroom.On__________deskthereis__________pencil-box.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4.YesterdayIwentto__________schoolon__________foot.A.the;theB./;/C.a;/D.the;/5.HarryPotterIIIis__________interestingstoryandwealllikeit.A.aB.anC.theD./6.Mysisterdoesn’tlikeplaying__________piano,butIlikeitverymuch.A.aB.anC.theD./7.A:Mum,whereismyMP4?B:It’sin__________whitebagonyourdesk.A.aB.anC.theD./8.A:Howabout__________photoshow?B:Ishouldsayitwas__________success.A.the;aB.the;/C.a;aD.a;/9.Let’sgoto__________beach—that’lltakeyourmindofftheproblemfor__________while.A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a10.Ijusthave__________cupofmilkfor__________supper.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;/D.the;/【课后作业】Choosethebestanswer.()1.______GreatWallis______longestwallintheworld.The,theB.A,aC.A,theD.The,a()2.Who’s______womanoverthere?/ B.theC.a D.an()3.Shanghaiisin______eastofChina. B.anC.a D.the()4.Icanseealittlewhitesheepinthefield.______sheepisNancy’s.A.AB.TheC.AnD./()5.______oldladyinbrownis______universityprofessor.A.An,aB.A,/C.The,anD.The,a()6.Didyouenterfor______hitjumpo4______400-meterrace.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the()7.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin______bestpartofourcountry______nextyear.A.the,theB./,theC./,/D.the,/()8.Thescientistfrom______UnitesStateslivein______NinthStreet.A.the,theB./,theC./,/D.the,/()9.Thereis______reportintoday’snewspapers.It’sabouttheInternationalFilmFestival,Shanghai.A.aB.anC.theD./()10.Theoldladyteacheschildrentoplay______pianoataweekendschool.A.aB.anC.theD./()11.Theywillhave______meetingin______thatroom.A.the,the B.a,/C./,aD./,/()12.Mygrandpausedtohave______walkinthegardenafter______supper.A.a,a B./,a C.a,/ D./,/()13.Thereis______“h”intheworld“honest”.A.a B.an C.theD./()14.Whichoceanislarger,______Pacificor______Atlantic?A.the,theB.a,a C./,/ D.the，/()15.______youngarewillingtoserve______old.A.The,theB./,/C.A,theD.A,an()16.______WhitesarewatchingTVaftersupper.A./ B.TheC.AD.An()17.______YellowRiveris______longestriverinourcountry.A.The,/B./,theC./,/D.The,the()18.Thisisastoryabout______one-eyedcaptain.A.aB.an C.theD./()19.WhereisJenny?Shehasgoneto______cinema.A.aB.an C.the D./()20.I’dliketosendtheparcelby______ship.A.aB.an C.the D./1.MarcoPoloandhisfathertraveledby.A.ashipB.shipsC.shipD.theship2.Eachyear,fishesarekilledbythepollutedwaterandmanypeoplearemadesickbythepollutedair.A.millionsofB.millionofC.twomillionsofD.twomillions3.bookisveryuseful.Iboughtitfromunknownlittletown.A.A;aB.The;aC.A;anD.The;an4.Thepostofficeisin______SeventhStreet.A.theB./C.aD.an5.Hebecameasuperstar_________.A.InhisthirtyB.InhisthirtiesC.AthisthirtyD.Athisthirties6.Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.a,theB.the,theC.the,aD.a,a7.Igotabeautifulbikeon______birthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.FifteenthB.FifteenC.MyfifteenD.Myfifteenth8.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage.________andlookatthepictureA.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five9.Ithink_________ofthematerialsIlistenedtoattheverybeginningoftheexameasy.A.Onefourths;isB.Firstfour;areC.Onefourth;areD.Firstfourth;are10.About_________oftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe_________.A.Two-thirds;1970B.Two-thirds;1970sC.Two-third;1970D.Two-third;1970s11.Tom.hasjustfinishedwritingaarticle.A.nine-hundred-wordsB.nine-hundreds-wordC.nine-hundred-wordD.nine-hundreds-words12.Wehaveknowneachotherfor.A.ayearandhalfB.ayearwithhalfC.ayearandahalfD.ayearwithahalf13.oftheworld'sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterCThirdsfourD.ThreesfourthpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.ManymillionsB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillionsof15.Aboutofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredwithwater.A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,are16.Thereareinthisbuilding,Iliveon.A.ninefloors,theninthfloorB.ninefloor,theninthfloorC.ninefloor,ninefloorsD.ninthfloor,theninthfloor17.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDams(三峡大坝)shouldbehigherthandownstream.A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifth18.Therearemorethandoctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandsofB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof19.Tomanyforeigners,Guangzhouhasbecometheirhometown.A.TwoB.secondC.thesecondD.asecondthesoldiersanddoctorswenttoYa'antohelpthepeopletheretwomonthago.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof21.Henryistallestintheirclass.A.ThreeB.thethreeC.thirdD.thethird22.Thenumberofthegirlsinourschoolaboutsix.A.are;hundredsB.is;hundredsC.are;hundredD.is;hundred23.BritainisEuropeancountryandChinais___Asiancountry.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a24.Ittookmehourandhalftofinishwork.A.a，a，aB.an，a，aC.an,a,theD.an,a，/25.Xi'anisoldcitywithlonghistory,isn'tit?A.a,anB.an,aC.the,theD.the,a26:There's"u"and____"s"in______word"use".an,a,theB.a,an,/C.a,a,aD.a,an,the27.Sheis_____newcomertochemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,theB.the,不填C.a，不填D.a,the28.Alittleboy,wrote____"U"and"n"onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;an.D.a;.a29.Maryhas___highfeverandshehastobein___hospital.A.a;/B.a;the.C./;/D.the;the30._____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a31.Wealwayshave._____ricefor______lunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,aD.the,thedoctortoldmetotakemedicinethreetimeday，stayinbed，thenIwouldbebettersoon.A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/33.TomandLucyareof____sameage.A.theB.aC.anD./34.Januaryisfirstmonthoftheyear.A.aB./C.anD.the35.Shutdoor,please.A.aB.anC.theD./36.Einsteinwon____NobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.A.aB.anC.theD./37.Ilikemusic,butIdon'tlike___musicofthatTVplay.A.aB.anC.theD./38.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD./39.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/40.AtthattimeTomwas_______one-year-oldbabyA.aB.anC.theD./41.GreatWallislongestwallintheworldA.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a42.Weoftentakepartinafterclassactivities(活动)，Iliketoplay________basketball,butmybrotherlikestoplayguitar.A.a;theB.the;theC./,/D.不填,the43.MybestfriendNeil,is_______honestboy.Youcanbelievehim.A.aB.anC.theD./44.wounded________beensenttothehospital.A.The,hasB.The,haveC./,hasD./,have45.Thechildrendreamofgoingtocollegeoneday.A.aB.theC./D.46.FatherwenttoschooltoseeMr.Chen.A.aB.theC./D.47.Wecanseesunandmooninpicture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the48.monkeycanclimbtrees.A.theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/Weoftenplayfootballinoftheschoolbuilding.afrontB.frontsC.frontD.thefront50.Thereisamaponleftofthepicture.A.theB./C.aD.an51.ThestudentsofourschoolclimbedWestMountains.A.theB.thisC.thatD./52.TheshipissailingonPacificOceanA.aB.theC./D.that第3章冠词冠词是虚词，本身无词义也不能单独使用，它用在名词前帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词：adog一只狗；anant一只蚂蚁定冠词：thedog这只狗；theant这只蚂蚁1.不定冠词不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示某类人或物中不确定的一个。Thisisaposterofanactionmovie.（这是一张动作电影的海报。）Beijingisabeautifulcity.（北京是一座美丽的城市。）1.不定冠词的形式A.不定冠词有a[ə]和an[ən]两种形式。a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。aEuropeancountryauniversity（注意：注意辨识是否元音：两词首字母e和u是元音字母，但音标是[j]和[ju]，它们不是元音，而是辅音。）aboyanislandanelephantanonionanhonouranhour（注意：注意h不发音：h是辅音字母，但它不发音。hour开头的音标是[au]，是元音。）anumbrella（u读[ʌ]，是元音，前面也要用an）B.形容词修饰名词时，不定冠词要放在形容词前，用a或an取决于形容词的读音。abike→anoldbike一辆旧自行车anisland→alargeisland一个巨大的岛aboy→anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩anelephant→awhiteelephant一头白象2.不定冠词的用法（1）用在可数名词的单数形式前面A.表示一类事物或人中的任意一个。Thereisanislandoverthere.（那儿有一个岛。）Besuretobringmeadictionary.（一定要给我带一本字典来。）Heworkssixdaysaweek.（他一周工作六天。）Ifoundasmallgirlcryinginthecorner.（我发现一个小女孩在拐角处哭。）补充：a/an表示“一”a/an用在hundred，thousand，million等词前，具有one的意思，一般译成“一”。B.表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。Anearisanorganforlistening.（耳朵是听觉器官。）Atigerisawildanimal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：a表示“一类”a在这里只表示某一类，实际上它的意义和“Tigersarewildanimals.”一样。Apighasathintail.（猪有条细尾巴。）Anowlcanseeinthedark.（猫头鹰能在黑暗中看见东西。）（2）用在专有名词前面不定冠词用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”“一种”“一类”或“一个类似……的”。TherewasaMr.Whitelivinginthatoldhouselastyear.（去年有个怀特先生住在那个老房子里。）ThatcityisaVeniceinChina.（那个城市是中国的威尼斯。）必背：含有a的词组haveawordwithsb.和某人谈话haveadrink喝点什么haveabath/ashower洗澡，淋浴haveaswim游泳havealook(at)看一看haveatalk谈话haveafever发烧have/takeawalk散步haveagoodtime过得愉快haveanicetrip旅途愉快givealesson授课havearest休息一下ina/oneword总之（一句话）manyatime许多次2.定冠词定冠词表示特定的一个或一类人、事物，表示“这”“那”“这些”“那些”的意思，在可数名词的单、复数及不可数名词前都可以使用。ThisisthewatchIborrowedyesterday.（这就是我昨天借的那只手表。）ThepeopleImettherewereveryfriendly.（我在那里遇到的人很友善。）1.定冠词的发音定冠词the只有一种书写形式，但发音有两种，它在辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前弱读为[ðə]，在元音开头的词前重读为[ði]。thesituation弱读[ðəˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn]（这种形势）thebigonion弱读[ðəbigˈʌnjən]（这个大个的洋葱）theAmericans重读[ðiəˈmerɪkənz]（这些美国人）theoldpeople重读[ðiəʊldˈpiːpl]（这些老年人）2.定冠词的基本用法（1）用在带有定语的名词前面定冠词用在带有定语的名词前面，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。Thestudentsinthatroom（定语）areallfromAmerica.（那间屋子里的学生都来自于美国。）Showmethephotoofyourfamily（定语）.（给我看看你家人的照片。）（2）用在重新提到的人或事物前面Imetalovelygirlatthegate.Look,thisisthegirlcoming.（我在门口遇到一个可爱的女孩。看，就是正走过来的这个女孩。）Cutupatomato,andputthetomatoonthebread.（将一个西红柿切碎，再将切碎的西红柿放在面包上。）说明：the在这里特指前面提到的那个西红柿。（3）用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面Pleasefillintheformandsignit.（请填写表格并签字。）Oh,youmeantheboys.Openthewindowandyoucanseethem.（哦，你指的是那些男孩子们，打开那扇窗户，你就能看见他们了。）（4）用在单数可数名词前面定冠词用在单数可数名词的前面，表示某一类人或事物。这种用法和不定冠词的用法相似。（请参见本章不定冠词部分的举例）Thetigerisawildanimal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）说明：表示某一类人或事物时，可以用以下三种方法：Thedogisausefulanimal.（dog前用定冠词）→Adogisausefulanimal.（dog前用不定冠词）→Dogsareusefulanimals.（dog本身用复数）狗是（一种）有用的动物。3.定冠词的特殊用法（1）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前面theeast东方thewest西方thesouth南方thenorth北方theleft左边theright右边theworld世界theuniverse宇宙theearth地球theMars火星themoon月亮thesun太阳Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.（我们的朋友遍天下。）IlivetothewestoftheSummerPalace.（我住在颐和园的西边。）（2）用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面It’sthesecond（序数词）countrytheywillvisitinAsia.（这是他们在亚洲要访问的第二个国家。）Autumnisthebest（形容词最高级）seasoninBeijing.（秋天是北京最好的季节。）Heistheonlystudent（only修饰名词）whodidn’tpasstheexam.（他是惟一一个没通过考试的学生。）（3）用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等地理专有名词前面theRiverSeine塞纳河theYangtzeRiver长江theNorthChinaPlain华北平原theYellowRiver黄河TheYangtzeRiverislongerthantheYellowRiver.（长江比黄河长。）（4）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前面theGreatWall长城theUnitedNations/theUN联合国thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国（注意：专有名词前不用冠词：一般情况下，专有名词前不用冠词，所以China之前不用冠词。）（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前面定冠词用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。TheTaylorswerehavingdinnerwhenIcamein.（当我进来时，泰勒全家人/泰勒夫妇正在吃饭。）说明：theTaylors的两种译法theTaylors可译为泰勒全家，也可译为泰勒夫妇。Don’tforgettoinvitetheGreens.（别忘了邀请格林夫妇。）（6）用在乐器名词前面playtheflute吹笛子playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheguitar弹吉他playthepiano弹钢琴Hecanplaytheviolinwell,buthecan’tplaythepiano.（他拉小提琴拉得很好，可他不会弹钢琴。）（7）和某些形容词连用定冠词和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。therich富人thedeaf聋人theyoung年轻人thepoor穷人theblind盲人theold老人Thepoorareagainsttheplan,buttherichareforit.（穷人们反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。）注意：在这种情况下，谓语动词需用复数形式。Shedevotedherlifetohelpingthepoor.（她毕生都在帮助穷人。）必背：含有the的词组及句型inthedaytime在白天at/inthebeginning开始inthemiddleof...在……中间intheend最后，终于bytheway顺便说一下thesameas...同……一样in/atthefrontof...在某物的前部ontheright/left在右边/左边thedaybeforeyesterday前天thedayaftertomorrow后天inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上onthenightofMarch12th在3月12日的夜晚句型：What’sthematterwith...?=What’swrongwith...?（……怎么了？）What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?（你怎么了？）句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……越……）Thesooner,thebetter.（越快越好。）Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouget.（你吃得越多就越胖。）3.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词这些词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、国名等。专有名词：Tom汤姆HydePark海德公园China中国Shanghai上海NewYear’sDay新年May五月Tian’anmenSquare天安门广场物质名词：Paperismadefrombamboo.（纸是竹子做的。）Afishcan’tlivewithoutwater.（鱼儿离不开水。）抽象名词：Welovepeace.（我们热爱和平。）Don’tgiveuphope.（不要放弃希望。）（2）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词Weareallstudents.（我们都是学生。）Ilikeseeingfilms.（我喜欢看电影。）（3）有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词（⚪）a/theschoolbag（⚪）his/my/her...schoolbag（⚪）this/thatschoolbag（⚪）these/thoseschoolbags（⚪）both/all/(a)fewschoolbags（×）a/thehisschoolbag（×）a/thethatschoolbag（×）theboth/allschoolbags（⚪）Mike’sschoolisoverthere.（迈克的学校就在那边。）（×）TheMike’sschoolisoverthere.说明：限定词不能连用冠词对名词起限定作用，因此，又称冠词为限定词。my，this等也是限定词中的一种。在英语中，不能把两个限定词并连起来使用。（4）表示特别含义的名词前不用冠词在表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前一般不用冠词。Heusuallyhas(his)supperathome.（通常他都在家里吃晚饭。）Neithervolleyballnorbasketballisahundredyearsold.（排球和篮球都没有一百年的历史。）Welikeeatingwatermelonsinsummer.（夏天我们喜欢吃西瓜。）LittleTomgoestoschoolinSeptember.Helikesallsubjectsexceptchemistry.（小汤姆九月份去上学了，除了化学之外，他喜欢所有的学科。）重要：民间节日前用定冠词在民间节日前，即以festival组成的节日名称前要加定冠词the。theSpringFestival春节；theMid-AutumnFestival中秋节（5）家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前不用冠词Ifyoupromiseme