专项复习-小学常见的其他句型

小升初语言知识运用小学常见的其他句型一、Therebe句型Therebe句型一般表示某地有某物或存在某物。Therebe句型以there引导，here本身没有意义，后接be动词的各种形式，可用于各种时态，例如:Thereisacatunderthetable.桌子下面有只猫。Therearetwentyboysinmyclass.我班里有20位男生。Therewasasmallbridgeheretenyearsago.十年前这里有座小桥。Therewerefifteenapplesonthetreejustnow.刚才这棵树上有15个苹果。Therewillbeafootballmatchinourschooltomorrow.明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。1.Therebe句型的肯定形式（1）Therebe句型的肯定形式结构:Therebe+名词+其他成分。（2）Therebe句型中be动词的单复数形式要跟后面的名词单复数形式保持一致，并且根据就近原则来变化。①当后面接单数名词或不可数名词时,be动词用单数形式is或was,例如:Thereisatelephoneonthetable.桌上有个电话机。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。Therewasabookonthedeskjustnow.刚才桌子上有一本书。②当后面接可数名词的复数形式时,be动词用复数形式are或were,例如:Therearetwopairsofshoesunderthebed.床底下有两双鞋。Thereweresomesmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.两年前我们学校附近有些小商店。③当后面接多个并列名词时，如果第一个名词是单数，be动词就用单数形式；如果第一个名词是复数，be动词则用复数形式，这就是所谓的“就近原则”，例如:Thereisanapple,twopearsandthreebananasinthebasket.篮子里有一只苹果、两只梨和三个香蕉。Therearethreebananas,twopearsandanappleinthebasket.篮子里有三个香蕉、两只梨和一只苹果。（3）Therebe句型中的名词一般是泛指,名词前通常用a,an,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,alotof等修饰;不用the,物主代词或人名,例如:Thereisaboyintheclassroom.Thereistheboyintheclassroom.(×)ThereisMikeintheclassroom.Thereisherbookonthedesk.2.Therebe句型的否定形式（1）Therebe句型的否定形式的结构主要是:Therebe+not+名词+其他成分，例如:①Thereissomemilkinthefridge.→Thereisn'tanymilkinthefridge.冰箱里没有牛奶了。②Therewasabookonthedeskjustnow.→Therewasn'tabookonthedeskjustnow.刚才桌子上没有一本书。③Therearesomeshoesunderthebed.→Therearen'tanyshoesunderthebed.床底下没有鞋。④Therewerealotofsmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.→Thereweren'tmanysmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.两年前我们学校附近没有许多小商店。Therebe句型的另一种否定形式:在名词前加no,例如:①Thereisnomilkinthefridge.②Therewasnobookonthedeskjustnow.③Therearenoshoesunderthebed.④Therewerenosmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.（3）Therebe句型肯定形式中的some,alotof等词不能用于therebe句型的否定句或一般疑问句中,要将它们相应地改成any,many或much,例如:①Thereisalotofapplejuiceinthefridge.→Thereisn'tmuchapplejuiceinthefridge.②Therearesomebooksontheshelf.→Therearen'tanybooksontheshelf.3.Therebe句型的疑问句（1）Therebe句型的一般疑问句，把be动词移到there之前，位于句首，其结构为:Bethere+名词+其他成分?回答:Yes,therebe./No,therebenot.例如:①Isthereanywaterintheglass?杯子里有水吗?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn't.是的,有。/不,没有。②WasthereanEnglishlectureyesterdayafternoon?昨天下午有没有英语讲座?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn't.一是的,有。/不,没有。（2）Therebe句型的特殊疑问句①对名词提问:What's+地点+其他成分?/Whatwas+地点+其他成分?Thereisapictureonthewall.→What'sonthewall?Therearesomeluckystarsinthebox.→What'sinthebox?Therewasasmallbridgeheretenyearsago.→Whatwasheretenyearsago?Thereweresomesmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.→Whatwasnearourschooltwoyearsago?②对名词的数量提问:Howmany+名词复数形式+are/werethere+其他成分?例如:Thereisapictureonthewall.→Howmanypicturesarethereonthewall?Thereweretwoeggrollsontheplatejustnow.→Howmanyeggrollswerethereontheplatejustnow?典型例题对画线部分提问:(1)Therearethreedollsonthebed.____________________________________________________正确答案What'sonthebed?解题思路对Therebe句型中的名词提问用What's+地点+其他成分?Whatwas+地点+其他成分?这跟特殊疑问句的一般结构“疑问词+一般疑问句语序?"有所不同,所以这题答案不要写成Whatarethereonthebed?(2)TherewasanEnglishbookinthebookcase.____________________________________________________正确答案HowmanyEnglishbookswerethereinthebookcase?解题思路对Therebe句型中名词的数量提问，它的句型是:Howmany+名词复数形式+are/werethere+其他成分?尽管题目中的数量是an（一个），但在提问时不受其影响，howmany后面在任何情况下都是接可数名词复数形式，所以相应地跟上arethere或werethere。二、havegot/hasgot句型havegot/hasgot表示"某人拥有…",有时省略got,直接说have/has。1.havegot/hasgot的陈述句型(1)havegot/hasgot句型的肯定形式:sb.+havegot/hasgot+名词①当主语是第三人称单数时用hasgot,例如:MaryhasgotsomeBarbiedolls.玛丽有一些芭比娃娃。Tomhasgotanewyoyo.汤姆有一只新的溜溜球。Thetablehasgotfourlegs.这张桌子有四条腿。②当主语不是第三人称单数时用havegot,例如:Ihavegottwobigeyes.我有两只大眼睛。Theyhavegotalotofcandies.他们有很多糖果。LilyandLucyhavegotmanyclothes.丽丽和露茜有很多衣服。(2)havegot/hasgot句型的否定形式①havegot/hasgot句型的否定形式主要在have或has后面加not,其结构为:sb.+have/hasnotgot+名词,例如:MaryhasgotsomeBarbiedolls.→Maryhasnot(=hasn't)gotanyBarbiedolls.Theyhavegotalotofcandies.→Theyhavenot(=haven't)gotmanycandies.注意:肯定句中的some和alotof在否定句和一般疑问句中要分别改成any和many或much。②另一种否定形式是在have/has后面加no，got在句中不出现，例如:Wehaveschooltoday.→Wehavenoschooltoday.Hehassomelessonstoday.→Hehasnolessonstoday.Ihavesomehomeworktodo.→Ihavenohomeworktodo.2.havegot/hasgot的疑问句(1)havegot/hasgot句型的一般疑问句将have或has移到句首,其他不变,在句末加问号,回答用yes或no,其结构为:Have/Hassb.got+名词?回答:Yes,sb.have/has./No,sb.haven't/hasn't.例如:HaveyougotanystorybooksYes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasMarygotanyBarbiedollsYes,shehas./No,shehasn't.(2)havegot/hasgot句型的特殊疑问句havegot/hasgot句型的特殊疑问句的结构是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?例如:Jimhasgotalotoftoysinhisroom.→WhathasJimgotinhisroom?Hehasgottwotransformers.→Howmanytransformershashegot?Myparentshavegotacar.→Whoseparentshavegotacar?注意:如果询问的内容是主语部分,其结构是:疑问词+陈述句语序?例如:Ihavegotalotofbooks.→Whohasgotalotofbooks?典型例题(1)()Who_________gotalongpencil?I_________.A.has;has B.have;have C.has;have正确答案C解题思路who（谁）表示第三人称单数，后面接has，I是第一人称，后面接have。(2)()I_________anywater.A.don'tgot B.havegot C.haven'tgot正确答案C解题思路句中有any，应该用否定形式，只有C是正确的。三、感叹句感叹句表达说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等强烈情感，句末用感叹号。一般以what或how引导。1.What引导的感叹句主要修饰名词，根据名词的可数、不可数以及单复数的形式，what感叹句可分为两种情况:（1）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:Whatalovelydogitis!多可爱的一只小狗啊!Whataninterestingbookitis!这本书真有趣啊!Whataniceschoolitis!这学校多美啊!（2）What+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!例如:Whatfineweatheritis!天气多好啊!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多漂亮的花啊!Whathighbuildingstheyare!多高的建筑啊!2.How引导的感叹句主要修饰形容词或副词，其结构是:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!例如:Hownaughtyheis!他多调皮啊!Howfastheruns!他跑得多快啊!Howniceourschoolis!我们的学校多美啊!注意:What和How引导的感叹句，句末的“主语+谓语”有时在口语中是可以被省略的，例如:Whataniceschool!!Howcool!典型例题用what或how填空(1)_________agoodboy!(2)_________goodtheboyis!正确答案(1)What,(2)How解题思路（1）中agoodboy是名词词组，所以用what，该句句末省略了heis（主语+谓语）。（2）中good是形容词，所以用how，后面的theboyis是主语+谓语结构。练习一、写出下列词组的缩略形式。001.Ihavegot__________________ 002.shehasgot__________________003.theyhavegot__________________ 004.wehavegot__________________005.hehasgot__________________ 006.youhavegot__________________007.hasnotgot__________________ 008.havenotgot__________________009.ithasgot__________________ 010.whohasgot__________________011.thereis__________________ 012.thereare__________________二、用therebe的正确形式填空。013._________somebreadinthefridge.014._________anynewshoesinthatshop?015._________twoplantsinouroffice.016._________anEnglishteacheroverthere?017._________fourglassesonthetableYes.018._________anynicericeinthebox.019._________oneruler,fivebooksandtwopensinthebag.020._________fivebooks,onerulerandtwopensinthebag?021.Howmanycars_________ontheroadThereisone.022.Howmuchjuice_________inthebottle?三、用havegot或hasgot的正确形式填空。023.You_________anicedog.PeterandTom_________anicedog,too.024.Howmanybooks_________you_________I_________two.Howmanybooks_________Tom_________He_________three.025._________yougotanybrothersYes,I_________._________TomgotanybrothersYes.He_________two.026.Youandhe_________threeballs._________yoursister_________aball?Yes,she_________.027._________you_________anyfruitNo,I_________not.Who_________somefruit,thenMikeandTom_________.028.Myfriends_________notgotanypets.They_________sometoys.029.SandyandCarolgotabeautifulkiteYes,they_________.030.Atable_________fourlegs.Howmanylegs_________twotablesgot?四、用what或how填空。031._________abeautifulday!032._________interestingthefilmis!033._________afunnychild!034._________ashame!035._________awfultheweatheris!036._________wonderfulthetreesare!037._________fasthecanwalk!038._________tallwomentheyare!039._________alovelygarden!040._________unfortablethisplaceis!五、选择填空。()041.There_________somebreadontheplate.A.is B.has C.are()042.There_________alotofgreentreesinthepark.A.are B.aren't C.have()043.There_________twoeggsinthefridgethismorning,butnowthere_________onlyone.A.are;is B.were;was C.were;is()044.Thereportersaysthatthere_________aheavyraintomorrow.A.is B.was C.willbe()045.There_________abigdeskandsomesmalldesksintheclassroom.A.is B.are C.has()046.There_________threecupsandateapotonthetable.A.is B.are C.have()047._________thereanywaterintheglassYes,_________.A.Is;there's B.Are;thereare C.Is;thereis()048.Therearealotof_________inthefridge.A.meat B.chicken C.eggs()049.There_________anychildreninthepark.A.are B.aren't C.isn't()050.Therearen't_________booksinthebookcase.A.some B.alotof C.many()051._________carefullyheiscrossingtheroad!A.Howa B.What C.How()052._________bigparkitis!A.What B.Whata C.How()053._________fullbasketitis!A.What B.Whata C.How()054._________beautifultheflowersare!A.What B.Whata C.How()055._________lovelygirlstheyare!A.What B.Whata C.How()056.TomandI_________someChinesestamps.A.havegot B.hasgot C.are()057.Hisfather_________alotoffriends.A.havegot B.hasn'tgot C.hasgot()058._________thecrayonsinthebag?A.Are B.Arethere C.Have()059.Tom'sclassmates_________anyskateboards.A.havegot B.haven'tgot C.havegotnot()060.Howmanybooks_________Marygot?A.have B.has C.arethere六、按要求改写句子。061.Therearesomeboatsontheriver.(改成否定句)__________________________________________________________________062.Thereisn'tanyhoneyinthejar.(改成肯定句)__________________________________________________________________063.Thereisalittleduckswimmingintheriver.(改成一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________064.Therewerefivewatchesonthedesk.(改成一般疑问句,并作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________065.Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________066.Therearesomebigelephantsinthejungle.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________067.Therearefifteengirlsinourclass.(对面线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________068.Thereisabutterflyonthewall.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________069.Isthereacatbesidethedoor?(用adog改成选择疑问句)__________________________________________________________________070.Therearesomeolddictionariesonthedesk.(改成单数句)__________________________________________________________________071.Cindyhasgottwopairsofgloves.(改成否定句)__________________________________________________________________072.Ihaven'tgotanybiscuits.(改成肯定句)__________________________________________________________________073.Lindahasgotsomeredskirts.(改成一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________074.Hehasgotalongpencil.(改成复数句)__________________________________________________________________075.Jennyhasgottenyuan.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________076.Hisbrotherhasgotmanytoysathome.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________077.May'scousinhasgotalotofdollsinherroom.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________078.Thechildrenhavegotfivedrumsinthemusicroom.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________079.Wehavegotaputerinthestudy.(对画线部分提问)__________________________________________________________________080.Theboyhasgotatoyracingcar.Theboyhasgotaskateboard.(改为选择疑问句)__________________________________________________________________七、根据实际情况回答问题。081.Haveyougotapet?__________________________________________________________________082.Howmanybookshaveyougot?__________________________________________________________________083.Haveyougotagoodfriendornot?__________________________________________________________________084.Hasyourfathergotacar?__________________________________________________________________085.Hasyourmothergotacarornot?__________________________