【英语】山东省临沂市兰山区某中学2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中试题（解析版）

山东省临沂市兰山区山某中学2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APartofSTEMlearningisseeinganddoing,andthenrecordingandanalyzingtheresults.ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.WeatherLaboratoriesTomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdalotofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMathItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.SpaceExplorationSimulationsTheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)featuresmanySTEMlearningactivitiesforstudentsingradesK-12.Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.Theappallowsuserstoexploretheuniverseandunlockstoriesoftrailblazingscientistsandtheircontributionstospaceexplorationandscience.1.Whoaretheintendedreaders?A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Researchers.2.WhatmakesSimulationsforScienceandMathdifferentfromtheotherlabs?A.Itcoversthemostsubjects. B.Ithasatranslationcentre.C.Itoffersgamifiedlearningexperiences. D.Itprovidesmultipletoolsforrecording.3.Whatdoallthethreelabshaveincommon?A.Theycentreonproblemsolvingskills.B.Theyfacilitateadvancedscientificresearch.C.Theyprovidevirtualscientificexploration.D.TheyhelpstudentswithSTEMprojectsfromschool.【答案】1.A2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用。文章主要介绍了一些能让孩子在线学习STEM课程时更生动有趣的实验室，包括气象实验室、科学与数学模拟实验室、太空探索模拟实验室。【1题详解】推理判断题、根据第一段“ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.(但并不是所有的在线或家庭学校课程都是为了适应科学实验或其他STEM学习活动而设置的。让我们来看看一些令人兴奋的实验室，它们可以帮助您的孩子在在线学校体验中活跃STEM主题)”可知，文章介绍这些实验室是为了孩子的在线学习，所以目标读者是家长，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMath中的“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.(它是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一个项目，也是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室最丰富的单一数据库之一。调查超过150个物理、化学、数学、生物和地球科学主题。有几十种语言版本，可以根据年级、科目和可访问性进行搜索)”可知，科学和数学模拟涵盖多个学科，而其他实验室未提及如此广泛的学科范围。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据WeatherLaboratories中的“Tomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdahuhofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.(为了让了解天气变得更容易、更有趣，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）为学生和教育工作者推荐了一系列信息丰富的天气活动和虚拟实验室。事实上，他们的儿童天气科学内容以一个天气实验室应用程序为特色，该应用程序允许中学生预测天气模式，并了解当洋流和气团相互作用时会发生什么)”可知，气象实验室有虚拟实验室让学生预测天气模式；Simulations(模拟)forScienceandMath“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.(它是科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的一个项目，也是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室最丰富的单一数据库之一)”可知，科学和数学模拟是在线科学互动和虚拟实验室数据库；SpaceExplorationSimulations中的“Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.(互动模拟，也游戏化，使学习参与和乐趣为您的孩子)”可知，太空探索模拟实验室有互动模拟，让用户探索宇宙。综上所述，它们都提供了虚拟科学探索。故选C。BWhenthinkingofTCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)doctors,onemightpictureanelderlymanwithalongbeardsittinginfrontofamedicinechest.However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.TheBestThingfollowsShenXifan,ahotelmanagersufferingfromfrequentheadachesandtroublesleeping.Inhersearchforacure,shemeetsMr.He,andtheirrelationshipdeepensthroughmedicalconsultations.ToplayagenuineTCMpractitioner,ZhangstudiedChinesemedicinewithpracticingphysicians,learningtraditionaldiagnostic(诊断的)andtreatmentmethods.ThisprocesshelpedhimgainadeeperappreciationforTCM’sintegratedphilosophy,whichemphasizestheinterconnectednessofthebody,mind,andenvironment,viewinghealthasabalancebetweentheseelements.ThedramacreativelyintegratesTCMknowledgebynamingeachepisodeafteratypeofChineseherbalmedicine,connectingTCM’shealingmethodstothestoryline.Forexample,inoneepisode,Mr.Heperforms“wetcupping”totreatabreathingemergency,showcasingTCM’sroleincriticalcare.Thedramaparticularlyappealstoyoungerviewers.WiththegrowingintegrationofTCMandWesternmedicine,aswellasexpandinginternationalexchanges,TCMpractitionersandstudentsnowhavemorediversecareeropportunities.Forinstance,acupuncture(针灸)isnowcoveredinhealthinsuranceplansinmanycountries.ZhangLinghebelievesthatpassionisthedrivingforcebehindasuccessfulcareer-justlikehischaracter,He,whoremainscommittedtohispathinTCMdespitenumerouschallenges,includinginitialoppositionfromhisfather.ZhanghopestointroduceTCMtoaglobalaudience,especiallyyoungergenerations,throughthedrama’sreleaseoninternationalplatforms.4.WhatdoweknowaboutHeSuye?A.HechallengestheprinciplesofTCM.B.HeisanactorstarringinTheBestThing.C.HepresentsamodernimageofaTCMdoctor.D.HehasthesamehobbiesasotherTCMdoctors.5.WhydidZhangLinghelearnTCMtechniques?A.Topreparefortherole.B.Totreathisownillnesses.C.Tobecomeapracticingphysician.D.ToappreciateTCM’sphilosophy.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningacupuncture?A.Toexplainthediversechangesinfuturecareers.B.TodemonstrateTCM’sinternationalrecognition.C.Toshowthedrama’spopularityamongyoungerviewers.D.ToemphasizeTCM’sadvantagesoverWesternmedicine.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ATraditionalApproachtoTCMB.ANewVisionforTCM’sFutureC.ExploringtheAncientRootsofTCMD.RedefiningTCMforaGlobalAudience【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电视剧《最好的相遇》通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.(然而，在最新的医疗爱情剧《最好的相遇》中，年轻而有才华的医生何素野挑战了传统形象。何先生由27岁的演员张令河饰演，是一名性格温和的专业中医，但在工作之外。他喜欢滑板和麻辣烫（一种火锅），这改变了人们对中医的普遍看法)”可知，HeSuye打破传统中医刻板印象，展现现代形象。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ToplayagenuineTCMpractitioner,ZhangstudiedChinesemedicinewithpracticingphysicians,learningtraditionaldiagnostic(诊断的)andtreatmentmethods.(为了扮演一名真正的中医，张向执业医师学习中医，学习传统的诊断和治疗方法)”可知，Zhang学习中医技术是为了扮演一名真正的中医，即为这个角色做准备。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“WiththegrowingintegrationofTCMandWesternmedicine,aswellasexpandinginternationalexchanges,TCMpractitionersandstudentsnowhavemorediversecareeropportunities.Forinstance,acupuncture(针灸)isnowcoveredinhealthinsuranceplansinmanycountries.(随着中西医结合的不断发展，以及国际交流的不断扩大，中医从业者和学生现在有了更多样化的就业机会。例如，针灸现在被纳入许多国家的医疗保险计划)”可推知，作者提及针灸被多国医保覆盖，说明中医在国际上得到认可，即展示中医药的国际认可度。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,HeSuye,ayoungandtalentedphysicianinthelatestmedical-romancedramaTheBestThing,challengesthattraditionalimage.Playedbythe27-year-oldactorZhangLinghe,Mr.HeisaprofessionalTCMspecialistwithagentlepersonality,butoutsideofwork.heenjoyshobbieslikeskateboardingandmalatang,atypeofhotpot,reshapingcommonviewsofTCMdoctors.(然而，在最新的医疗爱情剧《最好的相遇》中，年轻而有才华的医生何素野挑战了传统形象。何先生由27岁的演员张令河饰演，是一名性格温和的专业中医，但在工作之外。他喜欢滑板和麻辣烫（一种火锅），这改变了人们对中医的普遍看法)”及最后一段“ZhanghopestointroduceTCMtoaglobalaudience,especiallyyoungergenerations,throughthedrama’sreleaseoninternationalplatforms.(张希望通过这部剧在国际平台上的上映，将中医介绍给全球观众，尤其是年轻一代)”可知，本文主要介绍了电视剧《最好的相遇》，这部电视剧通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化，即年轻中医形象为全球受众重新定义中医，并向全球推广。由此可知，D选项“RedefiningTCMforaGlobalAudience(为全球观众重新定义中医)”最适合作本文标题。故选D。CBeneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“livingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物体)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.Organismsinthesoilarebothcopiousanddiverse.Theyrangeinsizefromtheone-celledbacteria,tothemorecomplextinybugs,andtothelargerorganismssuchasinsectsandplants.Soilmicrobes(微生物)aretoosmalltobeseenwiththeunaidedeye.Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.Ifwearetounderstandthefunctionsofsoilmicrobesandtheimpactofmanagementpracticesonsoilquality,weneedtoanalyzemicrobialcommunitycompositionbeyondjustcountingindividuals.Traditionalmethodsofstudyingmicrobesoftenrelyonculturingtechniques,whichhavesignificantlimitationsastheycanonlydetectasmallpartofthemicrobialcommunity.Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.Soilmicrobesplaybothbeneficialandharmfulrolesascontributorstosoilenvironmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandgroundwaterpollution.Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.8.Whatdoesthe“livingskin”oftheearthmainlydo?A.Sustainlifeontheearth. B.Controlmicrobialpopulation.C.Protectthesurfaceoftheearth. D.Monitorchangesintheecosystem.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“copious”inparagraph2mean?A.Small. B.Active. C.Invisible. D.Plentiful.10.Whyaremoderngenetictechniquesusedinstudyingmicrobes?A.Toidentifydiversemicrobes. B.Tosimplifymicrobialcounting.C.Tohelpculturemoremicrobes. D.Tominimizemicrobialimpactonsoil.11.Whatcanhelpustoimprovesoilmanagementpractices?A.Removingharmfulmicrobes.B.Distinguishingsoilcharacteristics.C.Understandingsoil-microbeinteractions.D.Strengtheningrelationshipsamongmicrobes.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要揭示了土壤微生物生态系统的重要功能与研究进展。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Beneaththesurfaceoftheearthliesalively,invisibleecosystemfulloflife,oftenreferredtoasthe“livingskin”oftheearth.Itisahiddenworldwherecountlessorganisms(生物体)interactincomplexways,drivingessentialprocessesthatenablelifetosurvive.Theyaretheunsungheroesofnutrientcycling,soilstability,andevenclimatebalance.(在地球表面之下是一个充满生机的、看不见的、充满生命的生态系统，通常被称为地球的“活皮肤”。这是一个隐秘的世界，无数生物以复杂的方式相互作用，推动着生命得以生存的基本过程。它们是养分循环、土壤稳定甚至气候平衡的无名英雄)”可知，地球的“活皮肤”主要作用是维持地球上的生命。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Bacteriaarethemostplentifulmicrobesinsoil,withapopulationof1010-1011individualsand6,000-50,000speciespergramofsoilandabiomassof40-500gramspersquaremetre.(细菌是土壤中最丰富的微生物，每克土壤中有10个10至10个11个体，6000至50000种，每平方米的生物量为40至500克)”可知，土壤中微生物数量众多，可推测划线词copious与选项D意思相近，意为“大量的，丰富的”。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Advancedgenetic(基因的)techniques,suchasDNAsequencingandPCR,however,enablethedetectionandcategorizationofpreviouslyunculturablemicrobes.Thesemethodsenhanceourabilitytoidentifyshiftsinmicrobialcommunities,providingcriticalinsightsintosoilhealthandfunctionaldynamics.(然而，先进的遗传技术，如DNA测序和PCR，可以检测和分类以前不可培养的微生物。这些方法增强了我们识别微生物群落变化的能力，为土壤健康和功能动态提供了重要的见解)”可知，使用现代基因技术研究微生物是为了识别多样的微生物。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thephysicalchemical,andbiologicalsoilcharacteristicsandtheirinteractionswiththeresidentcommunityofsoilmicrobeshaveasignificantimpactonthegrowthandactivityofthesemicrobes.Asourunderstandingofthesecomplexrelationshipsdevelops,weshouldbeabletodevelopsoilmanagementpracticesthataresustainableandcanleadtopreservationandimprovementofsoilquality.(土壤的物理、化学和生物特性及其与土壤微生物常驻群落的相互作用对土壤微生物的生长和活性有重要影响。随着我们对这些复杂关系的理解的发展，我们应该能够开发可持续的土壤管理实践，并能导致土壤质量的保护和改善)”可知，了解土壤与微生物的相互作用可以帮助我们改进土壤管理实践。故选C。DThe18thcenturyGermanphilosopherImmanuelKantlivedveryfirmlyinaworldoftime.HewassostrictaboutroutinethathisfellowcitizensofKocnigsbergcouldsettheirwatchesbyhisafternoonwalk.However,inhisphilosophicalwork,Kantwasdoubtfulabouttime.Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.Ourperceptionoftimecanchangeinadramaticway.Perhaps,atleastonceinyourlife,you’vehadwhatiscalleda“TimeExpansionExperience(TEE),”whensecondshavestretchedoutintominutes.TEEshappenmostfrequentlyinaccidentswhereperceptionbecomesmoreintensethannormalandthuspeoplenoticemoredetails.Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionsparedthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid,“Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”AllofthissuggeststhatKantwasright.Perhapsthereasonwhytimeisvariableisbecauseitdoesn’treallyexist—atleast,outsideourminds.Thereisnoobjectivetimeoutthereintheuniverse.Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(过滤)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.12.WhichofthefollowingwouldImmanuelKantapproveof?A.Timeisabasicqualityoftheworld.B.Timeisarecordofhumanexperience.C.Timeisasituationmeasuredbydailyroutine.D.Timeisamentalconceptgeneratedbyhumans.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Timeprogressesataconstantspeed.B.Fullattentionaffectspeople’ssenseoftime.C.Timeperceptionvariesdependingoncontext.D.Peoplefeeltimeslowsdownonspecialoccasions.14.WhatdopeoplethinkofTEEsinaccidents?A.Inspiring. B.Beneficial. C.Temporary. D.Painful.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSecretofTime:AStateofMindB.TimeExpansion:RealorImaginary?C.TimePerception:APhilosophicalExplorationD.TheClockworkoftheMind:HowtoMeasureTime?【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hebelievedtimeiscreatedbythehumanmind.Outtherebeyondourminds,thereisnotime.It’ssimplya“category”ofourmindsthathelpsustoperceiveobjectsandorderourexperience.(他相信时间是由人类的思想创造的。在我们的意识之外，没有时间。它只是我们思维的一个“范畴”，帮助我们感知物体并安排我们的经验)”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Theflexibilityofourtimeperception(感知)supportsKant’sdoubt.Weallknowtimeisnotafixedphenomenonbutseemstopassatdifferentspeedsindifferentsituations.Forexample,itseemstogoslowlywhenwetraveltounfamiliarplaces,orwhenweareboredorinpain.Itseemstospeedupwhenwe’reabsorbed,suchaswhenweplaymusicorpaint.(我们对时间感知的灵活性支持了康德的怀疑。我们都知道时间不是一个固定的现象，在不同的情况下似乎以不同的速度流逝。例如，当我们去不熟悉的地方旅行时，或者当我们感到无聊或痛苦时，它似乎走得很慢。当我们全神贯注的时候，比如当我们玩音乐或画画的时候，它似乎会加速)”可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Inaccidentsituations,peopleareoftensurprisedbytheamountoftimetheyhavetothinkandact.Infact,manypeopleareconvincedthattimeexpansionsparedthemfromtheirseriousinjury,orevendeath.Forexample,awomanwhoreportedaTEEinwhichsheavoidedametalbarrierfallingontohercarsaid, “Formetheslowingdownofthemomentallowedmetodecidehowtoescapethefallingmetalonus.”(在发生事故的情况下，人们常常会惊讶于他们必须思考和行动的时间。事实上，许多人相信时间膨胀使他们免于重伤，甚至死亡。例如，一位女士报告说，她在时间膨胀中避开了掉到她车上的金属障碍物，她说：“对我来说，减速的那一刻让我决定如何逃离落在我们身上的金属)”可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“Whatweexperienceastimeisfiltered(过滤)throughourminds,andsovariesaccordingtoourstateofmind.(随着时间的流逝，我们所经历的一切都被我们的思维过滤了，因此随着我们的精神状态而变化)”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的，所以选项A“时间的秘密：一种精神状态”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inmodernsociety,gettingalongwithothersislikeadelicatedancethatrequiresskill,patience,andsincerity.Harmoniousrelationshipsnotonlybringinnerpeacebutalsohelpbuildasocietyfullofloveandunderstanding.So,howcanwegetalongwellwithothers?Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.____16____Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”Whenwerespectothers,wealsogaintheirrespect.____17____Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.Byunderstandingothers’positionswithanopenmindandexpressingyourneedsgently,youcanavoidunnecessaryargumentsandenhancemutualunderstanding.Toleranceisthelubricant(润滑剂)ofharmoniousrelationships.Nobodyisperfect.Everyonehasflawsandshortcomings.Whenweencounterothers’mistakes,weshouldnotrushtoblamebutratherviewthemwithatolerantmindset.Toleranceisnotindulgence(纵容)butaformofunderstandingandacceptance.____18____Sincerityisthecoreofharmoniousrelationships.Besincerewithothers,avoidbeingfakeorpretentious,andtreateveryonewithatrueheart.____19____Onlywhenwetreatotherswithsinceritycanweachievetrueharmonyandbeauty.Gettingalongwellwithothersisanartthatrequirescontinuouslearningandpracticeinlife.Throughrespect,communication,tolerance,andsincerity,wecanbuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.____20____A.Itcanmakerelationshipsfriendlier.B.Weshouldtreatothersliketheytreatus.C.Communicationmaycausealotofproblems.D.Communicationisthebridgetoresolvingconflicts.E.Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife.F.Goodfaithcanbringpeoplecloserandbuilddeeptrustandfriendship.G.Besides,wecancreateamoreharmoniousandbeautifulworldtogether.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.F20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了构建和谐人际关系的四大关键要素：尊重差异、有效沟通、宽容待人和真诚相待。【16题详解】前文“Respectisthefoundationofharmoniousrelationships.(尊重是和谐关系的基础)”总的指出尊重的重要性，后文“Learningtorespectothers’differencesandavoidingconflictscausedbyprejudiceormisunderstandingarekey.(学会尊重他人的差异，避免因偏见或误解而引起的冲突是关键)”建议尊重他人的差异，因此E项“Everyonehastheirownpersonality,values,andwaysoflife(每个人都有自己的个性、价值观和生活方式)”符合语境，说明为何需要尊重他人，承前启后。故选E。【17题详解】空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容，后文“Manytimes,misunderstandingsandconflictsarisefrompoorcommunication.Learningtolistentoothers’thoughtsandfeelingsandexpressingyourownviewsinacarefulmannerareimportant.(很多时候，误解和冲突是由于沟通不畅而产生的。学会倾听别人的想法和感受，谨慎地表达自己的观点是很重要的)”主要指出沟通不畅导致的后果，并强调倾听和表达的重要性，因此D项“Communicationisthebridgetoresolvingconflicts(沟通是解决冲突的桥梁)”符合语境，概括该段主旨，引出后文，其中的Communication在后文有同词复现。故选D。【18题详解】前文“Toleranceisnotindulgence(纵容)butaformofunderstandingandacceptance.(宽容不是放纵，而是一种理解和接受)”点明宽容的本质，因此A项“Itcanmakerelationshipsfriendlier(它能让关系更友好)”符合语境，说明宽容的作用，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的Tolerance。故选A。【19题详解】前文“Besincerewithothers,avoidbeingfakeorpretentious,andtreateveryonewithatrueheart.(对人要真诚，不做作，用一颗真诚的心对待每一个人)”建议真诚待人，因此F项“Goodfaithcanbringpeoplecloserandbuilddeeptrustandfriendship(真诚能拉近人与人之间的距离，建立深厚的信任与友谊)”符合语境，说明真诚待人的积极影响，承接前文。故选F。【20题详解】前文“Throughrespect,communication,tolerance,andsincerity,wecanbuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.(通过尊重、沟通、宽容和真诚，我们可以与他人建立良好的关系)”指出尊重、沟通、宽容和真诚对建立良好的关系的作用，因此G项“Besides,wecancreateamoreharmoniousandbeautifulworldtogether(此外，我们可以共同创造一个更和谐美好的世界)”符合语境，进一步说明这对构建和谐世界的作用，承接前文。故选G。第三部分语言运用（每小题1分，满分15分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WhenIfirststartedasahospice(临终关怀医院)volunteer,oneofmytaskswastoassistthefamiliesofpatientsinfillingoutlifereviewforms.Theseformswereusedbyhospicecaregiversto___21___moreabouttheirpatients.Somequestionsontheform___22___meofascrapbook(粘贴簿)Iwasworkingon.“Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”The___23___cametomymind.Mysupervisor___24___myproposal.TalkingtoapatientnamedEdith,I___25___thatnoteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos(纪念物)to___26___ascrapbook.Edith,whohadnevermarriedorhadchildren,wasonceadancer.So,todisplaythe___27___ofherlife,Idecidedtomakeapostertohanginherroom___28___.Edith’s___29___uponseeingtheposterletusknowweweredoingsomething____30____.WecalledthisposterprojectChart-a-Life.Theseposters,withphotosanddetailsaboutpatients’careers,interests,familiesandfriends,are____31____justdecorative.Theyhelpcaregiversseepatientsasindividuals,andalsoprovidegood____32____forvisitorstocommunicatewiththepatients.Thisprojectsoonbecameextremely____33____.OtherfacilitiesinthearealearnedaboutCharta-Lifeandwereinspiredtocreatesomething____34____.Onenursinghomestartedmakingpersonalizedplacemats.Whateverformittakes,Ithinkit’sagreatwayto____35____aperson’slife.21.A.care B.learn C.worry D.talk22.A.warned B.informed C.reminded D.convinced23.A.idea B.plan C.question D.advice24.A.refused B.approved C.doubted D.considered25.A.discovered B.showed C.explained D.recorded26.A.shape B.construct C.launch D.fill27.A.highlights B.adventures C.suffering D.loneliness28.A.otherwise B.instead C.equally D.unexpectedly29.A.anger B.sorrow C.sympathy D.smile30.A.informal B.powerful C.ordinary D.right31.A.morethan B.ratherthan C.lessthan D.otherthan32.A.scrapbooks B.approaches C.topics D.hospitals33.A.complex B.different C.popular D.strange34.A.reasonable B.similar C.familiar D.important35.A.defend B.drive C.spend D.celebrate【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.B25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.D31.A32.C33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为临终关怀志愿者创建Chart-a-Life项目的经历。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些表格被临终关怀护理人员用来更多地了解他们的病人。A.care关心；B.learn了解；C.worry担心；D.talk谈论。根据上文“assistthefamiliesofpatientsinfillingoutlifereviewforms”和下文“moreabouttheirpatients”可知，这些表格是用来帮助护理人员更多地了解病人的情况。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：表格上的一些问题让我想起了我正在制作的一本剪贴簿。A.warned警告；B.informed通知；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced使确信。根据下文“meofascrapbook(粘贴簿)Iwasworkingon.Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”可知，表格上的问题让作者想起了自己正在制作的剪贴簿，从而产生了为病人制作剪贴簿的想法。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“为什么不为病人制作剪贴簿呢？”这个想法出现在我的脑海中。A.idea想法；B.plan计划；C.question问题；D.advice建议。根据上文“Whynotmakescrapbooksforthepatients?”可知，这是作者突然想到的一个想法。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的主管批准了我的提议。A.refused拒绝；B.approved批准；C.doubted怀疑；D.considered考虑。根据下文“TalkingtoapatientnamedEdith,Ithatnoteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos(纪念物)toascrapbook.”可知，作者开始为病人制作剪贴簿可知，主管批准了作者的提议。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与一位名叫伊迪丝的病人交谈时，我发现并不是每个人都有足够的照片和纪念品来填满剪贴簿。A.discovered发现；B.showed展示；C.explained解释；D.recorded记录。根据下文“noteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementos”可知，这是作者在和伊迪丝交谈时发现的。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.shape塑造；B.construct建造，制作；C.launch发起；D.fill填满。根据上文“enoughphotosandmementos”可知，这里指没有足够的东西来填满剪贴簿。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，为了展示她生活的亮点，我决定制作一张海报挂在她的房间里。A.highlights亮点；B.adventures冒险；C.suffering痛苦；D.loneliness孤独。根据上文“Edith,whohadnevermarriedorhadchildren,wasonceadancer.”可知，伊迪丝曾经是一名舞者，这是她生活中的亮点，所以作者决定制作一张海报来展示她生活的亮点。故选A。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.otherwise否则；B.instead代替，反而；C.equally同样地；D.unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据上文“noteveryonehadenoughphotosandmementosto6ascrapbook”和“Idecidedtomakeapostertohanginherroom”可知，由于伊迪丝没有足够的照片和纪念品来制作剪贴簿，所以作者决定制作一张海报来代替剪贴簿。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊迪丝看到海报后的笑容让我们知道我们做对了。A.anger愤怒；B.sorrow悲伤；C.sympathy同情；D.smile微笑。根据下文“uponseeingtheposterletusknowweweredoingsomething”可知，伊迪丝看到海报后露出了笑容，这表明作者他们做对了。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.informal非正式的；B.powerful强大的；C.ordinary普通的；D.right正确的。根据上文“Edith’suponseeingtheposter”和下文“WecalledthisposterprojectChart-a-Life”可知，把这个海报项目命名为“描绘人生”，以及伊迪丝的反应，表明作者他们做的事情是正确的。故选D。【31题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这些海报上有病人的职业、兴趣、家人和朋友的照片和详细信息，它们不仅仅是装饰品。A.morethan多于，不仅仅；B.ratherthan而不是；C.lessthan少于；D.otherthan除了。根据下文“Theyhelpcaregiversseepatientsasindividuals”可知，这些海报不仅仅是装饰品，它们还有更多的作用。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助护理人员将病人视为个体，