鲁教版-八年级上册1-4单元-知识点及短语

PAGEPAGE3Unit1Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom？1.Couldyoupleasedosth?请你（做）好吗？Could用于提出请求，不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.2.【短语】takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走/取走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下；起飞3.dothe+名词：dothedishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服dothe+doing:dothecleaning打扫卫生doone’s+名词:doone’shousework/homework做家务/家庭作业dosome+doing:dosomereading/shopping读写书/购物4.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。5.enough修饰名词时，置于名词前/；修饰形容词、副词时，后置。6.theminute=assoonas“一就”7.infrontof指在物体外部的前面inthefrontof指在物体内部的前面8.come短语：comeover过来comeback回来comeupwith想出cometrue实现comedown下来comefrom=befrom来自,出生于comein/into进入,进来comeon赶快,加油comealong走吧,过来,快点comeandgo来来去去comeup上来comeout出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来9.allthetime=always一直；总是time短语：ontime按时intime及时atthesametime同时thefirsttime第一次attimes有时lasttime上次nexttime下次10.neither+助动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”neither…nor…既不…也不…,做主语谓语动词符合就近原则。neither做主语确定动词用三单。11.insurprise惊奇地；吃惊地toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat对……感到吃惊surprisesb.使某人吃惊12.borrow借入,与from连用，指主语“借进来”lend借出,与to搭配“借出去”keep保留，保存（延续动词）指“借一段时间”13.invitesb.tosp.邀请某人去某地invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事invitev→invitationn邀请(1)14.makesb/sth.dosth让某人做某事makesb/sth+形容词“让某人或某物…”makesb/sth+名词“让某人或某物成为…”make短语:makesure确信makeamistake犯错误makefriends(with)和..交朋友makemoney赚钱makeadecision作出决定makethebed整理床铺makealiving谋生15.sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsthsb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doingsthsb.+pay+钱+forsthsth.costsb.+钱Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.spend→spentpay→paidcost→costtake→took16.get短语：getinto=enter进入getup起床getback返回getover克服getdressed穿衣get/belost丢失getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好getoutof从…出来getwarm变暧getreadyfor+n.为…做准备getreadytodosth.准备做某事getwell康复getachance有机会get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡17.providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物offersthtosb.=offersb.sth.18.keep+sth/sb.+adj.“使处于某种状态”keep(on)doingsth继续做某事keepsb.doingsth让某人一直做某事19.developv→developmentn发展→developingadj.发展的→developedadj.发达的adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家adevelopedcountry一个发达国家20.the+比较级，the+比较级“越越”21.havetodofinishdoingwantsb.todoneedtodohavetimetodoinordertodoletsb.dominddoinghelpsb.todo疑问词+todolearntodotrytodo短语dothedishes洗餐具takeouttherubbish倒垃圾foldyour/theclothes叠衣服sweepthefloor扫地makeyour/thebed整理床铺cleanthelivngroom打扫客厅noproblem没问题gooutfordinner出去吃饭gotothemovies去看电影stayoutlate在外面待到很晚getaride搭车helpoutwith帮助解决….atleast至少finishdoingsth.完成做某事be/comeback回来anyminutenow随时cleanandtidy干净整洁beangrywithsb.生某人的气welcomesb.欢迎某人comehomefromschool放学回家throwdown扔下sitdown坐下comeover过来infrontof在…前面takethedogforawalk遛狗takesb.forawalk带某人去散步allthetime一直;总是allday/evening整日/夜dohousework/chores做家务as…as…和…一样…shoutback大声回应walkaway走开insurprise惊讶地assoonas一…就…getsomethingtodrink喝点什么hangoutwithsb.和某人闲逛passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物传给某人borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人getsth.wet使某物弄湿hatetodosth.=hatedoingsth.讨厌做某事helpsb.(to)do/withsth帮助某人干某事bringatent带顶帐篷来buydrinksandsnacks买饮料和小吃gotothestore去商店invitesb.toaparty邀请某人参加聚会havetimetodo有时间做…awasteoftime浪费时间spend…on…花费…在…上inorderto为了getgoodgrades取得好成绩get…into…进入providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物minddoingsth.介意做某事dependon依赖…getsth.forsb.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物makesb.dosth.使某人做某事havenoideas=don’tknow不知道lookafter/takecareof/carefor照顾；照看doone’spartin(doing)sth.做某人分内的事asaresult因此fallill病倒Unit2Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?1.allowsb(not)todosth允许sb(不)做2.What'swrongwithyou?=What'sthematterwithyou?你怎么了？3.atmidnight在半夜4.lookthrough翻看，检查,浏览5.lookup查阅字典6.workout成功地发展;解决7.havefreetimetodothingsIlike有空闲时间做我喜欢做的事8.take/haveafter-schoolclasses参加课后辅导课9.hangoutwithsb与sb闲逛10.getintoafightwithsb=haveafightwithsb=fightwithsb11.untilmidnight直到半夜12.getonwellwithsomebody与某人相处的好13.talktosomebody与某人交谈

14.sothat以至于15.takesomebodytotheballgame带某人去参加球类比赛16.toomanybooks太多的书17studytoomuch学得太多18.getenoughsleep有足够的睡眠19.readsbaletter给某人写信20.callsbup打电话给某人21.surprisesb令某人惊讶22.waitsolong等待如此久23.beangrywithsomebody生某人的气24.givesthbacktosomebody=returnsthtosb把某物归还某人25.forgetabout忘掉26.abigdeal重要的事儿27.fightalot经常吵架/打架28.hangover笼罩29.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事30.offertodosth.主动提出做某事31.mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事32.allthetime一直33.infuture今后34.makesb.angry使某人生气35.worryaboutsth.担心某事36.copysb'shomework抄袭某人的作业37.beoneself做自己38.familymembers家庭成员39.spendtimealone独自消磨时光40.givesb.pressure给某人施压41.haveafightwithsb.与某人吵架42.competewithsb.与某人竞争43.freetimeactivities业余活动44.getbettergrades取得更好的成绩45.givesb'sopinion提出某人的观点46.learnexamskills学习应试技巧47.practicesports体育训练48.causestress造成压力49.cutout删除50.向别人发出邀请、请求、建议或征求某人意见的表达方式。1)Whydon'tyoudosomething=whynotdosomething?你为什么不做某事儿呢？2)How/Whataboutdoingsth?about介词+名词/代词宾格/Ving3)Youhadbetter(not)dosth.你最好(不)做sth4)Wouldyoulikesomething?你想要某物吗？

5)Letsomebodydosomething。让某人做某事儿6)WhatshouldIdo?表示请求征询对方意见Unit3Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?重点短语及用法1.(闹钟)发出响声gooff2.开始做某事begintodo/doingsth.=starttodo/doingsth.3.雨下得很大，下大雨rainhard=rainheavily一场大雨/大雪aheavyrian/snow4.接电话pickup(thephone)=answerthephone5.据报道It’sreportedthat…6.木条piecesofwood7.重重地敲打beatagainstheavily8.进入梦乡，睡着fallasleep=gotosleep9.逐渐变弱，逐渐消失diedown10.rise不及物动词，其后不能接宾语。raise及物动词，其后要接宾语。11.落叶fallenleaves12.看一看……havealookat…13.费力地前进，前往……makeone’swayto…14.保持沉默keepsilent=keepinsilence沉默(地)，无声(地)insilence15.最近，不久前recently=inrecentyears16.拆除，往下拽，记录takedown作记录时=writedown=putdown17.首先，起初atfirst18.使……支离破碎bring…apart19.老实说，说实话totellthetruth=tobehonest20.对做某事感到震惊beshockedtodosth.21.在图书馆inthelibrary在公交车站atthebusstop22.走路回家walkhome=gohomeonfoot23.洗个热水澡takeahotshower24.睡醒，叫醒，吵醒wakeup25.在昨晚8点at8：00lastnight26.在中国历史上inChinesehistory27.在这天onthisday29.在那时atthattime30.在广播里，通过广播ontheradio在网上，在互联网上ontheInternet31.对有意义havemeaningto…=meansomethingto…32.向外面看lookoutof…33.听见某人正在做某事hearsb.doingsth.听见某人做了/经常做某事hearsb.dosth.34.足球比赛footballmatch35.确信besureabout确保makesure务必/切记要做某事besuretodosth.36.敲打,打败beatsb.赢得，获得winsth.37.while引导时间状语从句，从句用进行时。when引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去式，主句用过去进行时。38.做某事有困难/问题havetrouble/problems/difficultydoingsth.在某方面有困难/问题havetrouble/problems/difficultywithsth.39.害怕beafraid害怕……beafraidof害怕去做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕发生某事beafraidofdoingsth.40.剩余的……therestof+n./pron.做主语时，谓语动词的单复数与n.的单复数一致。41.等待某人做某事waitforsb.todosth.42.在路边bythesideoftheroad43.走过walkby经过passby=gopast44.不成样子；处境不佳inbadshape45.为某人买某物buy/getsb.sth.=buy/getsth.forsb.把某物卖给某人sellsth.tosb.=sellsb.sth.待售forsale大促销；大减价；大甩卖onsale46.离开某地leavesw.离开去某地；动身去某地leavefor+sw.离开……去某地leave…for…把某人单独留下leavesb.byoneself把某人落在某地leavesth.+sw.47.到处；处处everywhere=hereandthere48.做某事很开心havefundoingsth.=haveagoodtimedoingsth.Unit4Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains1.insteadof+n./pron./v-ing代替；而不是；反而2.onceuponatime从前3.fallinlove爱上4.getmarried结婚5.turn…into…变成6.trytodo尽力做tryone’sbesttodo尽sb最大努力做trydoing尝试做haveatry试一试7.movethemountains移山8.shootat朝…射击9.workon从事10.the+adj.表示一类人therich/poor/weak富人/穷人/弱者11.assoonas=theminute一…就…11.takeaway拿来；带来12.remindsb+that从句remindsbtodo提醒某人做某事remindof使…想起13.unless=ifnot除非；如果不14.seem+adj.=seemtobe+adj.似乎15.keepdoing一直/继续不停做sth16.giveupdoing放弃17.agreewithsb赞同sb18.neitherof…两者都不作主语19.beabletodo能做sth20.called/namedMonkey被称为21.forthefirsttime第一次22.infact=actually事实上23.looklike看起来像24.Thisisbecause=Thereasonisthat这是因为25.for+段时间持续一段时间26.morethan=over超过27.comeout出版，发行28.be/becomeinterestedin对…感兴趣29.Ittakestodo花费sb做sth30.getmarriedtosb与某人结婚31.so+adj.+a.an+n.(单)+that从句such+