（新高考）2022届高考英语考前冲刺卷（二）解析版

（新高考）2022届高考考前冲刺卷英语（二）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AVariousAppstoLearnAppsaretypicaldigitallearningtools,whichcangiveyoudiverseandpersonalizedcontenttomeetyourneeds.Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.KhanAcademyallowsyoutolearnalmostanythingforfree.Itcoverssubjectssuchasmath,physics,biology,andevencomputerscience.Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.Youcanreviewsubjectsthatyouarenotgoodat,orstartlearningasubjectyoulike.TheappisinEnglish.Ifyouwanttoseeitstranslationyoucanvisithttp://open.163.com/khan.BrainPOPmixeslearningandtechnologyinafunandsimpleway.It’sfreeandteachesyousomethingneweveryday.FromthesolarsystemtoDNA,eachtopicstartswithaninterestingcartoonmovie.Afteryou’vewatchedit,youcantakeatesttoseehowmuchyou’velearned.Udemyisa“learnondemand”websiteandapp.Itisforcareer-orientedindividualstostarttheircoursepricingat$10.99.Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring(重复的)paymentsbeforeyoufinish.Thisflexiblelearningappallowsyoutotakethingsslow,fast,oranywherein-betweenwithcompletecontrolonyourend.Duolingoisthepremierleaderinlanguageeducationforlearningapps.Youcanlearntospeak29differentlanguages,allatthetouchofabutton.You’llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords,buttospeakthem.You’lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntocommunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!1.Accordingtothepassage,whatappsallowyoutolearnatyourspeed?A.KhanAcademyandUdemy. B.UdemyandDuolingo.C.KhanAcademyandBrainPOP. D.BrainPOPandDuolingo.2.WhatcanDuolingoofferitsusers?A.Subjectsreviewing. B.Speakingpractice.C.Technicalsupport. D.Careertraining.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethedifferenceofdifferentlearningmethods.B.Tointroducethedevelopmentoflearningtechnology.C.Tohelpfindthesuitablelearningapps.D.Toprovidevariouslearningactivities.【答案】1-3ABC【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合学习者的四款应用程序。1.细节理解题。根据表格一中“Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.(这个应用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的节奏学习)”和表格三的内容“Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring（重复的）paymentsbeforeyoufinish.(这个应用程序允许你在几个月的时间里灵活地花时间在你购买的课程上，而不必担心课程结束前的重复付款)”可知，KhanAcademy和Udemy应用程序可以让你按照自己的节奏学习。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据最后一个表格“You’llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords,buttospeakthem.You’lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntocommunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!(你不仅会被邀请读生词，而且会说。你将学习语法和会话策。这个应用程序帮助你学会与新的居民沟通！)”可知，Duolingo这款应用程序会给用户提供英语口语练习。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第一段“Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.(想找一个可以帮助你学习的应用程序吗？这里有一些好主意给你)”可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助找到合适的学习应用程序。故选C。B“Ihavecancer.”Momsaidandheldmeinatighthug.Icouldfeelherchestshakingasshetriednottocrybutfailed.Forallofmytwenty-fouryears,mymomhadbeensupportive.Strengthandprotectionhadalwaysflowedfromhertome.NowIknewitwouldhavetoflowtheotherway.Momdidn’tstaydownforlong.Aftertheshockofbreast-cancer,shearmedherselfwithanotebookandapenandathousandquestionsforthedoctors.Shetooknotesonwhitebloodcellcountsandmedications(药物)withlongnamesasthoughshewerestudyingforentranceexamsintomedicalschool.“Thenot-knowingistheworst.”shesaid.Theoperationwassuccessful.Thechemo(化疗)wastheharderpart.IwentwithMomtoeverychemotreatment.Sherarelycomplained,thoughherhairwasgoneandhertoenailsandfingernailsfelloutonebyone.Shejokedthatshecouldsavemoneyonnailpolishandputittowardthedoctorbills,eventhoughsheneverworenailpolish.“Cancercantakemyhair,mynails,myhealth,myverylife.Butitcan’ttakemysmile.”Momsaid.Momlearnedtoshareherfearswithme,anditformedanevendeeperbondbetweenus.YetIamcertaintherewerefearsshedidn’tsharebecauseshewasstillprotectingme-worriessheonlysharedwithDad.Eveninthedarkesthours,shewouldjustjokeaboutthecancer.Momalwayssaid,“Whenyoulookyourgreatestfearintheeyeandlaughatit,youtakeawaysomeofitspower.”Momwasoneoftheluckyones.Shedidbeathercancer,thoughnotwithoutscars.Fromher,I’velearnedImaynotgettochoosewhatIface,butIdogettochoosehowIfaceit.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A.Therewereotherwaystotreatcancer.B.Knowledgeofcancerwouldbehelpful.C.Momhadtostaystrongertobeatcancer.D.IshouldbetheonebeingthereforMom.5.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMom?A.Humorousandgenerous.B.Considerateandambitious.C.Optimisticanddetermined.D.Caringandknowledgeable.6.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThefearMomsharedwithme.B.ThewaysMomfacedfear.C.ThejokesMomtoldme.D.ThebondMomandIformed.7.WhatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromMom?A.Luckcountsinbeatingdiseases.B.Complaintdoesnogoodtoone’shealth.C.Positiveattitudesgetonethroughhardship.D.Sharingfeelingshelpsreducesufferingsalot.【答案】4-7DCBC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述妈妈与癌症作抗争的过程中保持积极乐观态度，并对作者产生重大影响的故事。4.句意推测题。由前一句“Strengthandprotectionhadalwaysflowedfromhertome.”母亲给予我很多关爱和支持，下一句中“theotherwayaround”意思为从相反方向，可知此处暗含的意思为现在轮到作者给母亲关爱和支持。故选D。5.推理判断题。从第四段的第三句“Shejokedthatshecouldsavemoneyonnailpolishandputittowardthedoctorbills,eventhoughsheneverworenailpolish.”可知妈妈虽然因化疗失去指甲，但仍能保持乐观态度，开玩笑说没有了指甲可以省下钱指甲油的钱来付医药费。以及，从第二段妈妈拿着纸和笔问医生各种各样有关癌症的问题，能看出妈妈战胜病魔的决心。故选C。6.主旨大意题。第五段，妈妈“learnedtoshareherfearswithme”“shewouldjustjokeaboutthecancer”，这些都是妈妈在面对恐惧所采取的应对办法。故选B项。7.推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句“Fromher,I’velearnedImaynotgettochoosewhatIface,butIdogettochoosehowIfaceit.”可知，作者从妈妈身上学到了，“无法选择要面对的事情，但是可以选则用何种方式面对自己的遭遇”，而妈妈就是乐观面对病魔。故选C项。CWeoftenhearthat60isthenew50.Justcheckoutimagesofyourgrandparentsorgreat-grandparentsandnoticetheirstooped(驼背的)bodies,theirwrinkledfaceswhentheywerebarelypushing60.Whatacontrastwithenergetic,gym-goingsexagenarians(60几岁的人)oftoday!AresearchoverseenbygerontologistTainaRantanen,comparedadultsbornin1910and1914withthosebornroughly30yearslater.Bothbirthgroupswereexaminedinpersonatage60andagainat70withthesamesetofsixphysicaltestsandfivemeasuresofcognition.Accordingtotheresearch,thelater-borngroupcouldwalkfaster,hadastrongerhandgraspandcouldusemoreforcewiththeirlowerlegs.Oncognitivetests,thelater-borngrouphadbetterverbalfluency,andscoredhigheronatestmatchingnumberstosymbols.Butnoteverythingchangedacrossthegenerations:measuresoflungfunctionweresurprisinglynotchanging,andtherewasnoimprovementintheshort-term-memorytaskofrecallingaseriesofdigits.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleareagingbetter,includingimprovedmedicalcareandadropinsmoking,butthekeyfactorshowninthestudyofphysicalfunctionwasthatthelater-bornadultsweremorephysicallyactiveandhadbiggerbodies,whichsuggestsbetternutrition.Forbrainfunction,thekeyseemstobemoreyearsofeducation.Educationisapowerfulinfluenceonagingandhealth,saysLuigiFerrucci,scientificdirectoroftheU.S.NationalInstituteonAging:“Withmoreeducation,youareprobablygoingtohavealargerincome,whichmeansyouaremorelikelytogotothedoctor,andhavegoodnutrition.”HealsopointsoutthattheaveragelifespanissevenyearsshorterinapoorstatesuchasMississippithaninawealthieronesuchasCalifornia.“Herewestillhavelotsofpeoplewhocannottakethedrugstheyneedbecausetheycannotpayforthem,”hesays.Inshort,60maybethenew50formanyofusbutnotforall.8.Howdoesthewriterbeginthepassage?A.Byimaginingascene. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byraisingaquestion. D.Bypresentinganimage.9.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheresearch?A.Everythingdidn’tchangeacrossthegenerations.B.Thelater-borngroupcouldhardlygraspthingsmoretightly.C.Thelater-borngroupdidworseinmatchingnumberstosymbols.D.Therewasalittleimprovementinshort-termmemoryinbothgroups.10.Accordingtotheresearch,whatcontributesmosttophysicallyagingbetter?A.Improvedmedicalcare. B.Education.C.Betternutrition. D.Energeticimages.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Manyreasonscontributetopeople’sbetterphysicalfunction.B.Today’senergeticsexagenarianshavemuchbetterimages.C.Educationisthekeytopeople’sagingbetter.D.Peopletodayareagingbetterinmanyways.【答案】8-11BACD【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者在文中提出根据研究表明现在老年人看起来比以前的老年人更年轻，并说明了理由。8.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Justcheckoutimagesofyourgrandparentsorgreat-grandparentsandnoticetheirstooped(驼背的)bodies,theirwrinkledfaceswhentheywerebarelypushing60.Whatacontrastwithenergetic,gym-goingsexagenarians(60几岁的人)oftoday!(看看你祖父母或曾祖父母的照片，看看他们快60岁时弯腰驼背、满脸皱纹的脸。与今天精力充沛、常去健身房的六十多岁老人形成了多么鲜明的对比啊)”可推知，作者是通过比较过去的老年人和现在的老年人来开始全文的。故选B。9.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Butnoteverythingchangedacrossthegenerations:measuresoflungfunctionweresurprisinglynotchanging,andtherewasnoimprovementintheshort-term-memorytaskofrecallingaseriesofdigits.(但并不是每一件事都随着年龄的增长而改变：令人惊讶的是，肺功能的测量结果没有改变，回忆一串数字的短期记忆任务也没有改善)”可知，并不是每一件事都随着年龄的增长而改变。故选A。10.细节理解题。根据第四段中“thelater-bornadultsweremorephysicallyactiveandhadbiggerbodies,whichsuggestsbetternutrition(晚出生的成年人更有活力，体型更大，这表明营养更好)”可知，人们身体老年化有所改善主要的原因是因为营养更好。故选C。11.主旨大意题。根据全文作者对于现在老年人老年化改善的陈述，尤其第三段的“Accordingtotheresearch,thelater-borngroupcouldwalkfaster,hadastrongerhandgraspandcouldusemoreforcewiththeirlowerlegs.Oncognitivetests,thelater-borngrouphadbetterverbalfluency,andscoredhigheronatestmatchingnumberstosymbols.（根据该调查，出生较晚的人走路更快、手的抓握能力更强，小腿的力量更强。在认知测试中，晚出生的那组在语言表达方面更好，在数字与符号的测试中得分更高）”可知，文章的主要内容为今天人们在很多方面老年化都有所改善。故选D。DThecompanySpaceXhasalreadylaunchedhundredsofitsStar-linksatellites,withplanstoputasmanyas42,000oftheminEarthorbit.Itsgoalistoprovidehigh-speedInternettobillionsofpeople.Movingtowardthatkindofaccessisimportant,butitcomesatacost.Glitteringwithreflectedsunlight,thesefirstorbiters,sentupinthepastyear,arebrighterthan99percentofthe5,000orsoothersatellitesnowcirclingEarth,andobviouslytherearegoingtobealotmore.Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy:theprobabilityofaStar-linksatellitecrossingatelescope’sfieldofviewandruininganobservationwillbequitehighnearsunset.Forthatreason,myfellowastronomershavesignedapetition(请愿书)callingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion.Inresponsetoprotests,SpaceXhaspromisedtoaddressthevisibilityproblemby,forexample,applyingexperimentalcoatings—essentiallypaintingthesatellitesblack—butthecompany’saggressivelaunchscheduleremainsunchanged.Andthesatellites’illuminated(被照亮)surfacesaremostlytheirsolarpanels—exactlythepartthatcannotbepaintedover.Unfortunately,atpresentnoregulationsgovernhowbrightasinglesatellitecanbe,letalonethousandsofthemtogether.Evenifthereweresuchregulations,onenation’slawscannothinder(阻碍)anothercountry’slaunches.Spaceliterallyhasnoborders,andtheskywillneedtobeprotectedataninternationallevel.Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.WhenIwasgrowingupinMontana,itwasagametobethefirsttofindamovingsatelliteamongthehostofstarsinthenightsky.Soonitcouldbeagametorecognizetheconstellations(星座)behindaswarmofmovingpointsoflight.12.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardSpaceX’slaunchingplans?A.Indifferent. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Disapproving.13.Whyhavemyfellowastronomerssignedthepetition?A.SpaceXplanstosendtoomanyStar-linesatellitesintospace.B.TheStar-linesatelliteswillpossiblyruinanobservationnearsunset.C.ThefirstorbitersarebrighterthanmostofothersatellitescirclingEarth.D.SpaceXfailstoprovidehigh-speedInternettopeoplearoundtheworld.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whoshouldshouldertheresponsibilitytosavethesky?A.TheUnitedStates. B.TheUnitedNations.C.ThecompanySpaceX. D.Justonenation.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PreservetheNightSky B.BanStar-lineSatellitesC.ObservetheStarsAttentively D.ProtestagainstSpaceX【答案】12-15DBBA【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者希望联合国可以找到一种方式防止星际卫星对于天空的光污染。12.推理判断题。文章第一段中“Thissuddenincreaseisbadforastronomy(这种突然的增长对天文学不利)”以及“myfellowastronomershavesignedapetitioncallingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion.(我的天文学家同伴们签署了一份请愿书，呼吁各国政府保护夜空免受这种入侵)”可推知，作者是反对SpaceX公司的发射计划的。故选D。13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“theprobabilityofaStar-linksatellitecrossingatelescope’sfieldofviewandruininganobservationwillbequitehighnearsunset.(在日落时分，一颗星际卫星穿越望远镜的视野并破坏观测的概率将相当高)”可知，星际卫星会毁了太阳落下时候的天文观察。故选B。14.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.(因此，我们希望联合国将找到一种方法，跳出固有的思维模式，为每个人节约天空)”可知，作者觉得联合国应该肩负起拯救天空的责任。故选B。15.主旨大意题。根据第一段“myfellowastronomershavesignedapetitioncallingforgovernmentstoprotectthenightskyfromthisinvasion.(我的天文学家同伴们签署了一份请愿书，呼吁各国政府保护夜空免受这种入侵)”和第二段中“Asaconsequence,wehopethattheUnitedNationswillfindawaytothinkoutsideoftheboxtosavetheskyforeveryone.(因此，我们希望联合国将找到一种方法，跳出固有的思维模式，为每个人节约天空)”及全文的叙述可知，作者侧重于保护夜空免受卫星的光污染。由此可知，PreservetheNightSky(保护夜空)适合做本文标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Reducingclasssizehastraditionallybeenseenasanimportantwaytoimproveastudent’seducationalexperience.Manyoftenbelievethatsmallerclasseswouldpermitteacherstogivemorepersonalattentiontotheirstudents.___16___.Butonerecentstudysuggeststhere'snotmuchresearch-basedevidencetosupportthisidea.TheresearchwascollectedbyateamfromDenmark'sDanishCenterforSocialScienceResearch.Thestudynotesthatoneofthemainproblemswithreducingclasssizeisthatitcanhaveveryhighcosts.___17___.Financiallimitationsmakeitverydifficultformanyschoolstoreducethenumberofstudentsintheclassroom.Thenewstudybeganbyexamining127studiesonclassroomsize.Itsgoalwastoexaminethemajorresearchstudiesalreadycompletedonthesubject.___18___.Intheend,theresearchcenteredon10mainstudieswithpossiblesampling(采样)problems.Theresearchersconcludedthatthere’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatreducingclasssizemayleadtosomeimprovementinastudent'sreadingachievement.___19___.Theyfoundjusta53-percentchancethatarandomlyselectedtestscorefromastudentfromasmallclasswouldbehigherthantheselectedscoreofastudentfromalargerclass.___20___.Thisledtheresearcherstoconcludethattherewouldbenobenefitatalltomathstudentsinasmallerclasssize.A.ButtheysaidtheeffectisverysmallB.Formathematicsachievement,theresultwas49percentC.ThiscantheoreticallyleadtoimprovedacademicresultsforstudentsD.ManypublicopinionstudieshaveshownteachersfavorsmallerclasssizesE.TheeffectsoflargerclasssizecanstaylongafterthestudentscompletetheireducationF.IncreasingclasssizeisoneofthemostcommonwaysschoolsystemscontroleducationspendingG.Theyespeciallycenteredonthosetryingtomeasureifsmallerclasssizeledtogreateracademicsuccess【答案】16-20CFGAB【解析】这是一篇说明文。减少班容量传统上被认为可以提高学生的成绩。但新的研究发现，班容量小可能会提高部分学生的阅读成绩，但对于学生的数学成绩来说，没有明显的作用。16.上一句提到：减小班容量可以使老师们给学生更多的关注。该句承接上文，应该继续介绍这么做的好处，故C选项切题：这从理论上可以提高学生的学习成绩。C选项中的This指代上一句的内容。17.根据上一句中的“itcanhaveveryhighcosts”和下一句中的“Financiallimitationsmakeitverydifficult”可知，该段介绍的是班容量和成本方面的关系，选项中只有F选项和此有关，故F选项切题：提高班容量是学校控制教育费用的常见的方式之一。18.该空前面介绍的新研究的对象和目的。那么，该空仍然要介绍新研究的相关内容，故G选项切题。该空主要介绍新研究的重点：他们特别关注那些试图衡量班级规模是否会带来更大学术成就的研究。下一句中的“10mainstudies”亦是对该空的补充说明。19.该空前面提到：有一些证据表明减小班容量可能会导致学生阅读成绩的提高。后一句提到：他们发现，来自小容量班学生的随机选择的测试分数只有53%的几率会高于来自大容量班级学生的所选分数。该空承上启下，应该表明小班教学实际上效果不是很好，故A选项切题。20.上一句提到：来自小容量班学生的随机选择的测试分数只有53%的几率会高于来自大容量班级学生的所选分数。下一句提到：这导致研究者们得出结论：班级容量小对于学生的数学成绩没有好处。该空承接上文，还应该介绍班容量和数学成绩有关的内容，故B选项切题：对于数学成绩来说，这个几率只有49%。第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FivedaysbeforeChristmas,policeofficerLimawassenttoalocalStopandShopforareportedtheft.Theaccusationwasthattwofemaleswerescanning(扫描)someitemsattheself-checkoutbut___21___otheritemsandbaggingthoseitems.Thetwofemalesandtwochildrenwerealready___22___byLossandPreventionoverthere.Limahadtwogirlshimself,similarinagetothetwogirlsthere,soit___23___himalittlebit.Lima___24___thereceiptfortheitemstheyhadpaidfor.Therewasnothingelselikehealthandbeautyitemsonit.Theitemswereall___25___—thingsboughtjusttostuffthemselves.Thenheaskedanemployeewheretheotheritemswerethattheyhadplannedtotakeandwasinformedtheywereputbackonthe___26___.Obviously,thisfamilywasinrealneed.WhileLimafirmly___27___followingthelaw,hedecidedtocutthemabreakandnotto___28___.Thetwo-females,___29___,wereverygratefulbutkindof___30___becausegenerally,inthatsamesituationtherewouldprobablybeadifferent___31___andthey’dbearrested.Limatookthingsastepfurtherinaneffortto___32___thefamily.Hegavethem$200giftcard,tellingthemnottogetthingsinillegalwaysanymore.“Ipurchasedthegiftcardclosetothevalueofwhatwouldhavebeen___33___,”saidLima.“IdidwhatIfeltwas___34___.Ijusttriedtoshowalittle___35___totheextentpermittedbylaw.”21.A.labeling B.damaging C.sorting D.bypassing22.A.misunderstood B.held C.tolerated D.unemployed23.A.confused B.disappointed C.struck D.attracted24.A.denied B.checked C.filled D.questioned25.A.luxuries B.drinks C.presents D.foods26.A.shelves B.counters C.checkout D.lockers27.A.stood B.resisted C.believedin D.putoff28.A.maketrouble B.takeresponsibility C.playtricks D.presscharges29.A.consequently B.fortunately C.gradually D.incredibly30.A.ashamed B.shocked C.anxious D.innocent31.A.lesson B.outcome C.choice D.excuse32.A.aid B.control C.remind D.reward33.A.returned B.exchanged C.taken D.ordered34.A.eye-catching B.risk-taking C.private D.right35.A.politeness B.courage C.mercy D.admiration【答案】21-25DBCBD26-30ACDAB31-35BACDC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了圣诞节前五天，警官Lima处理一起盗窃案。两名女性在自助结账时扫描了一些商品，但没有扫描其他商品，而是将这些商品装袋，这两名女性和两个孩子被防损部门扣留。Lima查看了他们的购物收据之后发现他们买的都是食物，意识到他们确实需要帮助，于是决定不起诉他们，还送给他们200美元礼品卡，告诉他们不要再以非法的方式得到东西。21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：据称，两名女性在自助结账时扫描了一些商品，但没有扫描其他商品，而是将这些商品装袋。A.labeling贴标签；B.damaging破坏；C.sorting分类；D.bypassing避开。根据后文这两名妇女被防损部门扣留，可推知她们把其他商品避开了扫描，打算不付钱拿走。故选D。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：两名女性和两名儿童已经被那边的防损部门扣留。A.misunderstood理解；B.held握住，扣留；C.tolerated忍受；D.unemployed解雇。根据后文“byLossandPreventionoverthere”可知指两名女性和儿童被防损部门扣留。故选B。23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lima自己也有两个女孩，年龄和那两个女孩相仿，所以这让他有点震惊。A.confused使困惑；B.disappointed使失望；C.struck打击；D.attracted吸引。结合上文“Limahadtwogirlshimself,similarinagetothetwogirlsthere,soit”可知so表示因果关系，Lima看到这两个女孩和自己的女儿年龄相仿，这让他有点震惊。故选C。24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lima查看了他们所购物品的收据。A.denied拒绝；B.checked检查，查看；C.filled装满；D.questioned质疑。根据后文“receiptfortheitemstheyhadpaidfor”可知指查看收据，check符合语境。故选B。25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的东西都是食物——买这些东西只是为了填饱自己的肚子。A.luxuries奢侈品；B.drinks饮料；C.presents礼物；D.foods食物。根据后文“thingsboughtjusttostuffthemselves”可知他们买的都是食物，为了填饱自己的肚子。故选D。26.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他问一名员工他们打算带走的其他物品在哪里，并被告知它们被放回了货架上。A.shelves货架；B.counters计数器；C.checkout检验；D.lockers储物柜。根据上文“Thenheaskedanemployeewheretheotheritemswerethattheyhadplannedtotakeandwasinformedtheywereputbackonthe”可知，他们打算拿走的物品已经被放回了货架。故选A。27.考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：虽然Lima坚信要遵守法律，但他决定给他们一个宽限，不起诉他们。A.stood站立；B.resisted反抗；C.believedin相信；D.putoff推迟。根据后文“followingthelaw”指Lima坚信要遵守法律，believein符合语境。故选C。28.考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然Lima坚信要遵守法律，但他决定给他们一个宽限，不起诉他们。A.maketrouble制造麻烦；B.takeresponsibility负责；C.playtricks耍手段；D.presscharges起诉。结合上文可知两名女性涉嫌盗窃，Lima本来可以起诉他们的但是决定放过他们，故选D。29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，这两名女性非常感激，但也有点震惊，因为一般来说，在同样的情况下，可能会有不同的结果——她们会被逮捕。A.consequently因此；B.fortunately幸运地；C.gradually逐渐；D.incredibly难以置信地。Lima打算放过这两个偷东西的女性，因此他们非常感激。故选A。30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果，这两名女性非常感激，但也有点震惊，因为一般来说，在同样的情况下，可能会有不同的结果——她们会被逮捕。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.shocked震惊的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.innocent无辜的。根据后文“becausegenerally,inthatsamesituationtherewouldprobablybeadifferent”可知本来一般说来偷东西会被逮捕，但是Lima却决定放过她们，因此她们既感激又震惊。故选B。31.考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，这两名女性非常感激，但也有点震惊，因为一般来说，在同样的情况下，可能会有不同的结果——她们会被逮捕。A.lesson课程；B.outcome结果；C.choice选择；D.excuse借口。结合后文“andthey’dbearrested”可知如果Lima选择起诉她们，她们的结果就是被逮捕。故选B。32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助这个家庭，Lima采取了更进一步的措施。A.aid援助；B.control控制；C.remind提醒；D.reward奖励。结合上文“Obviously,thisfamilywasinrealneed.”以及后文“Hegavethem$200giftcard,tellingthemnottogetthingsinillegalwaysanymore.”可知Lima送给她们礼品卡，来帮助这个需要帮助的家庭。故选A。33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lima说：“我购买的礼品卡价值接近被盗物品的价值。”A.returned返回；B.exchanged交换；C.taken带走；D.ordered命令。呼应上文“wheretheotheritemswerethattheyhadplannedtotake”指礼品卡价值接近她们打算盗走物品的价值。故选C。34.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我做了我认为正确的事。A.eye-catching引人注目的；B.risk-taking冒险的；C.private私人的；D.right正确的。Lima这么做是因为自己想要帮助这一家人，做了自己认为正确的事情。故选D。35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是试图在法律允许的范围内表现出一点仁慈。A.politeness礼貌；B.courage勇气；C.mercy仁慈；D.admiration钦佩。根据后文“totheextentpermittedbylaw”可知，Lima的行为只是试图在法律允许的范围内对这家人表现出一点仁慈，showmercyto“对……仁慈”。故选C。第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）第二部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BusyColombianslivinginacitycanbepressured.ButthereisaplaceforpeopletorelievestressinBogota.___36___(sit)atthetopofMonserrateHill,eastofthecity,theplaceisaprotectedparkforhummingbirds.Theareacontainsaforestthathasturnedintoapeacefuland___37___(harmony)worldforbothpeopleandbirds.Withthehummingbirdsflyingfromflowertoflower,somepeoplestudythemthroughbinoculars(双筒镜)and___38___(other)takepictureswithcamerasorphones.“Sometimesitdoesn’tseemrealbecauseweareclosetocityofeightmillionresidents___39___generatenoiseeveryday,”saysCamiloCantor,acaretakerinthepark,whosejobistomixwaterandsugarandputitinbirdfeedersalonga300-meterpath“Theparkis___40___(true)specialplace,likeanoasis(绿洲).Itisplacewherepeoplecango___41___(ease)stress,forgetabouttroublesandget___42___breakfrombusycitylife,”headded.Tenyearsagothehill___43___(destroy),mercilesslyandcompletely,meaningtherewerenotreesleftonit.Butworkersbegantoreplantlocaltreesandflowerstobringtheforestback___44___life.Presently,visitorstotheparkcanseeover100speciesofbirdsthere.Hummingbirdscan___45___(find)onlyontheAmericancontinentandColombiaishometomanydifferentkinds.【答案】36.Sitting37.harmonious38.others39.that/who40.truly41.toease42.a43.wasdestroyed44.to45.befound【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哥伦比亚波哥大有一个地方可以让人们缓解压力，它坐落在城市东部的蒙塞拉特山山顶，是一个受保护的蜂鸟公园。文章主要介绍了这个公园的一些情况。36.考查非谓语动词。句意：它坐落在城市东部的蒙塞拉特山山顶，是一个受保护的蜂鸟公园。分析句子结构可知sit在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语theplace构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Sitting。37.考查形容词。句意：这个地区的森林已经变成了一个人类和鸟类和平、和谐的世界。修饰后文名词world应用形容词harmonious，作定语。故填harmonious。38.考查代词。句意：蜂鸟从一朵花飞到另一朵花，一些人用望远镜观察它们，其他人用相机或手机拍照。空处作主语，后文take为动词原形，可知表示“其他人”应用others。故填others。39.考查定语从句。句意：“有时它看起来并不真实，因为我们靠近有800万居民的城市，每天都会产生噪音。”公园管理员CamiloCantor说，他的工作是将水和糖混合，并将它们放入300米长的路径上的鸟类喂食器中。此处为定语从句修饰先行词residents，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that/who。40.考查副词。句意：这个公园真的是一个特别的地方，就像一个绿洲。修饰形容词special，应用副词truly，作状语。故填truly。41.考查非谓语动词。句意：它是人们可以去缓解压力，忘记烦恼，从繁忙的城市生活中得到休息的地方。结合句意表示“去做某事”可知，短语为gotodosth.。故填toease。42.考查冠词。句意：它是人们可以去缓解压力，忘记烦恼，从繁忙的城市生活中得到休息的地方。结合句意表示“从……得到休息”可知，短语为getabreakfrom。故填a。43.考查动词时态及语态。句意：十年前，这座山丘被无情地完全摧毁了，这意味着山上没有一棵树了。根据上文“Tenyearsago”可知，应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为thehill，谓语动词用单数。故填wasdestroyed。44.考查介词。句意：但工人们开始重新种植当地的树木和鲜花，使森林恢复生机。结合句意表示“使……恢复生机”可知，短语为bringsth.backtolife。故填to。45.考查动词语态。句意：蜂鸟只生活在美洲大陆，哥伦比亚是许多不同种类蜂鸟的家园。此处主语与为谓语动词构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填befound。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是某学校的学生会主席李华，你校组织了一场安全知识讲座，请你就此写一则通知。内容包括：1.讲座的时间、地点；2.讲座的主要内容和意义；3.听讲座的注意事项。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】NOTICEAlectureaboutsafetywillbeheldintheschoolhallat3:30thisFridayafternoonanditwilllasttwohoursEveryoneiswelcometoattendthelecture.Thelectureisbelievedtobemeaningfulandpracticalasyouwillgettoknowpotentialsafetyproblemsandhowtoavoidthem.Besides,youwillgetthechancetolearnfirstaidskillsforemergencies.Duringthelecture,youwillbeencouragedandinstructedtopracticesomeoftheseskills.Ifyouareinterestedinthelecture,pleaseentertheschoolhallaheadoftimeandkeepquietduringthelecture.TheStudents’Union【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为学校组织的一场安全知识讲座写一则通知。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍讲座的时间、地点；2.介绍讲座的主要内容和意义；3.介绍听讲座的注意事项。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）alectureaboutsafety;beanexpertin;lasttwohours;potentialsafetyproblems;howtoavoidthem;learnfirstaidskillsforemergencies;practicesomeoftheseskill