阅读理解-推理判断题-英语二轮总复习讲义

专题三阅读理解

——推理判断题

【题型把握】

阅读理解旨在考查考生理解不同题材和体裁的书面材料以及从中获取信息的能力。要求

考生能读懂有关日常生活的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报纸、杂志中关于

一般性话题的简短文段。要求考生能够理解主旨要义;理解文中具体信息;根据上下文推断单词

和短语的含义;做出判断和推理;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度。细节理

解题大都比较容易，只需要认真阅读题目，细心比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目，要

认真解题，尽量不丢分。本讲义着重讲解推理判断题的解题技巧。

【考纲解读及命题趋势】

阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对

文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传

达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和

识别能力。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理,

也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。考生切记，推理判断(infer)

题必须把握住的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是

文章细节的直接陈述。

【解题技巧】

1.定位原文，字斟句酌，“一步推导”定隐含推断题

2.依照首段、尾段、文体特征及文章来源判断

3.利用褒贬词汇，判断观点态度

4.围绕主题，恰当判断写作意图

【知识清单】

一.命题方式

Wecaninferfromthe(first.../last)paragraphthat

Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

Themainpurposeofthepassageis.

Wheredoesthispassageprobablyefrom?

Whafstheauthor9sattitudetowards...?

二.选项特征

1、“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

2、选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正确答案常用一些相对

能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,probably等。

干扰选项特征

1.张冠李戴

2.无中生有

3.曲解文意

4.扩缩范围

三.常用解题方法

方法1针对特定细节信息进行推理

此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物

关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、

判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。

[全国乙2021Q]

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan*tstop

ourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers1conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfound

thatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffee

shopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunweletomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

D.Constantinterruptions.

【答案】D

【详解1推理判断题。根据第二句Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgetting

drawnintoothers*conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.可知，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力

时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引，即我们在开放式办公室里容易受到干扰，由此可推知，持续

不断的干扰使很多人不喜欢开放式办公室。故选D项。

方法2整合全文（段）信息进行推断

做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，提取出来加以

推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。

[全国甲2021-D]

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisis

notasurprise.Itssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothe

geniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolor

orbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors*standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They*reunfair.

B.They*reconservative.

C.They'reobjective.

D.They*restrict.

【答案】A

【详解】推理判断题。根据所给段落的第一句和第三句可知，历史是由胜利者来书写的，天才划分的标准

也是他们制定的，带有他们的主观意愿，所以当初胜利者划分的天才群体往往是欧洲裔的白人男性；再根

据最后一句Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolor

orbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.可知，胜利者设立的天才俱乐部拒绝接纳女性或

其他肤色人种或其他信仰群体的天才。根据全文作者对天才的观点可推断，作者并不支持这种涉及性别和

种族的划分标准，因此这种标准在作者看来应该是不公平的。故选A项。

方法3根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图

作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对叙述或描写

的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论

中，或流露于修饰性的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞，尤其是带有感情

色彩的形容词。常见的表达态度的词语有：

⑴表示积极态度的词：support（支持），supportive（支持的），approve（赞成），approving（赞同的），for（支

持），infavorof（支持），optimistic（乐观的），positive（积极的），pleasant（愉快的），humorous（幽默的），confident

（自信的），impressive（令人钦佩的），praise（赞扬）等。

（2）表示消极态度的词：disgusted（厌恶的），critical（批评的），negative（否定的），doubtful（怀疑的），

disappointed（失望的），pessimistic（悲观的），opposed（反对的）等。

（3）表示中立的词：objective（客观的），factual（事实的），neutral（中立的），impartial（不偏不倚的）等。

有些文章的写作意图比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类文体应关注主题句。而有些文章的写作意图

需要考生去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表看法。

[全国I2020-C]

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows，whilemostlikelycontributingtofewer

injuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.（首段）

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor*sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】B

【详解】通读首段可知，作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处（Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running）及其存在的问题（Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.）,提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态

度是客观的。故选B项。

方法4结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象

此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己己经具备的常识结合起来作出准确

的推断。比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南

等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。

[全国乙202LB]

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilk

deliveries?

27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】B

【详解】推理判断题。根据所给段落提及的gasstreetlamps（煤气路灯）和morningmilkdeliveries（早晨牛奶

递送）并结合常识可知，作者的言外之意是座机迟早有一天会走上与这两者相同的道路，即逐渐被社会淘汰。

故选B项。

【专项练习】

A

Buildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficiently

replaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupported

byreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbe

binedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensively

understood.Butthey5renecessary,becauseyoucan'tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmake

drivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.

Lengthymuting（通勤）timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeoplelive

awayfromcities,thelongermutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguided

efforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelongdistancecarmutingfasterormore

convenient~~byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtrafficcontrolmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexisting

roadstoacmodatemorecarswithfewerdelays——weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,

stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.

Ifyoucutmutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefive

milesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon'tchange.

Trafficcongestion（拥堵）isn'tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganything

toreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalong

timethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.

Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditional

drivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdrivers

outofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:

roadspacestimulatesroaduse.

Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,by

relievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesa

transportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient-eventhough,fromanenvironmental

perspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.；

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisremendationsare___.

A.notwidelysupportedB.costlytocarryout

C.generallyrecognizedD.temporarilybeneficial；

2,Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifmutingtimefordriversisreduced?

A.Driverswillbeemoreproductiveemployees.

B.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.

C.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.

D.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.；

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?

A.Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.

B.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.

C.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

D.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.；

【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.B

【详解】

这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这

一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点；

1.推理判断题。根据第一段第五句"Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.（更不

用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解）”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。

故选A项；

2.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Ifyoucutmutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseach

waytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon'tchange.（如果你将通勤时间

减少10%,那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变）”

可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项；

3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句"Trafficcongestion（拥堵）isn'tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relieving

congestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highway

engineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenew

lanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵

只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额

外的驾驶。）“可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对

环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项；

B

Onlineeatingshows,orMukbang（直播吃饭）,originatedinSouthKoreaandhavegainedpopularity

globally.

Manyhostsofsuchshowshavebeepopularfortheirabilitytoeatlargeamountsoffood.Buttheseshows

havealsoreceivedcriticismfortheirwasteoffood.Whilesomehostsactuallydoconsumetheamountoffood

shown,othersmaybefakingit.

OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileon

camera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.

Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,Kuaishowand

Bilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeat

reasonably.^^

InJune2020,theUnitedNationswarnedthattheworldisonthevergeoftheworstfoodcrisisin50years.

AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,aboutathirdoftheworld's

food1.3billiontonsiswastedeveryyear.InChinaalone,50milliontonsoffoodendsupinlandfillseveryyear,

accordingtoBeijingNews.

Recently,campaignsagainstfoodwastehavebeenfurtherpromoted.InAugust,PresidentXiJinpingstressed

theneedforsafeguardingfoodsecurityandstoppingfoodwaste.

AccordingtoChinaDaily,restaurantsandcateringassociationsinmorethan18provincesandall4

municipalcitieshaveissuedguidelinestocontrolfoodwaste.

InShanxiprovince,localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.TheWuhan

CateringAssociationproposedthatrestaurantsadoptthe“N1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshould

onlyorderenoughforninepeoplefirst.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifrequired.

Inaddition,anationwide"ClearYourPlate“campaignhasbeenlaunchedonline.UsersofSinaWeiboare

encouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterfinishingtheirmeals.

Meanwhile,newlawsarealsobeingconsidered,accordingtoChinadaily.uWewillmakenewlawsthatgive

clearinstructionsonavoidingfoodwaste,9,saidZhangGuilongfromthelegislativeAffairsmitteeoftheNational

People'sCongress.Theinstructionswillbedetailedineveryyearoffoodproduction,purchasingstorage,

transportation,processingandconsumption,accordingtoZhang.；

1.WhatisCCTV'sattitudetowardonlineeatingshows?

A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Unclear.；

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?

A.Mostvideomediaarecontributingtostoppingfoodwaste.

B.Weshouldeatupallthefoodonthetable.

C.Ifshardtocarryout"ClearYourPlatecampaign.

D.Allthevideosthatshowfoodwastehavebeenremoved.；

【答案】

1.B

2.A

【详解】

本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了直播吃饭存在食物浪费的现象，近日直播平台纷纷表态，相关的立法工作也

在积极开展，全国各地也积极响应，杜绝“舌尖上的浪费”。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingto

eatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.”可知，在8月12日，央视曝光了几

个中国主播在镜头前假装吃大量食物但后来却把食物扔掉的行为。由此可推出央视对onlineeatingshows

持“批评”的态度。故选B项。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,

includingDouyin,KuaishowandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromoted

messagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably."”可知，为了阻止虚假直播吃饭、浪费粮食的行为，抖音、

快手、哗哩哗哩等多家视频和直播平台已经删除了展示浪费食物的视频，并推出了“停止食物浪费，合理

饮食”的信息。由此可推出，视频媒体正在为阻止食物浪费做着贡献。故选A项。

C

Spritehasbeenrecognizedfordecadesbyitsgreencansandbottles,butitisretiringitsgreenplasticbottles

aftermorethan60years.

StartingAug.1,theCocaColaCo.,whichproducesSprite,willpackagethelemonlimedrinkinclearplastic

bottlesinNorthAmerica,thepanyannouncedWednesday.Sprite'scurrentplasticcontainsgreenpolyethylene

terephthalate（PET）（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）,anadditive（添力口齐！J）thatcan'tberecycledintonewbottles,akey

choiceforthepanyasitlookstoreduceplasticwaste.

“Whenrecycled,clearPETSpritebottlescanberemadeintobottles,helpingdriveacirculareconomyfor

plastic.9,JulianOchoa,CEOofR3CYCLE,aplasticgrouphelpingCocaColaimproveitsrecycling,saidina

statement.

CustomerswillalsonoticearevisedandpackagingdesignontheSpritebottlesthataimstoprovideamore

""consistentlookaroundtheworld,9,thepanysaid.ThewellknowngreencolorwillstillbeusedonSpritelabels.

OtherbeveragesthatusegreenbottlesinCoke'sportfblio（系歹!j产品），includingFresca.Seagram'sandMello

Yello,willalsobereplacedwithclearcontainersintheingmonths.

CocaColareportedhigherthanexpectedsecondquarterearningsTuesday,citingstrongdemand,andliftedits

revenueforecastforthefullyear.

Thebeveragegianthasoftenbeencriticizedforcontributingtoenvironmentallydamagingplasticwaste.In

2020,thepanywasnamedastheworld'sNo.1plasticpolluterbytheenvironmentalfirmBreakFreeFromPlastic.

Itssandbrandingwerefoundon13,834piecesofdiscardedplasticin51countries,ofteninpublicspacessuchas

parksandbeaches.；

1.WhywilltheCocaColaCo.stopusinggreenSpritebottles?

A.Theythinktheolddesignisoutofdate.

B.Theywanttocutdowntheproductioncost.

C.Customerspreferclearbottlestogreenbottles.

D.Theywanttohelpdriveacirculareconomyforplastic.；

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A.TheCocaColaattachesimportancetoprofits.

B.TheCocaColalaystheneedsofcustomersfirst.

C.TheCocaColavaluesenvironmentalprotectionmost.

D.TheCocaColalikesthefameoftheworld'sNo.1plasticpolluter.

【答案】

1.D

2.A

【详解】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可口可乐公司经常因制造破坏环境的塑料垃圾而受到批评，其对旗下的雪

碧用透明塑料瓶代替原来的塑料瓶，同时修改了标志和包装设计，旨在提供更“全球一致的外观”；

1.推理判断题。根据第三段"Whenrecycled,clearPETSpritebottlescanberemadeintobottles,helpingdrivea

circulareconomyforplastic."（回收后，透明的PET雪碧瓶可以重新制作成瓶子，有助于推动塑料的循环经

济。）可知可口可乐公司将停止使用绿色雪碧瓶，因为他们希望推动塑料的循环经济。故选D项；

2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"CocaColareportedhigherthanexpectedsecondquarterearningsTuesday,citing

strongdemand,andlifteditsrevenueforecastforthefullyear.”（可口可乐周二公布了高于预期的第二季度收益,

理由是需求强劲，并上调了全年收入预期。）可知可口可乐公司重视利润。故选A项。

D

Aseriesoffastmovingglobaltrends,motivatedbytrillionpoundinvestments（投资），indicatesthathumanity

mightbeabletoavoidtheworstinfluencesofglobalwarming.Fromrenewableenergytomassmarketelectric

cars,toplantbasedalternativestomeat,thesetrendsshowthatgreenhousegasemissions（排放）canbestopped.

Nooneissayingthebattletopreventcatastrophicclimatechange-floods,droughts,famine-hasbeen

won."Theimportantthingistorecognizethatwe'reseriouslychallenged,saysChristinaFigueres,formerUN

ClimateChief."Atthesametime,thefactiswe'realreadyseeingmanypositivetrends."

Theworld'sappetiteformeatanddairyfoodsisrisingaspeople'sinesrise,butunlessthisisentirely

changed,there9snowaytobeatglobalwarming.Thetasklooksdiscouraging-peoplehatebeingtoldwhattoeat.

However,justinthelastyear,apotentialsolutionhasburstontothemarket:plantbasedmeat,whichhasatiny

environmentalfootprint.

Afoodthatlooksandtastesjustasgoodasmeatordairyproductsbutismadefromplants-hasattracted

heavyinvestment.ItisparticularlyobviousintheUS,whereBillGateshasbackedtwoplantbasedburger（汉堡）

panies.

Perhapsevenmoretellingisthatmajormeatanddairypaniesarenowpilinginwithinvestments,suchasthe

US'sbiggestmeatprocessor,Tyson,andmultinationalgiantsDanoneandNestle.TheChinesegovernmentin

2017put$300millionintoIsraelipaniesproducinglabgrownmeat,whichcouldalsocutemissions.

Willthesetrendsmovefastenoughtoavoidtheworstofclimatechange?TheLSE'sNicholasStemis

cautiouslyoptimistic,sayingthatwhathaschangedinrecentyearsistherealizationthatgreeneconomicgrowthis

theonlylongtermoption.；

1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheinventionofplantbasedmeat?

A.Tochangetheeatinghabitofhumans.B.Tomeettheincreasingdemandofmeat.

C.Toreducegreenhousegasemissions.D.Tosolvefoodshortageoftheworld.；

2.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph5inthistext?

A.Toexplainthebackground.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosummarizethetext.D.Tolistsomeexamples.；

3.Inwhichpartofawebsitecanthetextbefound?

A.Environment.B.Society.C.Technology.D.Education.

【答案】

1.C

2.D

3.A

【详解】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措；

1.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"However,justinthelastyear,apotentialsolutionhasburstontothe

market:plantbasedmeat,whichhasatinyenvironmentalfootprint.（然而，就在去年，——种潜在的解决方案突然

出现在市场上：植物性肉，这种肉对环境的影响很小）”可知，植物肉的发明是一个为保护环境所做的小小

举措。由此推知，发明植物肉为了减少温室气体排放量。故选C；

2.推理判断题。通读第五段“Perhapsevenmoretellingisthatmajormeatanddairypaniesarenowpilinginwith

investments,suchastheUS'sbiggestmeatprocessor,Tyson,andmultinationalgiantsDanoneandNestle.The

Chinesegovernmentin2017put$300millionintoIsraelipaniesproducinglabgrownmeat,whichcouldalsocut

emissions.（也许更能说明问题的是，大型肉类和乳制品公司正在大举投资，比如美国最大的肉类加工商泰

森食品（Tyson）,以及跨国巨头达能（Danone）和NestlC。2017年，中国政府向生产实验室培育肉类的以色列

公司投资3亿美元，这也可以减少排放）”可知，本段主要介绍了美国最大的肉类加工企业和中国政府已加

大对新型肉类和奶制品公司的投资，而这些举措都能减少碳排放。由此推知，本段的作用是列举一些致力

于减少碳排放的例子。故选D；

3.推理判断题。根据第一段"Aseriesoffastmovingglobaltrends,motivatedbytrillionpoundinvestments（投资）,

indicatesthathumanitymightbeabletoavoidtheworstinfluencesofglobalwarming.（在数万亿英镑投资的推

动下，一系列快速变化的全球趋势表明，人类或许能够避免全球变暖带来的最坏影响）”和第三段“However,

justinthelastyear,apotentialsolutionhasburstontothemarket:plantbasedmeat,whichhasatiny

environmentalfootprint然而，就在去年，一种潜在的解决方案突然出现在市场上：植物性肉，这种肉对环

境的影响很小）”以及倒数第二段中“Perhapsevenmoretellingisthatmajormeatanddairypaniesarenow

pilinginwithinvestments（也许更能说明问题的是，大型肉类和乳制品公司正在大举投资）“可知，本文主要

介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措。由此推知，在网页的环境部分可以

看到这篇文章。故选A。

E

Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoour

personality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebackto

the1930s-mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Research

showsthataperson'sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,or

gender.

Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled"openness“isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsareinterestedin

art.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas^conscientious(——丝不苟的)“，areoftenlessdrawntothearts.These

traitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.

Themodelclaimsthateachpersonalityisposedofabinationoffivecoretraits:openness,conscientiousness,

extroversion(enjoyingbeingwithotherpeople),agreeableness(beingpleasant)andneuroticism(feelingworried

andnervous).Ratherthanstatingapersonasbeingeithershyoroutgoing,theBigFiveModelbelievesthat

everyoneliessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.

Personalitytraitsmayalsoaffectthewaypeoplevisuallyscanart.A2018studytrackedparticipants5eye

movementsastheystudiedabstractartwork.Themajorityofparticipantsconcentratedontheupperrightpart.This

makessense,astherighthalfofthebrainisspecializedforvisualandspatialprocessing,andalsoplaysa

significantroleinprocessingtheemotionsthatartdrawsout.However,participantswhotendedtoward

neuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottom

ofthepicture.

Evenwiththeimpressiveamountofresearchintotherelationshipbetweenpeople'spersonalitytraitsand

theirloveforart,therearestillholesinthetheories.Forinstance,somescientistsclaimthattheBigFiveModel

doesn'ttranslateacrossculturesandismainlytargetedtowardthoselivingindevelopednations.Also,most

studieshavefocusedontwodimensionalart,likepaintings,andhaven'tyetcaptureddifferingpreferencesforthe

varietyofmediathatexistaroundtheworld.Thenthere'sthefactthatourartpreferenceschangeovertimeand

areinformedbyourages,relationshipsandlifeexperiences.

People'spreferencesforartarenearlyasplicatedasartitself.Butifyou'relookingforaquicktestof

someone'sgeneralpersonalitytraits,itdoesn,thurttoglanceatwhafshangingontheirwalls.；

1.Theshadowedareaineachofthefollowingpicturesisthepartapersonfocusesonwhenenjoyinganabstract

painting.Accordingtothe2018study,whichbestillustratestheperceptionofapersonwhotendstobeinanxiety?

日

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheBigFiveModel?

A.Itisagloballyacceptedmeasuringsystem.

B.Everyonecanfitintooneofthefivecategories.

C.Thereismuchevidenceofscientificstudiestobackit.

D.Itcanexplainthechangeinourartpreferenceovertime.；

【答案】

1.c

2.C

【详解】

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社

会阶层、年龄或性别的关系；

1.推理判断题。根据第四段的“However,participantswhotendedtowardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideof

thepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottomofthepicture.（然而,倾向于神经过

敏的参与者关注的是图片的左侧，而患有精神疾病的参与者则更多地关注图片的底部。）”可知，一个处于

焦虑状态的人会关注图片的左侧和底部，故选C；

2.推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybased

onnearlyacenturyofresearch.（这些特质是“BigFive”的一部分。“BigFive”是基于近一个世纪的研究而被广

泛接受的人格理论。）”可知，有很多科学研究的证据支持BigFiveModel这一观点。故选C；

F

Iknowpeoplewhosaytheydon'twatchtelevision,andIalwaysnodandagree.Readingrequires

intelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment,right?

I'mgoingtoScotlandthisyear,andthreedifferentpeopletoldmeImustwatch"Outlander“beforeIgo,

whichislike"GameofThrones^^forfansofromancenovels.Iwatchedthefirstfourhourlongepisodesbackto

back.WhenIstoodupfromthecouchIfeltsick,anditwasn'tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanutbutter

sandwichesI'dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayonthecouch.

ResearchforScotland?Notexactly.

AfewdayslaterIhadalibrarybookdue:TheNationalBookAwardwinnerTheFriend,bySigridNunez.I

neededtofinishit,soIreadthelasthalfstraightthrough.IwasabsorbedinNunez'sNewYorkCity,worrying

abouttheheroin'scareerandherfuture.Ifinishedthebookwithtearsinmyeyesandstoodupfeeling,well,great.

Ihadwastedanotherfourhoursonmycouch.Ihadn'teatenasmuchjunkfoodbecauseIneededmyhands

free-andnotsticky-soIcouldturnpagesandreturnthebooktothelibraryrelativelyclean,butIhadn'tmoved

andonceagainitwasdarkoutside.WhydidIfeelsomuchbetterandguiltfree?

Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotesprehensionandimagination,

relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer's.Theactofphysicallyturninga

pagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblack

squiggles（弯弯曲曲的线条）onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.

Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownhair,areadercreatesherownpicture.TVtakesallthat

imagination