高二英语阅读理解(教育文化)各地方试卷集合汇编

高二英语阅读理解(教育文化)各地方试卷集合汇编一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(统计)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入学)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

.A.

manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.

white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.

fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.

thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?A.

Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.

Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.

Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.

Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat

.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat

.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过调查告诉人们要改变传统的观念:应首先考虑选择技术性的工作——因为它缺乏人才,待遇更高。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚的钱多,故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌输)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三项正确,而D项不是大学入学人数增加的原因,故选D。（3）考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知,作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育的人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的原因;最后还谈到了很多学生上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业。所有这些都在暗示人们,上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作的人应该增多，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar

TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary(多学科的)coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram

TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option3:IgnatiusSeminars

Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.（1）HowdostudentslearntheculturalhistoryoftheMediterranean?A.

Bycompletingtheschedule.

B.

Bywritingfictionalbooks.C.

Byselectinglor4courses.

D.

Byreadingmaterialsofthisarea.（2）Whichprogramissuitableforastudentinterestedinlanguages?A.

Option1.

B.

Option2.

C.

Option3.

D.

Option4.（3）What'sapossiblereasonforchoosingOption4?A.

Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.

B.

Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.C.

Itintroducesyoutoareasofinterest.

D.

Itisonlyofferedinthefirstsemester.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，在大学的四年里，你会有很多令人兴奋的选择，第一个是你第一学期的课程选择。这个选择的美妙之处在于你不会出错！无论你选择申请哪一个，你都将为你的大学生涯创造一个丰富的智力体验。作者介绍了大学生对课程的四种选择。（1）考查细节理解。根据Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar部分中的“TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.”人文学科研讨会是一门多学科课程，通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史，可知，学生通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史。由此可知，学生是通过阅读该地区的资料来学习地中海的文化历史的。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中的“TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务，旨在为他们创造一种社区感和智力成长的机会，可知，Option2的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务。可知，对语言感兴趣的学生可以选择Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram部分中的“Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.”有了这个项目，你将迈出你的第一步，进入大学丰富多样的核心课程，在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。可知，Option4在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。可推知，Option4能把你领进你感兴趣的领域，这应该是学生选择Option4的原因。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Beforeyoumakefriends,youhavetodecidewhoyouwanttobeyourfriends.

Mostpeopleliketohavefriendswholiketodothesamekindofthingstheydo.

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.Whenyousmile,peoplethinkyouarefriendlyandeasytotalkto.Itmaynotbeeasyatfirsttosmile,butremembermostpeoplewillstayawayfromascaledorangrylooking.

Oneeasywaytostallaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.Doesn'titmakeyouwanttokeeptalkingtothatperson?

Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.Who'stheirfavouritesinger,wheredotheylive,whatdotheydoafterschoolareallgoodquestionstostartaconversation.Makesureyouhavesomethingtoaddtotheconversation,too.Thensomeoneasksyouaquestion,dohaveananswerforit.Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.

Kidswhoshowaninterestinotherkidsandwhoarekindandfriendlymakegoodfriends.Remember,everyonewantstobearoundpeoplewholiketodosimilarthingsandpeoplewhoarenicetothem.（1）Thispassagegivesussomeadviceon_______.A.

howtomakefriends

B.

whoyoucanmakefriendswithC.

howtostartaconversation

D.

theimportanceofsmile（2）Mostpeopleliketomakefriendswiththose________.A.

whoaresadeveryday

B.

whosharethesameinterestC.

whoarefondoftalking

D.

whosaybadthingstothem（3）Accordingtothethirdparagraph,mostpeopleenjoytalkingtoone__________.A.

whoisalwayssmiling

B.

whoseemstobefriendlyC.

whopraisesthem

D.

whopointsouttheirshortcomings（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthispassagemean?A.

Beingveryproud.

B.

Makingnoanswer.C.

Knowingnothing.

D.

Nothopingtoanswer.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在你交朋友之前，你必须决定你想成为谁的朋友，大部分人想要叫朋友都做同样的事情。作者介绍了如何交朋友．最快捷的方式是微笑，以赞美的方式开始话题，还要投其所好，这样的话才能交到更多的朋友。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”

Thequickestwaytomakeafriendistosmile.

“以及第四段中的"Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeone…"可知，本文讲述如何人交朋友，最快捷的方式是微笑，以赞美的方式开始话题，还要投其所好，这样才能交到更多的朋友，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"…dothesamekindsofthingstheydo"及最后一段中的"…dosimilarthings"可知，志趣相投的人容易成为朋友，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”Oneeasywaytostartaconversationwithsomeoneistosaysomethingniceabouthim.Thinkabouthowgreatyoufeelwhensomeonesayssomethingnicetoyou.

“和某人开始交谈的一个简单方法就是说他的好话。想一想,当某个人总是说你好话的时候,你感觉有多棒。可推知选C。（4）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的”Thereisnothingthatwillstopaconversationquickerthanashrugforananswer.“

当你对别人的回答不屑时，谈话就会立刻结束。可知选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.Butthisquestionneverhappensabouttheirmothertongue,andyet,itwasaforeignlanguageonce.However,amongallthequestionsthatnewparentsask,nodoctorhaseverheard:"Willmybabybeabletolearnmylanguage?"Behonest,doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue?Theansweris:"no".

Newwords,andnewwaysofusingoldwords,appeareveryday.Twentyyearsago,whocouldhavebeenabletounderstandasentencelikethis:"Clickheretodownloadyourdigitalbook."?Nobody.Youneverstoplearningnewvocabularyandyouneverknowhowlongyouwillneedit.

Sometimes,youhavethewordonthetipofyourtongue...anditsticksthere!Butyoudoknowthisphenomenon(现象)anddon'tthinkthatitisbecauseofabadmemory.Youshouldnotgivethisphenomenonmoreimportanceinthelanguageyouarelearningthaninyourmothertongue.

Youneedtolearnonly2000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.Youcan'tavoidsomeworkinordertolearnthesenecessarywordsandallthemoreifyouwanttolearnquickly.Andbeforeyouconsiderbuyingintoanymethod,besureitisrightforyou.Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics(记忆群).Thefirstfewwordsseemveryeasytolearn,soyoubuythecourse,butthenyoudiscoverquickly,thoughtoolate,thatadozenwordslater,itisallthemoredifficulttolearnanewwordwhenyouhavealsotolearnthetricktomemorizeit.（1）Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat______.A.

thereisnoneedtoknowallthewordsofaforeignlanguageB.

itishonesttoanswer"no"toaquestionyoudon'tknowC.

ababycanknowallthenewwordsofitsmothertongueD.

peoplefindithardtomemorizevocabularyoftheirlanguage（2）Tolearnaforeignlanguage,theauthoradvisesyou______.A.toremembernewwordsappearingeverydayB.tokeepupwithnewwaysofusingoldwordsC.tolearnatleast2,000necessarywordsD.topaymoreattentiontoyourbadmemory（3）Theauthor'sattitudetomnemonicsis________.A.supportiveB.neutralC.opponentD.indifferent（4）Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.usingoldwordsinanewwayB.learningnewwordsfromthecontextC.findingamethodtomemorizevocabularyD.learningvocabularyofaforeignlanguage【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Tobehonest，doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue？Theansweris‘No’．“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Youneedtolearnonly2，000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercentage(3%)ofthemwhoactuallywrotedowntheirgoals-andthesewerethemostsuccessful!Youcanbecertainthateveryoneofthosestudentshadrepeatedlyheardthevalueofgoalsetting.Yetonly3%actuallywrotedowntheirgoalsconsistently.Imaginewhatyoucandoifyoubothwritedownyourgoalsand,then,focusonthemconsistently,untiltheyareaccomplished!

Whatisitthatcausesthe"NewYear'sResolutionSyndrome"?Peoplemakeresolutions,workhardatthemforafewweeks,maybeevenafewmonths,andthenforgetthem.Nextyear,theymakethesameNewYear'sresolutions.Thatisthesyndrome.Sowhydosomanypeopledoit?

Theymaybemakinggoalsthataretooglobal,andtoounrealistic.Theelephantanalogy(比喻)isstillthebestoneIknowoftoillustrategoodgoalsetting."Howdoyoueatanelephant?Onespoonfulatatime."Soitiswithgoals.Makespoonsizegoalsandaccomplishthemeasily.Onceyou'vemasteredthis,getabiggerspoon!

Youmayhavetoomanypeopleinyourlifewhoconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyareunwillingorunabletosupportyoutoreachyourgoals.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhowantyoutohavewhatyouwantforyourself.Supporteachotherandyou'llallachieveyourhighestgoals.

Wemustbecarefulnottoconfusebusynesswithprogress.Beselectiveabouthowyouuseyourtimeandwhatyoufocuson.Successoftencomeswhenyouknowwhattoleaveout,ratherthanwhattoincludeinyourlife.

Goalsettingislikethepigandchickenwhowereoutforawalkintownearlyonemorning.Thechickenbecamereallyexcitedwhenshesawasignthatsaid"Ham&Eggs,$2.99".Shesaidtothepig,"Look,we'vegotdoublebillingagain."Thepiggruntedandsaid,"That'sallrightforyoutosay.Foryou,it'sallinaday'swork.Forme,it'stotalcommitment."Goalsettingisallinaday'swork.Goalachievementistotalcommitment.（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.FewHarvardstudentsknowtheimportanceofsettinggoals.B.Writingdowngoalsisunhelpfulinachievingthem.C.AverysmallpercentageofHarvardstudentscansucceed.D.Keepingworkingongoalseventuallyleadstovictory.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutNewYear'sresolutions?A.Theyarereallydifficulttoachieve.B.Mostpeoplegivethemuphalfway.C.Theyshouldbedifferentfromyeartoyear.D.Mostpeoplemakenoefforttoachievethem.（3）Accordingtotheelephantanalogy,whensettinggoals,weshould

.A.askforothers'adviceB.setgreatandworthygoalsC.breakabiggoalintosmallerpiecesD.refertothegoalswesetearlier（4）Whatdoesthestoryofthepigandchickenimply?A.Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.B.Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.（5）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Goalsonlyworkwhenyoudo!B.Surroundingscontributetosuccess!C.WaystomakeNewYear'sresolutionsD.Suggestionsforsettingrealisticgoals【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述只有很少的人能够坚持写下自己的目标，而这部分人是最成功的，同时也说明了实现目标需要注意的几个方面：第一，学会分解目标；第二，找到能够支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌与进步；第四，目标设定很容易，但是实现目标是一个长期的过程。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercentage(3%)ofthemwhoactuallywrotedowntheirgoals-andthesewerethemostsuccessful!”可知，只有3%的人能够写下自己的目标，而这些人是最成功的，故可以推测出，只有不断坚持，朝目标前进的人才能成功，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Peoplemakeresolutions,workhardatthemforafewweeks,maybeevenafewmonths,andthenforgetthem.”可知，人们往往年初做决心，前几周，甚至前几个月很努力，但是之后就抛之于九霄云外，可知，很多人半途而废，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Howdoyoueatanelephant?Onespoonfulatatime."Soitiswithgoals.Makespoonsizegoalsandaccomplishthemeasily.可知，设置目标跟吃大象是一样的，把目标分成小部分，就很容易实现这些目标了，故可知，要学会分解目标，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Goalsettingisallinaday'swork.Goalachievementistotalcommitment.”可知，设定目标很短，但是达成目标则需要完全的付出，根据选项，与A选项，罗马不是一日建成的，意思符合，故选A。（5）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述只有很少的人能够坚持写下自己的目标，而这部分人是最成功的，同时也说明了实现目标需要注意的几个方面：第一，学会分解目标；第二，找到能够支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌与进步；第四，目标设定很容易，但是实现目标是一个长期的过程，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了盐对心脏有影响的原因，以及人们在日常生活中保持低盐的生活方式。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”长期以来，心脏病被认为是成年人的问题，但一项新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。年轻时吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一个有高血压的孩子更有可能成为一个有高血压的成年人，可知，文章作者特别担心孩子食用过咸的食物导致心脏病和高血压。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”减少盐可能有助于阻止儿童长胖。英国的研究人员最近发现吃盐少的孩子喝的含糖饮料也更少，可知，作者认为吃多盐食品和喝过多含糖的软饮料也会使孩子长胖。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一项研究发现越来越多的美国孩子正在患肾结石。这种痛苦的病通常只在40岁以上的人才患，现在五岁的孩子也在遭受这种疾病，可知，研究发现现在肾结石这种病正在变得年轻化。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(调味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐渐改变。先在晚餐中加入平时一半的食盐。食用新鲜食品而非罐装或者瓶装食品。少放些调味品。你可能也要阅读营养标签。可知，本段提供了一些可以减少食盐摄入量的方法。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Wemaybelivinginthedigitalagebutreadingbooksisstillabigpartofgrowingup.Whenthey'reinprimaryschool,childrenreadbooksthatreallychallengethem.Butoncetheyreachsecondaryschool,thelevelofdifficultydoesn'tchangemuch.Secondaryschoolstudentstendtoreadbookswhicharealsoreadbyupperprimarystudents.Theyarenotchallengingthemselvesenough.

Todiscoverthesetrends,IanalyzeddatacollectedbyAcceleratedReader(AR)software,whichaskspupilstochecktheirunderstandingofthebooksthey'vechosentoread.Thedifficulty—whichIcall"readability".

Ialsocreatedtwolistsofbooks:oneforthebooksthatmostsecondarypupilshadchosentoread,andanotherforthebookstheyhadvotedastheirfavorites.Accordingtothereadability,thesestudents'favoritebookstendtobemuchmoreadvancedthantheotherbookstheychose,buttheycouldstillunderstandthem.Therestofthebooksmostoftenchosenbythemarequitesimple.

Youmightthinkthatstudentswhoreadharderbooksmightmakemoremistakesandunderstandthemlesswell.Butstudents'qualityofcomprehensiondoesnotdependonthedifficultyofthebook,nomatterwhatyearofsecondaryschoolthey'rein.Havinganinterestisthemostobviousfactorhere—ifyoulikethebook,youtryhardtoreallyunderstandit.

Aschildrenbecometeenagers,theylistenlesstoadvicefromadultsandmoretoadvicefromkidsoftheirage.So,ratherthantryingtolectureyoungpeopleonthebenefitsofJaneAusten,weshouldmakethenatureoftheproblemcleartothem.Studentsshouldchallengeeachothertoreadmoredifficultbooks.Adultscouldhelpbysettingupnoticeboardsororganizingsocialmedianetworksforyoungpeopletosharetheirrecommendations.Andteacherscanlendahandbysettingasidetimeforreadinginschool.Youngpeoplewillrealizetheproblemsthatcomewhentheydon'tchallengethemselvestoreaddifficultbooks.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Childrenspendlittletimeonafter-classreadingB.SecondaryschoolstudentsseldomreadtoughbooksC.Children'sreadinginteresttendstodecreaseastheygrowupD.Primarystudentshavedifficultychoosinggoodreadingmaterials（2）TheauthormadeuseofARsoftwareto________.A.understandchildren'sdifferentreadingstylesB.showtheaveragetimechildrenspendonreadingC.findoutthecausesofchildren'sreadingdifficultiesD.makeclearthedifficultylevelsofbooksreadbychildren（3）Whatcanweinferaboutsecondaryschoolstudentsfromthereadabilityscores?A.TheyfindsomeadvancedbooksinterestingB.TheyoftenmakemistakesduringadvancedreadingC.TheyprefertoreadbooksrecommendedbytheirparentsD.Theycanhardlyimprovetheirscoresonreadingcomprehension（4）AccordingtoParagraph4,whatisvitalforimprovingreadingcomprehension?A.BasicknowledgeB.ReadingskillsC.MotivationD.Instruction（5）Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.DesigningrelativelydifficulttextbooksisnecessaryB.Improvingstudents'readingisasharedresponsibilityC.AdvancedtechnologyshouldbeusedinreadingreachingD.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoreadmoreliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过对初中生阅读能力的一项调查讨论了如何提高他们的阅读能力—兴趣动力。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Butoncetheyreachsecondaryschool,thelevelofdifficultydoesn'tchangemuch.Secondaryschoolstudentstendtoreadbookswhicharealsoreadbyupperprimarystudents.Theyarenotchallengingthemselvesenough.”但是一旦他们进入中学，学习的难度并没有太大的变化。中学生喜欢读小学高年级学生也