【高考新风向】专题一语法填空-有提示词语法填空2-英语二轮总复习讲义学生版

专题一语法填空有提示词语法填空——动词（谓语动词）【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空。动词在语法填空7个提示词中所占的比重最大，难度最高。考查动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词的题目是学生的失分点。本讲义着重讲解有提示词的语法填空中提示词为动词相关的解题技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】有提示词的解题技巧技巧1.首先分析该空的句子成分，再确定词性和词形。技巧2.句中谓语缺失，要考虑时态和语态，主谓一致。技巧3.若提示词是动词，在句中不做谓语，需优先考虑非谓动词：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何确定作谓语和作何种谓语【解题步骤】第一步：确定是否作谓语首先，分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语，则该空格应填谓语动词。第二步：确定作谓语的三点注意1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定语态；3．根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。考查点1:时态【知识清单】提示词为动词时，确定时态的4根据1.识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday,lastyear,in2020,theotherday,twodaysago,一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去式。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon般将来时。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelast/pastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for＋时间段，eversince...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。2.前后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。3.通过常用句式掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsthwhensbdid...(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般过去时(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsbhaddone...(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时(5)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth4.通过语境分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。【例题示范】ꢀ(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It61.____________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复)．【分析】第一步ꢀ确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和hasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复)作并列谓语。第二步ꢀ考虑时态语态和主谓一致。有时间状语intheTangdynasty可知发生在过去，根据主语it(theGreatWall)与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。[答案]ꢀwas__built【专项练习】1.What________(puzzle)meisthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.2.Theletter________(post)aweekagoandit________(arrive)yesterday.3.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay______(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.4.ThiswasthefirsttimeI____________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.5.I____________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.6.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou____________(feel)better.”7.Therefore,itishightimethatwe____________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.8.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent____________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.9.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods____________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.【高考真题】12022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22022全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.32022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.42022年全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.52022年全国乙卷）...ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety________(address)theopeningceremony.考查点2：语态【知识清单】确定谓语动词的语态，分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋bedone。(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。2.牢记主动表被动含义句式结构提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。【专项练习】Heradviceisthatgoodstudyhabits________(form)inone’schildhood.1.Thedoctorrecommendedthatthemedicine________（take）threetimesaday.2.3.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothe4.villagelastweek.【高考真题】1.（2022年新高考I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020·浙江1月卷)Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However，greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(长寿)．3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood________(need)．4.（2020北京卷）Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey________(throw)away.考查点3:主谓一致【知识清单】1.语法一致原则(1)some,apartof动词的单复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。2.就近一致原则(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。3.意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。【专项练习】1.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____________(move)deeplybythemovingstory.3.Ourschooliscarryingonareformineducationandeachboyandeachgirl____________(have)accesstoatablecomputeraswellastheInternet.4.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.5.61percentofthepopulationofthiscity________(be)fromethnicminoritygroups.【高考真题】1.（2022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.2.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.3.（2022·湖南·二模）61percentofthepopulationofthiscity________(be)fromethnicminoritygroups.4.（2022年新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.5.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection____________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.专题一语法填空有提示词语法填空——动词（谓语动词）【题型把握】语篇语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10写空白处所需要的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词，词，代词，冠词，主谓一致，语态，等来判断各填空处应填写的内容。一般分为两种类型，有提示词的和无提示词的语法填空。动词在语法填空7个提示词中所占的比重最大，难度最高。考查动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词的题目是学生的失分点。本讲义着重讲解有提示词的语法填空中提示词为动词相关的解题技巧。【知识导图】【解题技巧】有提示词的解题技巧技巧1.首先分析该空的句子成分，再确定词性和词形。技巧2.句中谓语缺失，要考虑时态和语态，主谓一致。技巧3.若提示词是动词，在句中不做谓语，需优先考虑非谓动词：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何确定作谓语和作何种谓语【解题步骤】第一步：确定是否作谓语首先，分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语，则该空格应填谓语动词。第二步：确定作谓语的三点注意1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定语态；3．根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。考查点1:时态【知识清单】提示词为动词时，确定时态的4根据1.识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday,lastyear,in2020,theotherday,twodaysago,一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去式。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon般将来时。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelast/pastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for＋时间段，eversince...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。2.前后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。3.通过常用句式掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsthwhensbdid...(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般过去时(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsbhaddone...(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时(5)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth4.通过语境分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。【例题示范】ꢀ(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It61.____________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复)．【分析】第一步ꢀ确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和hasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复)作并列谓语。第二步ꢀ考虑时态语态和主谓一致。有时间状语intheTangdynasty可知发生在过去，根据主语it(theGreatWall)与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。[答案]ꢀwas__built【专项练习】1.What________(puzzle)meisthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.2.Theletter________(post)aweekagoandit________(arrive)yesterday.3.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay______(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.4.ThiswasthefirsttimeI____________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.5.I____________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.6.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou____________(feel)better.”7.Therefore,itishightimethatwe____________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.8.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent____________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.9.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods____________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.【高考真题】12022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22022全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.32022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.42022年全国甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.52022年全国乙卷）...ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety________(address)theopeningceremony.考查点2：语态【知识清单】确定谓语动词的语态，分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，情态动词＋bedone。(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。2.牢记主动表被动含义句式结构提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。【专项练习】Heradviceisthatgoodstudyhabits________(form)inone’schildhood.1.Thedoctorrecommendedthatthemedicine________（take）threetimesaday.2.3.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothe4.villagelastweek.【高考真题】1.（2022年新高考I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020·浙江1月卷)Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However，greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(长寿)．3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood________(need)．4.（2020北京卷）Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey________(throw)away.考查点3:主谓一致【知识清单】1.语法一致原则(1)some,apartof动词的单复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。2.就近一致原则(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到主语由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。(2)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，看到there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。3.意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。【专项练习】1.Amy,a