02.动词(短语)-【高频考点解密】高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（全国）

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（全国通用）04.动词(短语)动词及动词短语是英语语法的核心，也是构成一个句子最基本的成分。动词及动词短语的灵活运用是英语的一大特点，是学生学习中的难点，更是每年高考中测试的重点。现通过对动词及动词词组的典题进行分析和总结，望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题的解题能力。一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析近三年，高考对动词词义的考查，多出现在完形填空中。在做题时，要根据上下文的语境和选项中动词的含义来确定最终答案。【典例1】________thevehicle，theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.（完形填空）A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching解析：根据语境可知，应该是靠近车。start“开始，发动”；park“泊车”；pass“经过，传递”；approach“靠近”。故答案选D。【典例2】MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway，wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid，“________myjob.Familytofeed.”（完形填空）A.LostB.ChangedC.QuitD.Finished解析：根据上下文可知，纸上写的是“丢了工作，还有家人要养活。”故答案选A。二、考查动词近义词的辨析【典例1】LegendhasitthattheoriginoftheDragonBoatFestivalisto________thesoulofQuYuan.（完形填空）A.rememberB.remindC.recoversD.recall解析：remember，remind，recall三个词意思相近。remember“记住，记起”；remind“提醒，使想起”；recover“恢复”；recall“使想起，回想，召回”；根据句子意思可知，答案选D。【典例2】LarryworkswithTransportDrivers，Inc.Onemorningin2009，Larrywas________along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhiscustomers.（完形填空）A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing解析：根据文意可知，Larry在运输公司工作，在2009年的一个早上，Larry正沿着165公路向北行驶着。tour“旅行，巡回演出”；travel“旅行，行驶”，根据题意可知，答案应该选C。三、考查动词的熟词生义和一词多义从近三年的高考真题来看，高考命题非常重视对动词的熟词生义和一词多义的考查，这种现象多出现在完形和阅读中。有些考生不懂这些熟词的“新含义”，而无法正确理解文章或题干的含义，因此丢分。【典例1】Theyhadbeguntointegrate（融合）thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad________thedaybeforeintotheirgame.（完形填空）A.seenB.knowC.heardD.read解析：A。see常见的含义是“看见”，根据本空前后的意思可知，这里的含义应是“领会，理解”。如：Itshowsthatyourchildhasn’tseenthepointofthestory.这表明你的孩子还没有领会故事的意思。此外，see还有“认为，见证，参观”等含义。【典例2】Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.（任务型阅读）解析：translate常见含义是“翻译”，但在这个句子里是“转变，转化”的意思。再如：Yourdecisionmustbetranslatedintospecific，concreteactions.你的决定必须转化为具体明确的行动。此外，translate还有“理解，解释”的含义。四、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例也很大，主要出现在完形填空题中，四个选项是四个不同的动词短语，以此来考查考生在语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。【典例1】Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived，Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.（完形填空）A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout解析：根据“letthemgotowork”，可知答案选B。stepforward“迈向前”；backoff“后退”；moveon“继续”；setout“出发”。【典例2】WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto________myowncancerexperience？（完形填空）A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto解析：根据“looktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagain”及后半句意思可知，答案选C。learnfrom“向……学习”；goover“复习”；getthrough“熬过，通过”；referto“参考，涉及，指的是”。【典例3】ThatleakyfaucetsomehowawakenedmetothefactthatInowhadto________thechallengeofgettingthingsfixed.（完形填空）A.comeupwithB.faceuptoC.lookforwardtoD.stepawayfrom解析：根据上下文可知，作者不得不面对这一挑战，故答案选B。comeupwith“提出”；faceupto“勇敢面对”；lookforwardto“盼望，期望”；stepawayfrom“远离”。五、考查同根动词短语的辨析对同根动词短语辨析的考查，也多在完形填空题中进行考查。根据上下文和语境来确定答案。这要求学生对同根动词所构成的动词短语要有精准的掌握。【典例】Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson________andtoldLarryhehadmadeanemergencycall.（完形填空）A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover解析：句意：车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来，告诉Larry他已经打了急救电话。comedown“下降，降低，被拆毁”；comethrough“经历”；comein“進入，卷入”；comeover“走过来”。根据语境可知，答案为D。六、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析【典例】It________thatamongotherthings，hewasaneighty-year-oldwriter.（完形填空）A.cameoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout解析：comeout“出版，开花”；workout“锻炼，计算出”；proveout“证明”；turnout“结果是，原来是”。根据句意可知，答案为D。七、考查动词短语中的介词或副词的搭配动词与介词或副词构成的短语也是高考中的主要考点，这类题多在完形填空题、语法填空题和短文改错题中进行考查。学生在日常的学习中，要多对包含有介词或副词的动词短语进行归纳记忆。【典例1】Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.（短文改错）解析：dreamof/aboutdoingsth“梦想做某事”，故在dreams后加of/about。【典例2】Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal________ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.解析：appealto“对……有吸引力，对……有感染力”，固定搭配。故答案填to。【典例3】Anyway，wereherenow，solet’sgetdown________someseriouswork.解析：getdownto“开始做，着手做”，固定搭配。故答案填to。八、常考动词短语归纳1.breakbreakdown损坏，出毛病breakin闯入，插话breakoff（使）分离，停止，断交breakout（战争等）爆发，逃出（无被动式）breakthrough突围，突破breakup驱散，（使）散开breakawayfrom脱离，打破，放弃2.bringbringabout使倒下，使下降bringforward提出bringin把……拿进来，收获，赚（钱）bringupsb抚养某人bringupsth提出bringup呕吐bringtoanend结束=cometoanend3.callcallonsb拜访，号召callat访问（某人的家）；（火车、船）停靠callfor需要calloff取消（计划，比赛）callout（callout+tosb）大声地叫callupsb打电话4.comecomeacross偶然发现，偶然遇到comeon快点（口），开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去comein进来，上市comeout出来，出发，结果cometo苏醒，总共，达到comeup上升，升起5.cutcutaway切除cutthrough走近路，穿透cutdown砍倒，减少，压缩（开支）cutoff切断（关系，来往），中止（电话，思维）cutout删掉/改掉（恶习），停止6.diediefrom死于，因……而死dieoff相继死亡dieaway声音变弱，渐渐消失diedown慢慢地熄灭（风，火）dieout熄灭，变弱，消失，灭绝（动物）7.fallfallasleep去睡觉=gotosleepfallill病了fallback后退，后撤fallbehind落后，跟不上falloff减少，从……摔下来8.getgetabout到处走，消息的传开getacross穿过，领会getaway逃掉，离开，摆脱getdown从……下来，写下来，记下来getalongwith进展，友好相处getin进去，收获getoff离开，下车geton上车getover克服（困难），从病中恢复过来getaround=spread传开getthrough完成，通过，用完，从人群中通过，接通电话getto到达gettogether聚会，达成一致getintotrouble陷入getridof摆脱，去掉9.givegiveaway分发，出卖，放弃givein屈服giveoff放出（气体，光）giveout公布，用尽，分发giveup放弃，停止做某事giveover交出，移交10.leaveleavealone不要管（某人），不要碰（某物）leavebehind遗留，留下，超过leaveoff（使）停止，中断leaveout刪掉，漏掉leaveover剩下，暂时不去解决11.putputoff推迟，延期puton穿上，上演，播放，打开putout伸出，扑灭，生产，出版putthrough接通电话；使经历（困难等）putup举起，建立，张贴，提出putupwith忍受putforward提出，把……提前putdown放下，写下，镇压putaway收拾起来，储存putaside放在一边，储存，忽视puttogether装配（零件等），整理12.taketakedown取下，记下，拆除takeoff起飞，脱去，成名takeon接受，承担，雇佣，呈现takeover接替，接管，继承takeup拿起，开始从事，占用，接下去takein吸收，欺骗，收容takeaway拿走，夺去takeafter模仿，与……相像takeback拿回，收回，退货taketo喜欢，沉迷于13.turnturnto求助于，转向，翻到turnout生产，关掉，结果是turnon打開（灯等），取决于，袭击turnoff关掉，使（某人）厌烦turndown拒绝，调低turnup出现，调高turnover翻身，翻转，把……移交turnin上缴，告发turnaround转身14.setsetout着手做，出发，陈述setoff出发，使爆炸setdown放下，记下setaside留出，抛弃（意见、习惯等）setup设立，建立setabout着手做（setaboutdoing=setouttodo）一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1.ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehim_____(put)hishandincoldwater.2.Thewater__________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.3.Doingsowill________(title)theticketholdertounlimitedfreeparking.4.China’sdeadliestearthquakeinrecentyears________(be)a7.9magnitudequakein2008thatkillednearly90,000peopleinSichuan.5.Whenyousew______________tothisend,fastenoffthethread.6.Heconfidently___________(forecast)abigincreaseinsales,andheturnedouttoberight.7.Soeveryteachershouldbehelpfulandkind.Itcanmakechildren________(love)youandthesubjectyouteach.8.I’llhavethegardener______(plant)sometrees.9.We’dbetter______(large)thereadingroombyknockingthroughbetweenthetwosmallrooms.10.Thenewswas______（announce）byCCTV.11.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho______(have)helpedme.12.Mynewbedroom________(measure)15ftby12ft,whichisbigenoughforme.13.If________________________(利用)timeproperly,youdefinitelycouldcompletethemissionperfectly.（根据汉语提示完成句子）14.Theywillhaveyou__________(arrest)ifyoudon’tpaytaxes,becauseitiseveryone’sdutytopaytaxes.15.Look!Thebox___________anumberofletters,which___________thosefromhisstudents.(contain/include)16.Shecameup________anewideaforincreasingsales.（用适当的词填空）17.Hisdeterminationcarriedhim__________thedifficulties.18.Thereareseveralmainreasonswhyoldbuildingsshouldbetorn________andreplacedbynewones.19.Ican’tfindmypen.Who________itaway?（take）20.Ithoughtwhatyousaid_____________(worse)therelationshipbetweenyoutwo.21.Thissortofroastmeatisalocalsuperfoodandit__________（taste）delicious.22.Ifyouwanttoplaysafe,cut___________ontheamountofsaltyoueat.（用适当的词填空）23.Hewasannoyedandrefusedtocomment_________thesuggestion.24.Itishardtoseehowpeoplewillget_________thewinter.（用适当的词填空）25.彼得想利用巴黎之旅来提高他的法语。Peterwantedto________hisvisittoParistoimprovehisFrench.26.Ifyoucomeacrossanydifficultyduringyourjourney,youcanturn_________me.（用适当的词填空）27.Yououghttohaveturned_________onthesceneattheappointedtime.28.Theseatsintheplaneare_________,andyoucan_________themtoacertainangle.Theisnotdifficulttomake____.(adjust)29.Itisnotsohelpfultogivesomeonesomebreadastoteachhimhowtomake__________living.（用适当的词填空）30.Bobwroteapoemaboutthebutterflyandhehadit________(polish)beforeitwaspublished.31.Fewpeoplecanstick___________adietforlong.（用适当的词填空）32.Theprinciplethatyoucanbecomegoodatthingsthroughhardworkapplies__________yourschoolwork.（用适当的词填空）33.TheteachertoldusthattheSecondWorldWar___________(break)outin1939.34.Thenewlawdoesnotrefer___________landusedforfarming.（用适当的词填空）35.Thedullplayreallycame________lifeintheperformancebytheseyoungpeople.36.“Ourwishhascome________(truth).”ThecoachsaidaftertheChinesegirlswonthefirstVolleyballWorldCuptitlein18years.37.TheNorthKorea’sconductinganundergroundnuclearexplosionset________aninternationalargument.38.Suchanimalsasdinosaursdiedoutbecausetheycouldn’tadapt______________thesuddenchangeofclimate.39.Don’thesitate(犹豫)tocut_________theuselessinformationinyourpassage.40.Havingbeeninhospitalforsixmonths,hefelthimselfcut_________fromtheoutsideworld.41.Didhegive_________orkeepontrying?(用适当的副词填空)42.Heturned________mysuggestionandturned________thebusinesstohisdaughter.43.Ifyoulikethatmovie,youshouldcheck________thedirector'sotherfilms.（用适当的词填空）44.Iftheyvaluethesedata,youmakethempay________them.（用适当的词填空）45.It’sbeendryforsolongthattheforestcouldburst________flamesatanymoment.46.Weclaimedarefund（退款）fromtheassociation,buttheywouldnotpay________.47.Ifyoufollowthesestepsandtrytocommunicatewithyourparentsactively,soonyouwillbeabletobreak________thewallbetweenyouall.48.DarkcloudsweregatheringintheskiesoverEurope.Warwassoontobreak________.49.Theboytalkedloudlyinordertocatchtheteacher’s________（eye）.50.Theydidn’tevenpracticetoprepare________thegame.二、语法填空1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。GOINGPOSITIVEIalwayswantedtolookliketheslimgirlsonTVeventhoughIknewthatitwas___51___(possible).IworriedaboutmyweightandtriedeverynewdietIreadaboutonline.Itriedno-fat,low-fat,onlybananas,nobananas—Ialmost___52___(go)bananas,too.Iwasfeelingextremely___53___(annoy)whenIreadanarticle___54___saidinsteadofasking“AmIfat?”Ishouldbeasking“AmIfit?”Ihadnoideaalettercouldmakesuch___55___difference!OnceIstartedthinkingabout___56___(fit)ratherthanweight,thingsbegantochange.Insteadofsaying“Iwanttolosethreekilos”,Iwouldsay“Iwanttoruntwokilometresineightminutes”or“Iwanttobeabletodo30push-ups”.RatherthancuttingoutthefoodsIenjoyed,Iaddedhealthyfoods___57___mymeals.Icouldstillhaveaburgernow___58___then,butIwouldaddasaladoranapple.Finally,Istopped___59___(compare)myselfwithactressesandmodelsandlookingforthingsthatwerewrongwithmyfaceorbody.Instead,ImadealistofthethingsIlikedabout____60____(I).Bybeingpositiveaboutmybody,Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。Inmid-Septemberin2022,tohonorthe110thanniversaryofthebirthofnuclearphysicistWuChien-shiung,____61____globalonlineconferencewasheldtomarkthisanniversary.ComparedwithphysicistssuchasMarieCurie,WuisnotahouseholdnameinChinaorintheUnitedStates,____62____shewasoneofthemostinfluentialnuclearphysicistsofthe20thcentury.WuwasbornonMay31,1912,inLiuhetown,Taicang,____63____theYangtzeRiverflowsintotheEastSea.Wu’sfather,WuZhongyi,receivedamodern____64____(educate)inShanghai,andin1913,____65____(found)thefirstschoolforgirlsinTaicang.Heaimed____66____(break)theoldsexistadvocacythatitwaswomen’svirtuetohavenotalents.Thefather,absorbingthemeritsofWesternideaswhilebearingthegreatthoughtsrooteddeepinChinesecultureinmind,hadthemostprofoundinfluence____67____WuChien-shiung’slife.ShespentmostofherlifeintheUS,butalwaysworeqipao.Workinginthescientificworlddominatedbymen,shenevergaveuporloweredherstandardsevenif____68____(unequal)treated.Duringher44-yearcareerasanuclearphysicist,Wu’sgreat____69____(achievement)wonhernicknamessuchas“ChineseMadameCurie”.ShewasthefirstwomantobepresidentofAmericanPhysicalSociety,andthefirstfemalewinneroftheComstockPrizeinphysics____70____(give)bytheUSNationalAcademyofSciences.3It’sinterestingwhenyouthinkabouthowJapanisanation____71____appreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners,andyetwhenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbe____72____(loud)intheworld.Accordingtolifestylewebsitegrapee.jp,slurpingwheneatingnoodles____73____(encourage)inJapaneseculture.It’sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouth____74____enhancetheflavorofthenoodles,andthatithelpscooldownthenoodles.It’salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasn’tuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”,or“hu-hara”inJapanese-cameoutlastyearonsocialmedia____75____Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizethattheslurpingnoiseismakingsomeforeignvisitors____76____(comfortable).Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedaso-callednoise-cancelingforkearlierthisyear.Thefork,whichlookslikeanelectrictoothbrush,isconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforksendsasignaltotheperson’sphone,____77____(make)itplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.“Theforkisasolution____78____the‘noodleharassment’issue,particularlyasthenumberoftouristsvisitingJapanincreases,”saidthecompany,accordingtoEuroNews.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsdovary.Whatisconsideredtobepropertablemannersinonecountryislikelytobeseenasrudeinanother.InIndia,forexample,peopleeatwiththeirhands____79____theythinkinthiswaytheybuildaconnectionwiththefood.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithutensils(餐具)mightfindituncomfortabletogettheirhands_____80_____(cover)withoilandbitsoffood.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia’sculture,justlikeJapan’sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,whetherthat’sramen,udon,orsoba,pleaseslurp,”wrotethereporterBrianAshcraftonblogKotaku.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,paythemnomindbecausethey’remissingthepointentirely.”4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InEnglish,thereisapopularsaying—Allgoodthingsmustcometo____81____end.This,however,mightnotalwaysbetrue.ForthesixfriendsinFriends,the“goodthings”—the____82____(friend)betweenthemhaveneverreallyended.Perhapsyouhaven’tseenFriends.TheTVseriestellsthestoryofsixyoungpeople,Rachel,Ross,Monica,Chandler,PhoebeandJoey____83____cametoNewYorkCitytofindlove,successandfun.Eachofthemhadadifferent____84____(personal).However,theywereabletoputtheirdifferencesasideandbecamegoodfriends.Seventeenyears____85____(pass)sincethelastepisodeofFriendswason.Fanshavebeenlookingforwardto____86____(approach)thesixfriends’reuniononthescreen.Thatwishfinallycametrue.Aspecialepisode,Friends:TheReunion,wasbroadcast(播放)onlineonMay27.YourEnglishteacheronceprobablyadvisedyoutowatchFriends.Forsure,watchingtheserieswillhelpyoulearnEnglish.Butyoucanlearnalittle____87____(much)fromFriendsthantheothers.Onethingitcanteachusallishow____88____(gain)lastingfriendships.AsRacheloncesaid,“____89____(obvious),therewerenocellphonesbackinthe1990s.Itwasjustfriendssittingaround____90____chattingtogether.”Ifyouwanttohavelifelongfriends,don’tjustchatonline.Makesuretoalwaysbethere—foryourfriends!5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(秧苗)onboardtheTiangongspacestationandthisexperimentshowsushowastronautscangrowfoodtosupportlong-termspacemissions.___91___therehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,theonebeingconductedonTiangongisthefirstof__92__(it)kind.Theaimistoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant.Itbeginswithaseedandendswithamatureplant_93_(produce)newseeds.Now,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereacheda___94___(high)ofabout30cm.China’sWentianspacelab,_95_(launch)onJuly24,dockedwiththeChinesespacestation’sTianhecoremoduleonedaylater.Thespacelab,which_96_(weigh)23tonsandis17.9meterstall,isthecountry’slargestand___97___(heavy)spacecrafttodate.Onboardareeightexperimentalpayloads,includingtheoneforthericeexperiment.Rice___98___(be)astaplefoodforastronautssincetheearlydaysofspaceexploration.USastronautsonboardtheApollo11mission,_____99_____werethefirsthumanstolandonthemooninJuly1969,atefreeze-driedchickenandriceduringtheirtrip_____100_____space.IfwewanttolandonandexploreMars,wehavetofindasustainablefoodsourceforlong-termspaceexplorations.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asyouhavenoticed,youandafisharedifferent.Eyelids(眼睑),forexample.Evensleepisadifferencebetweenyou____101____afish.Asfarasscientistscantell,eventhoughit’shard____102____(study)thebrainsoffish,fishdosleepin____103____way.Theyatleastrestattimes,withaslowdownoftheirbody“machinery”.Andthatismuchlikesleep.Forfishbrainstorelax,eyelidsmaynot____104____(need).Somefishlienearthebottomortopoftheseaorlakeatnight.Othershide____105____(them)inthesandorproduceacoveringas____106____(protect)againstpredators(捕食者)whiletheirdefense(防御者)aresleeping.Andsharks—eventhekinds____107____continuallyswim—stillhaveperiodsofrestinbetweenperiodsofactivity.Fishdon’thaveeyelidsorneedthem.Eyelidshelpus____108____(human)bykeepingoureyesfrom____109____(get)dry,amongotherthings.Butdryeyesare_____110_____(probable)notaproblemforanimalslivinginwater.7阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。HanJingisaseniorhighschoolstudentnow.___111___thefirstday,shefeltasenseof___112___(anxious)andwasnotsureifshecouldmakeagoodfirstimpression.Herfirstmathclasswasverydifficult,but___113___teacher,kindandfriendly,toldthemafunnystory,___114___(make)thestudentslaugh.Thatafternoon,theywenttothesciencelab___115___(do)experiments.However,aguytriedtotalktoherthewholetime,___116___madeherunabletocarryouttheexperiment.Thatwasso___117___(annoy)thatsheevenwantedtotellhimtoleave___118___(she)alone.Afterthefirstday,HanJinghadadifferentopinionaboutthelifeatseniorhigh.Shedidn’tfeelawkward___119___frightenedatall.Thoughshemissedherformerfriends,shebelievedshe____120____(make)newones.Shefeltmuchmoreconfidentthanthatmorningandeventhoughtthenextdaywouldbeagreatday.8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheStatueofLiberty,____121____internationally-knownsymboloffreedomthat____122____(complete)in1886,iscertainlyanimpressivestructure.Thestatueisofawoman____123____iswearinglong,flowingrobes.Onherhead,shehasacrownofsevenspikesthatrepresenttheseven____124____(ocean)andthesevencontinents.Thestatue____125____(weigh)450,000poundsandis152feethigh.____126____,thestatueappearsmuchlargerbecauseitstandsonapedestalthatisabout150feethigh.Inherraisedrighthand,thewomanholdsa12-metertorch,whichstandsforlightandfreedom.Inherlefthand,she____127____(carry)atablet(书板)withthedate“July4,1776”,whichisthebirthdayofthecountry,written____128____itscover.Atherfeetlie____129____(break)chains,whichsymbolizeanescapetofreedom.TheStatueofLibertyisan____130____(amaze)monument.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ididn’tsleepwellforseveraldays,worryingaboutthewildfiresinseveralpartsofChongqing,myhometown.LikemostpeoplefromChongqing,IfeltImusthelpstopthefiresspreading,especiallyafterIsmeltheavysmokeinmyhouse____131____theeveningofAug.21.Thesmokewasbelievedtobefromawildfire____132____brokeoutinnearbyBananareaintheafternoonthatday.Thatnight,alargefire____133____(appear)inthemountainsinBeibeiarea,40kilometersfrommyhome.Clearly,thepowerfulfirewasgettingveryclose.Althoughforestfirefightingforcesfromthreeprovincesarrived,ourgovernmentneeded____134____(much)helpfromthepublic.Andvolunteers____135____(call)ontogotodifferentfiresitesaroundthecity.Manypeople____136____(glad)wenttoofferhelp.Manygaveawayallkindsofthingsneededforthefightagainstwildfires.Theytookthemtocollectionpoints,without____137____(give)theirnames.____138____(hundred)ofpeoplewithskillsandexperiencesignedupasvolunteers.Iasked____139____(I)whatIcouldhelpwith.Iamamiddle-agedwomanwithoutmuchstrength.Icannotrideamotoreycle,anddonothaveanymedicalskills.IdecidedtodoeverythingIcould____140____(help)thehard-workingvolunteers,whichincludedtakingthemcoldfruittea.10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Nowadays,ourclassrooms,neighborhoodsandcommunitiesbecome___141___(much)diverse(多样化的)thaneverbefore.Peoplefromdifferent___142___(country)andculturescontinuetospreadoutaroundtheworld.Differentskincolors,languages,physicalabilitiesandclothing___143___(be)someofthetypesofdiversitythatweexperienceeveryday.Howwerespondtothisdiversitywilldecidenotonlyourfutureasapersonbutalsoourfutureasasociety.AsMayaAngelousaid,“Indiversitythereisbeautyand___144___(strong)”.Tolerance(宽容)meansopennesstothedifferencesthatexistamongusall.Itmeansrespectingandlearningfromothers,___145___(value)ourdifferencesanddiscoveringwhatwehave___146___common.Theoppositeoftoleranceisclosed-mindedness.Arguments,fightsandwars___147___(cause)byclosed-mindednessfromtimetotime.Incontrast,humans___148___areopentodifferenceswillcreateamorepeacefulworldandhavebetteropportunitiesinlifewhetherthrougheducation,workorfriendships.Sohavingtolerancewillchangeourlifeforthebetter,andmaketheworld___149___betterplace.Differenceisofthespiritofhumansandweshouldlearn___150___(respect)it.参考答案一、1.put【解析】考查动词。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放进冷水里。结合句意此处make为使役动词，makesbdosth意为“使某人做某事，让某人做某事”。故填put。2.felt【解析】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。3.entitle【解析】考查动词。句意：这样做将使持票人有权无限制地免费停车。根据句意和提示词可知，空格处填提示词名词title“头衔”动词形式entitle“赋予权利”，作谓语，助动词will后用动词原形。故填entitle。4.was【解析】考查系动词。句意：中国近年来死亡人数最多的地震是2008年发生的7.9级地震，导致四川近9万人丧生。分析句子可知，空处是系动词，表示“是”；该地震发生在过去，故用一般过去时；由主语earthquake可知be用单数形式；故填was。5.up【解析】考查动词短语。句意：当你缝到这头时，把线系紧。根据句意可知，sewup意为“缝合，缝入”符合题意。故填up。6.forecast/forecasted【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：他自信地预测销售量将会大幅度提高，事实证明他是对的。confidently是副词，修饰空处的动词，根据英文提示，应填动词forecast；本处and连接两个独立的句子，由turnedouttoberight可知预测的事项已经发生，应用一般过去时；forecast的一般过去式是forecast或forecasted；故填forecast或forecasted。7.love【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以每个老师都应该是乐于助人和善良的。它能使孩子们喜欢你和你教的科目。此处为“make+宾语+省略to的不定式”结构，空处用动词原形作宾补，故填love。8.plant【解析】考查固定句式。句意：我将让园丁种些树。固定句式：havesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”，所以此处用动词原形plant，在句中作宾补，故填plant。9.enlarge【解析】考查动词。句意：我们最好把两个小房间之间打通，把阅览室扩大。hadbetterdosth.意为“最好做某事”，后接动词原形，故空格处填动词；large，形容词；enlarge，动词，意为“扩大”。故填enlarge。10.announced【解析】考查动词和被动语态。句意：这个消息是由中央电视台播报的。根据句意及英文提示，空处应填表示“播报”的动词，即announce；news和announce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；故填announced。11.has【解析】考查动词。句意：他是男孩中唯一帮助过我的人。分析句子可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，指代先行词theboys，而先行词前有theonly修饰，故空处应用动词的第三人称单数形式，此处时态为一般现在时，故应用has。故填has。12.measures【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意：我的新卧室尺寸是15英尺乘12英尺，对我来说足够大了。measure可作不及物动词，表示“量度为……”，没有被动语态，表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数，故填measures。13.

you

utilize

your【解析】考查动词和状语从句。句意：如果你正确地利用时间，你绝对能完美地完成任务。表示“你”用you；表示“利用”用utilize；表示“你的”用形容词性物主代词your；本句用一般现在时。故填①you；②utilize；③your。14.arrested【解析】考查非谓语动词，句意：如果你不交税，他们会把你逮捕的，因为交税是每个人的义务。本句的谓语为have，此处考查动词短语“havesb+补语”，have的宾语为you，arrest与you之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词arrested，作you的补语。故填arrested。15.

contains

include【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：看！盒子里有许多信，其中包括他的学生寄来的。分析句子结构可知，两个空在句中都作谓语，应用动词形式；结合句意及前面的look可知，此处表示现在发生的事，是对一般事实的陈述，故应一般现在时；第一空主语为thebox，单数形式，故谓语动词用单数形式；第二空作which引导的定语从句的谓语，应根据先行词的单复数确定其形式，先行词为letters，复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填contains和include。16.with【解析】考查固定短语。句意：她提出了一个增加销售额的新主意。固定短语comeupwith：提出。故填with。17.through【解析】考查介词、动词短语。句意：他的决心使他渡过了困难。此处考查动词短语carrysbthrough...，意为“帮助某人渡过难关”，设空处应用介词through。故填through。18.down【解析】考查动词短语。句意：有几个主要的原因为什么旧建筑应该被拆除和被新的建筑取代。根据“oldbuildings”和“replacedbynewones”可知，是旧建筑被拆除然后被新建筑取代，teardown是动词短语，意为“拆除”。故填down。19.hastaken【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我找不到我的钢笔了。谁把它拿走了？设空处在句中作谓语，需用动词；根据句意可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时have/hasdone，结合句子主语可知，应用单数形式。故填hastaken。20.worsened【解析】考查动词及动词时态。句意：我以为你说的话恶化了你们之间的关系。设空处在句中作从句谓语，应用动词；结合句意及提示词可知，此处应用worsen，时态为一般过去时。故填worsened。21.tastes【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这种烤肉是当地的超级食物，它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知，taste是谓语动词，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且taste是系动词，无被动式，故填tastes。22.down【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你想安全起见，就减少盐的摄入量。根据句意，cutdown为固定搭配，意为“削减，减少”。故填down。23.on/upon【解析】考查介词。句意：他很生气，拒绝对这个建议发表评论。此处考查动词短语commenton/upon，意为“对……评论”，后接宾语。设空处应填介词on/upon。故填on/upon。24.through【解析】考查介词。句意：很难想象人们将如何度过这个冬天。此处考查动词短语getthrough，意为“度过，熬过（困难时期等）”，在see后的宾语从句中作谓语，后接宾语thewinter。设空处应填介词through。故填through。25.takeadvantageof【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意此处缺少“利用”，英语表达是takeadvantageof,在句子中做want的宾语，应使用不定式，故填takeadvantageof。26.to【解析】考查固定短语。句意：如果你在旅行中碰到任何困难，你可以向我求助。turnto是固定短语，表示“向某人求助”。故填to。27.up【解析】考查固定用法。句意：你应该在约定的时间出现在现场。turnup为固定搭配，意为“出现”。故填up。28.

adjustable

adjust

adjustment【解析】考查形容词，动词和名词。句意：飞机上的座位是可以调节的，你可以把它们调整到一定角度，调整起来不并不难。第一空用形容词作表语，故填adjustable，第二空作谓语用动词，故填adjust，第三空用名词作宾语，故填adjustment。29.a【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：与其说给人面包有帮助，不如说是教他如何谋生。此处为固定搭配“makealiving”谋生的意思。故填a。30.polished【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：鲍勃写了一首关于蝴蝶的诗，在出版前他把它润色了一下。分析句子结构可知，所设空处作宾语补足语，该句使用了“have+宾语+宾补”结构，该句中，宾语it与所给提示词polish之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作宾补，故填polished。31.