2025年英语专业四级阅读理解词汇记忆与理解训练试卷词汇掌握

2025年英语专业四级阅读理解词汇记忆与理解训练试卷，词汇掌握考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensiondirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneThedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofreading,transformingboththecontentconsumedandthemannerinwhichitisconsumed.Whilesomelamentthedeclineofdeepengagementwithtexts,arguingthattheeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticlesandtheconstantbarrageofnotificationshavediminishedconcentrationspans,otherspositthatdigitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandfosterednewformsofinteractiveandcollaborativereading.Thelatterperspectivesuggeststhattheabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofknowledge,toannotatetextsdigitally,andtoengageinonlinediscussionsaboutliteratureandcurrenteventscanenrichthereadingexperienceinwayspreviouslyunimagined.However,thevery便利nessofdigitalreadingpresentsitsownsetofchallenges.Thesheervolumeofavailablecontentcanbeoverwhelming,leadingtosuperficialengagementratherthanprofoundunderstanding.Thetemptationtomultitask,switchingbetweentabsandapplications,furtherfragmentsattention,makingitdifficulttomaintainalinearnarrativethreadortofollowcomplexargumentscoherently.Moreover,thelackofphysicality—theabsenceofthetangibleweightandtextureofabook—maycontributetoadiminishedsenseofinvestmentinthereadingmaterial.Thiscanleadtoacycleoffleetinginterestratherthanthesustainedfocusrequiredfortrulycriticalanalysis.Criticsalsoworryaboutthepotentialerosionofvocabularyandcriticalthinkingskillsduetotherelianceonalgorithmsthatcuratecontentbasedonuserpreferences.Whilethispersonalizationcancreateacomfortablereadingenvironment,itmayalsolimitexposuretodiverseperspectivesandencourageintellectualcomplacency.Theeasewithwhichinformationcanbeobtainedwithout深入explorationmightfosteramoresuperficialgraspofsubjects,whereunderstandingisequatedwiththemereaccumulationoffactsratherthantherigorousexaminationofideas.Despitetheseconcerns,theintegrationofdigitaltoolsintothereadingprocessoffersundeniableadvantages.E-readers,forinstance,allowreaderstoadjustfontsizeandbackgroundlighting,makingtextsmoreaccessibletothosewithvisualimpairmentsorreadingdifficulties.Theabilitytohighlightpassages,takenotes,andorganizedigitallibrariesprovidespowerfultoolsforstudyandresearch.Furthermore,digitalplatformshavemadereadingmoresocial,enablingreaderstoconnectwithothersglobally,shareinsights,andparticipateinonlinebookclubsandforums.Thiscollaborativeaspectofdigitalreadingcandeepencomprehensionandfosteragreaterappreciationforcomplextexts.Inconclusion,theimpactofdigitaltechnologyonreadingismultifaceted,presentingbothopportunitiesforenhancementandchallengestotraditionalmodesofengagement.Navigatingthisnewlandscaperequiresaconsciousefforttobalancethe便利nessandaccessibilityofdigitaltoolswiththedepthandfocusnecessaryformeaningfulliteraryandintellectualexploration.Thefutureofreadingmaylienotinchoosingbetweendigitalandprint,butinharnessingthestrengthsofeachtocultivatearicher,moreinformedreadingculture.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainargumentsagainstdigitalreading?2.Whatproblemdoesthepassagesuggestarisesfromthevastamountofcontentavailableonline?3.Theword"complacency"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)CuriosityB)OverconfidenceC)MotivationD)Boredom4.Whatadvantageofdigitalreadingdoestheauthormentionthatbenefitsreaderswithspecificneeds?5.Whatistheauthor'sfinalsuggestionregardingthefutureofreading?PassageTwoLanguageisnotmerelyatoolforcommunication;itisadynamicreflectionofculturalidentityandsocial变迁.Associetiesevolve,sotoodotheirlanguages,incorporatingnewwords,phrases,andexpressionsthatencapsulatecontemporaryexperiencesandvalues.Thislinguisticevolutionisparticularlyevidentinurbancenters,wherediversepopulationsinteractandexchangeideas,creatingafertilegroundfortheemergenceofneologismsandthetransformationofexistingvocabulary.Fromslangtermsthatcirculateamongyouthsubculturestojargonspecifictoprofessionalfields,languageconstantlyadaptstocapturethenuancesofhumanexperienceinachangingworld.Theinfluenceofglobalizationhasfurtheracceleratedthisprocessoflinguisticchange.ThespreadofEnglishacrosstheglobehasledtothephenomenonof"glocalization,"whereEnglishvocabularyandexpressionsareadoptedandadaptedintolocallanguages,sometimescreatinghybridformsthatblendlinguisticfeaturesfromdifferentcultures.ThiscanbeseeninthewidespreaduseofEnglishloanwordsinlanguageslikeMandarin,Spanish,andArabic,oftenwithnuancesthatdifferfromtheiroriginalmeanings.Whilethislinguisticborrowingcanfacilitatecross-culturalcommunication,italsoraisesquestionsaboutlinguisticpurityandthepotentialerosionofindigenouslinguistictraditions.However,therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturalidentityiscomplexandoftenfraughtwithtension.Languageisfrequentlyusedasamarkerofbelongingandresistance,particularlyincontextswhereminoritygroupsseektopreservetheiruniqueculturalheritageinthefaceofdominantlinguisticnorms.Therevitalizationofindigenouslanguages,forexample,isoftenseenasacrucialstepinmaintainingculturaldiversityandfostering民族pride.Languagepoliciesandeducationinitiativesaimedatpromotingtheselanguagescanplayasignificantroleinreversingthedeclineoflinguisticdiversityandensuringthatminorityvoicesareheard.Furthermore,thedigitalagehasintroducednewchallengesandopportunitiesforlanguageevolution.Onlinecommunicationplatforms,socialmedia,andinstantmessaginghavecreatednewlinguisticlandscapescharacterizedbybrevity,informality,andtheuseofemojisandmemes.Thesedigitalformsofcommunicationhavegivenrisetonewformsofexpressionthatarerapidlygainingpopularity,sometimesblurringthelinesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguage.Whilesomearguethatthisdigitallinguisticevolutionthreatenstheintegrityoftraditionallanguages,otherssuggestthatitrepresentsanaturalanddynamicadaptationtonewmodesofhumaninteraction.Inessence,languageisaliving,breathingentitythatreflectsandshapeshumansociety.Itsconstantevolutionisatestamenttothecreativityandadaptabilityofhumanbeings.Whiletheforcesofglobalizationanddigitalcommunicationpresentchallengestolinguisticdiversity,theyalsooffernewopportunitiesforculturalexchangeandthecreationofhybridlinguisticforms.Thefutureoflanguagewilllikelybecharacterizedbyacontinuedinterplaybetweentraditionandinnovation,asspeakersaroundtheworldnavigatethecomplexitiesofarapidlychanginglinguisticlandscape.Questions:6.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?7.Theword"neologisms"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)OldwordsB)ForeignwordsC)NewwordsD)Formalwords8.Whatis"glocalization"asmentionedinthepassage?9.Whyareeffortsmadetorevitalizeindigenouslanguages?10.Whatimpacthasthedigitalagehadonlanguageevolutionaccordingtothepassage?PassageThreeSustainabledevelopmenthasemergedasacornerstoneofcontemporaryenvironmentalpolicy,representingaholisticapproachtomeetinghumanneedswhilepreservingtheplanet'snaturalresourcesforfuturegenerations.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentseekstobalanceeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection,recognizingthatthesethreepillarsareinterconnectedandmutuallydependent.Achievingthisbalanceisnoeasytask,however,asitrequiressignificantshiftsintraditionalmodelsofproductionandconsumptionthathavelongbeencharacterizedbyresourcedepletionandenvironmentaldegradation.Thepursuitofsustainabledevelopmentisdrivenbyagrowingawarenessoftheurgentenvironmentalchallengesfacingtheplanet.Climatechange,deforestation,biodiversityloss,andpollutionarejustafewexamplesoftheconsequencesofunsustainablepractices.Theseissuesnotonlythreatenthenaturalworldbutalsohaveprofoundimplicationsforhumanhealth,economicstability,andsocialwell-being.Sustainabledevelopmentaimstoaddressthesechallengesbypromotingpracticesthatareenvironmentallysound,sociallyinclusive,andeconomicallyviable.Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentisthereductionofcarbonemissionsandthetransitiontorenewableenergysources.Theburningoffossilfuelsforenergyproductionandtransportationisamajorcontributortoclimatechange,andshiftingtowardscleanerenergyalternativesisessentialformitigatingitsimpacts.Thistransitionrequiressignificantinvestmentinrenewableenergyinfrastructure,suchassolarpanels,windturbines,andhydroelectricdams,aswellasthedevelopmentofmoreenergy-efficienttechnologiesandpractices.Anothercriticalaspectofsustainabledevelopmentistheconservationandsustainablemanagementofnaturalresources.Thisincludesprotectingforests,oceans,andotherecosystemsthatprovideessentialservices,suchascleanairandwater,soilfertility,andclimateregulation.Sustainableresourcemanagementalsoinvolvesadoptingpracticesthatminimizewasteandpollution,suchasrecycling,reuse,andtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.Socialequityisalsoafundamentalcomponentofsustainabledevelopment.Thisinvolvesensuringthatthebenefitsofdevelopmentaresharedequitablyamongallmembersofsociety,andthatnooneisleftbehind.Thisrequiresaddressingissuessuchaspoverty,inequality,andsocialexclusion,andcreatingpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivegrowthandempowermarginalizedcommunities.Despitethechallenges,progresstowardssustainabledevelopmentisbeingmadeatlocal,national,andinternationallevels.Governments,businesses,andcivilsocietyorganizationsareincreasinglyrecognizingtheneedforafundamentalshifttowardsmoresustainablepractices.TheadoptionoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)in2015representsalandmarkagreementamongnationstoworktogethertowardsamoresustainablefuture.However,achievingthesegoalswillrequiresustainedeffort,innovation,andcollaborationacrossallsectorsofsociety.Inconclusion,sustainabledevelopmentoffersapromisingframeworkforaddressingthecomplexenvironmental,social,andeconomicchallengesofthe21stcentury.Byintegratingtheprinciplesofenvironmentalprotection,socialequity,andeconomicviability,sustainabledevelopmentaimstocreateamorejust,equitable,andresilientworldforfuturegenerations.Whilethepathforwardisfraughtwithchallenges,thegrowingmomentumforchangeprovidesreasonforoptimism.Questions:11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Theword"degradation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ImprovementB)DevelopmentC)DestructionD)Protection13.Whatisoneoftheprimarywaystoaddressclimatechangeaccordingtothepassage?14.Whyissocialequityconsideredanimportantpartofsustainabledevelopment?15.Whatinternationalagreementismentionedasasteptowardssustainabledevelopment?PassageFourTheconceptofmentalhealthhasundergoneasignificanttransformationinrecentdecades,movingfromthefringesofpublicdiscoursetothecenterofsocietalattention.Thisshiftreflectsagrowingrecognitionthatmentalhealthisanintegralcomponentofoverallwell-being,justasphysicalhealthis,andthatmentalhealthissueswarrantthesamelevelofconcernandsupportasphysicalillnesses.Thedestigmatizationofmentalillnesshasplayedacrucialroleinthisprocess,encouragingindividualstoseekhelpwithoutfearofjudgmentordiscrimination.Despitethisprogress,significantchallengesremaininaddressingmentalhealthissuesonaglobalscale.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),nearlyonebillionpeopleworldwidearelivingwithamentaldisorder,andmentalhealthconditionsareamongtheleadingcausesofdisabilityworldwide.Limitedaccesstomentalhealthservices,particularlyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,exacerbatesthiscrisis.Thelackofmentalhealthprofessionals,inadequatefundingformentalhealthprograms,andculturalbeliefsthatdiscourageseekinghelpallcontributetothebarriersthatpreventindividualsfromaccessingthecaretheyneed.TheCOVID-19pandemichasfurtherhighlightedtheimportanceofmentalhealthandthevulnerabilitiesthatexistwithinthementalhealthsystem.Thepandemichascausedwidespreadstress,anxiety,anddepression,asindividualshavefacedthechallengesofsocialisolation,economicuncertainty,andfearofillness.Thementalhealthimpactofthepandemichasbeenparticularlysevereforhealthcareworkers,frontlineemployees,andthosewhohavelostlovedones.Thepandemichasalsostrainedmentalhealthservices,withmanyprovidersstrugglingtokeepupwiththeincreaseddemandforcare.Fortunately,therearepromisingstrategiesforimprovingmentalhealthcareandpromotingmentalwell-being.Theseincludetheintegrationofmentalhealthservicesintoprimarycaresettings,theuseoftelemedicinetoincreaseaccesstomentalhealthservices,andthedevelopmentofcommunity-basedmentalhealthprograms.Preventionandearlyinterventionarealsocritical,particularlyforchildrenandadolescentswhoareatincreasedriskofdevelopingmentalhealthissues.School-basedmentalhealthprograms,mentalhealtheducation,andearlyscreeningcanhelpidentifyandaddressmentalhealthproblemsbeforetheybecomemoreserious.Theroleoftechnologyinmentalhealthcareisalsorapidlyevolving.Digitalhealthtechnologies,suchasmobileapps,onlinetherapyplatforms,andvirtualrealityexposuretherapy,areofferingnewandinnovativewaystosupportmentalhealth.Thesetechnologiescanprovideaccesstocareforindividualswholiveinremoteareasorhavemobilitylimitations,andtheycanofferaffordableandconfidentialmentalhealthsupport.However,itisimportanttoensurethatthesetechnologiesareusedethicallyandthattheyareaccessibletoallindividuals,regardlessoftheirsocioeconomicstatus.Inconclusion,thelandscapeofmentalhealthisundergoingaperiodofsignificantchange,withgrowingrecognitionoftheimportanceofmentalwell-beingandincreasedeffortstoaddressmentalhealthissues.Whilechallengesremain,particularlyintermsofaccesstocareandthereductionofstigma,therearepromisingstrategiesandtechnologiesthatcanhelpimprovementalhealthoutcomes.Bycontinuingtoprioritizementalhealthandinvestininnovativesolutions,societiescancreateafuturewherementalhealthistreatedwiththesameimportanceasphysicalhealth,andwhereeveryonehasaccesstothesupporttheyneedtothrive.Questions:16.Whathasbeenthechangeinthepublicperceptionofmentalhealth?17.Whatisonechallengementionedinthepassageregardingmentalhealthservices?18.HowhastheCOVID-19pandemicaffectedmentalhealth?19.Theword"vulnerabilities"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)StrengthsB)ResilienceC)WeaknessesD)Abilities20.Whatisonepotentialbenefitofusingtelemedicineformentalhealthcare?---试卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.B**解析思路：*题目问“根据文章，反对数字化阅读的主要论点是什么？”。第二段明确提到“一些人对深度参与文本的下降表示哀叹，认为超链接文章的便利性和持续不断的通知已经减少了注意力持续时间”，其中“theeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticles”对应选项B“快速浏览数字文章的便利性”。2.A**解析思路：*题目问“文章提到，由于在线内容的巨大数量，会出现什么问题？”。第二段提到“Thesheervolumeofavailablecontentcanbeoverwhelming,leadingtosuperficialengagementratherthanprofoundunderstanding”，即“可用内容的庞大数量可能是压倒性的，导致表面参与而不是深刻理解”，其中“overwhelming”对应选项A“令人不知所措”。3.B**解析思路：*题目问“第二段中的单词“complacency”在意思上最接近于什么？”。根据上下文“Thetemptationtomultitask,switchingbetweentabsandapplications,furtherfragmentsattention,makingitdifficulttomaintainalinearnarrativethreadortofollowcomplexargumentscoherently.Moreover,thelackofphysicality—theabsenceofthetangibleweightandtextureofabook—maycontributetoadiminishedsenseofinvestmentinthereadingmaterial.Thiscanleadtoacycleoffleetinginterestratherthanthesustainedfocusrequiredfortrulycriticalanalysis.”，可知“complacency”指的是因为缺乏物理性、缺乏投入而导致的“心不在焉”或“自满”，即对深度阅读缺乏动力和专注，对应选项B“自满”。4.A**解析思路：*题目问“作者提到了数字化阅读的一个优势，这个优势有利于有特定需求的读者？”。第四段提到“E-readers,forinstance,allowreaderstoadjustfontsizeandbackgroundlighting,makingtextsmoreaccessibletothosewithvisualimpairmentsorreadingdifficulties”，即“例如，电子阅读器允许读者调整字体大小和背景照明，使文本更容易被有视力障碍或阅读困难的人士访问”，对应选项A“视觉障碍者或阅读困难者”。5.D**解析思路：*题目问“作者最后关于阅读未来的建议是什么？”。最后一段提到“Inconclusion,theimpactofdigitaltechnologyonreadingismultifaceted...Navigatingthisnewlandscaperequiresaconsciousefforttobalancethe便利nessandaccessibilityofdigitaltoolswiththedepthandfocusnecessaryformeaningfulliteraryandintellectualexploration.Thefutureofreadingmaylienotinchoosingbetweendigitalandprint,butinharnessingthestrengthsofeachtocultivatearicher,moreinformedreadingculture.”，即未来阅读在于利用数字和印刷各自的优势，培养更丰富、更明智的阅读文化，对应选项D“利用数字和印刷各自的优势来培养更丰富、更明智的阅读文化”。6.A**解析思路：*题目问“文章认为语言与文化的关系是什么？”。第一段提到“Thedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofreading,transformingboththecontentconsumedandthemannerinwhichitisconsumed.Whilesomelamentthedeclineofdeepengagementwithtexts,arguingthattheeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticlesandtheconstantbarrageofnotificationshavediminishedconcentrationspans,otherspositthatdigitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandfosterednewformsofinteractiveandcollaborativereading.Thelatterperspectivesuggeststhattheabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofknowledge,toannotatetextsdigitally,andtoengageinonlinediscussionsaboutliteratureandcurrenteventscanenrichthereadingexperienceinwayspreviouslyunimagined.”，即语言是文化身份的动态反映，文化变迁会影响语言，对应选项A“语言是文化身份的动态反映”。7.C**解析思路：*题目问“第一段中的单词“neologisms”在意思上最接近于什么？”。根据上下文“Thedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofreading,transformingboththecontentconsumedandthemannerinwhichitisconsumed.Whilesomelamentthedeclineofdeepengagementwithtexts,arguingthattheeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticlesandtheconstantbarrageofnotificationshavediminishedconcentrationspans,otherspositthatdigitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandfosterednewformsofinteractiveandcollaborativereading.Thelatterperspectivesuggeststhattheabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofknowledge,toannotatetextsdigitally,andtoengageinonlinediscussionsaboutliteratureandcurrenteventscanenrichthereadingexperienceinwayspreviouslyunimagined.”，可知“neologisms”指的是数字化平台催生的新词汇，对应选项C“新词”。8.C**解析思路：*题目问“文章中提到的“glocalization”是什么？”。根据上下文“Theinfluenceofglobalizationhasfurtheracceleratedthisprocessoflinguisticchange.ThespreadofEnglishacrosstheglobehasledtothephenomenonof'glocalization',whereEnglishvocabularyandexpressionsareadoptedandadaptedintolocallanguages,sometimescreatinghybridformsthatblendlinguisticfeaturesfromdifferentcultures.ThiscanbeseeninthewidespreaduseofEnglishloanwordsinlanguageslikeMandarin,Spanish,andArabic,oftenwithnuancesthatdifferfromtheiroriginalmeanings.”，可知“glocalization”指的是英语词汇和表达被采纳并适应到当地语言中，有时会创造混合形式，融合不同文化的语言特征，对应选项C“英语词汇和表达被采纳并适应到当地语言中”。9.C**解析思路：*题目问“为什么人们努力复兴土著语言？”。根据上下文“Languageisfrequentlyusedasamarkerofbelongingandresistance,particularlyincontextswhereminoritygroupsseektopreservetheiruniqueculturalheritageinthefaceofdominantlinguisticnorms.Therevitalizationofindigenouslanguages,forexample,isoftenseenasacrucialstepinmaintainingculturaldiversityandfostering民族pride.Languagepoliciesandeducationinitiativesaimedatpromotingtheselanguagescanplayasignificantroleinreversingthedeclineoflinguisticdiversityandensuringthatminorityvoicesareheard.”，可知复兴土著语言是为了维护文化多样性，培养民族自豪感，对应选项C“为了维护文化多样性和培养民族自豪感”。10.A**解析思路：*题目问“根据文章，数字时代对语言演变有什么影响？”。根据上下文“Thedigitalagehasintroducednewchallengesandopportunitiesforlanguageevolution.Onlinecommunicationplatforms,socialmedia,andinstantmessaginghavecreatednewlinguisticlandscapescharacterizedbybrevity,informality,andtheuseofemojisandmemes.Thesedigitalformsofcommunicationhavegivenrisetonewformsofexpressionthatarerapidlygainingpopularity,sometimesblurringthelinesbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguage.Whilesomearguethatthisdigitallinguisticevolutionthreatenstheintegrityoftraditionallanguages,otherssuggestthatitrepresentsanaturalanddynamicadaptationtonewmodesofhumaninteraction.”，可知数字时代创造了新的语言景观，特点是简洁、非正式，以及使用表情符号和表情包，催生了新的表达形式，对应选项A“创造了新的语言景观，特点是简洁、非正式，以及使用表情符号和表情包”。11.A**解析思路：*题目问“文章的主要思想是什么？”。根据文章首段“Thedigitalagehasirrevocablyalteredthelandscapeofreading,transformingboththecontentconsumedandthemannerinwhichitisconsumed.Whilesomelamentthedeclineofdeepengagementwithtexts,arguingthattheeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticlesandtheconstantbarrageofnotificationshavediminishedconcentrationspans,otherspositthatdigitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandfosterednewformsofinteractiveandcollaborativereading.Thelatterperspectivesuggeststhattheabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofknowledge,toannotatetextsdigitally,andtoengageinonlinediscussionsaboutliteratureandcurrenteventscanenrichthereadingexperienceinwayspreviouslyunimagined.”，可知文章主要思想是数字化阅读对阅读内容、方式和体验的变革，对应选项A“数字化阅读对阅读内容、方式和体验的变革”。12.C**解析思路：*题目问“第一段中的单词“degradation”在意思上最接近于什么？”。根据上下文“Whilesomelamentthedeclineofdeepengagementwithtexts,arguingthattheeaseofskimmingthroughhyperlinkedarticlesandtheconstantbarrageofnotificationshavediminishedconcentrationspans,otherspositthatdigitalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstoinformationandfosterednewformsofinteractiveandcollaborativereading.Thelatterperspectivesuggeststhattheabilitytoinstantlyaccessavastrepositoryofknowledge,toannotatetextsdigitally,andtoengageinonlinediscussionsaboutliteratureandcurrenteventscanenrichthereadingexperienceinwayspreviouslyunimagined.”，可知“degradation”指的是深度参与文本的下降，对应选项C“破坏”。13.A**解析思路：*题目问“根据文章，解决气候变化的其中一种主要方法是什么？”。根据上下文“Oneofthekeyprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentisthereductionofcarbonemissionsandthetransitiontorenewableenergysources.Theburningoffossilfuelsforenergyproductionandtransportationisamajorcontributortoclimatechange,andshiftingtowardscleanerenergyalternativesisessentialformitigatingitsimpacts.Thistransitionrequiressignificantinvestmentinrenewableenergyinfrastructure,suchassolarpanels,windturbines,andhydroelectricdams,aswellasthedevelopmentofmoreenergy-efficienttechnologiesandpractices.”，可知解决气候变化的主要方法是减少碳排放，转向清洁能源替代品，对应选项A“减少碳排放，转向清洁能源替代品”。14.B**解析思路：*题目问“为什么社会公平被认为是可持续发展的一个重要部分？”。根据上下文“Socialequityisalsoafundamentalcomponentofsustainabledevelopment.Thisinvolvesensuringthatthebenefitsofdevelopmentaresharedequitablyamongallmembersofsociety,andthatnooneisleftbehind.Thisrequiresaddressingissuessuchaspoverty,inequality,andsocialexclusion,andcreatingpoliciesthatpromoteinclusivegrowthandempowermarginalizedcommunities.”，可知社会公平是可持续发展的基础组成部分，因为它确保发展成果公平共享，不让任何人掉队，对应选项B“确保发展成果公平共享，不让任何人掉队”。15.D**解析思路：*题目问“文章中提到的国际协议是什么，作为可持续发展的一个步骤？”。根据上下文“TheadoptionoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)in2015representsalandmarkagreementamongnationstoworktogethertowardsamoresustainablefuture.”，可知提到的国际协议是2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs），对应选项D“2015年联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）”。16.A**解析思路：*题目问“公众对心理健康观念的变化是什么？”。根据上下文“Theconceptofmentalhealthhasundergoneasignificanttransformationinrecentdecades,movingfromthefringesofpublicdiscoursetothecenterofsocietalattention.Thisshiftreflectsagrowingrecognitionthatmentalhealthisanintegralcomponentofoverallwell-being,justasphysicalhealthis,andthatmentalhealthissueswarrantthesamelevelofconcernandsupportasphysicalillnesses.Thedestigmatizationofmentalillnesshasplayedacrucialroleinthisprocess,encouragingindividualstoseekhelpwithoutfearofjudgmentordiscrimination.”，可知心理健康观念的变化是从公众讨论的边缘转向中心，对应选项A“从公众讨论的边缘转向中心”。17.C**解析思路：*题目问“文章中提到的关于心理健康服务的一