高考英语一轮复习 题型组合练 选择性必修第三册　UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY(一)

选择性必修第三册UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGY(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene，ZhongZhongandHuaHua，usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates(灵长类)tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo(胚胎)splitting，thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast，theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus(原子核)withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod，knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer(SCNT)，cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming，whichhadn’tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still，theresearchprocessproveddifficult，andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed，justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers’pouringwaterontheideathattheteam’sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead，thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt，itwouldbefartooinefficient，fartoounsafe，anditisalsopointless.Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies，andthuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However，theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases；theyabsolutelyhavenointention，andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations，theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.1．WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?A．Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates.B．ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA.C．Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells.D．Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?A．Keepingahottopicofit. B．Attachingnoimportancetoit.C．Havingalowopinionofit. D．Addingsupportiveevidencetoit.3．Whatisthescientists’purposetoclonethesemonkeys?A．Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning.B．Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation.C．Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases.D．Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway.B．Newtechniquesseemtobepointless.C．Societywon’tagreetocloneanothermonkey.D．Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.B(★)Fewbusinessescanrunwithoutcomputers，givingkeyboardshortcutsanincredibleimportance.Schoolsviewtypingcoursesasnecessary.Butwhatarewegivingupashandwritinglosesitssignificance?Brainpower，accordingtoscience.ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityandtheUniversityofCaliforniaconductedaseriesofstudiestodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypedthem.Studyparticipantstooknotesonalectureusingoneofthetwomethodsandweretested30minutesafterthelecture，andagainaweeklater.Theresultsshowedbothtypesofnotetakersdidwellonthefirsttest.Thelonghandnotetakershadastrongergraspoftheoverallconcept.Studentswiththehandwrittennoteswerealsoabletobetterrememberandunderstandtheconceptofthelectureaweeklater，andweremoreopentounderstandingnewideas.AccordingtoPamMueller，leadauthorofthestudy，“Ourfindingssuggestevenwhenlaptopsareusedasintended，theymaystillbeharmingacademicperformance.”Partofthereasonisthatitwasfastertotakenotesonthelaptop，usingexactlythesamewordsmeanttheyweren’ttrulyengagedinthecontent.Butnotetakersusingpenandpapertendedtodigestthematerialbetterandcouldrephraseitintheirownwords.Althoughtypingnotesusingexactlythesamewordscanhelpinrecallingfactsintheshortterm，ittakesthefocusawayfromthemainpointsofthelesson.“Ironically，thefeaturethatmakestheirlaptopnotetakingsoattractive—theabilitytotakenotesmorequickly—waswhatweakenedlearning，”educationalpsychologistDr.KennethKiewratoldTheWallStreetJournal.Computersaren’tgoingawaysoon，butthatdoesn’tmeanpapernotebooksbecomeoutdated.Infact，itisbesttostartusingthematanearlyage.UniversityofIndianaresearcherscomparedbrainscansoffive-year-olds—somewhopracticedtheprintingletters，andsomewhojustlookedattheletters.Thosewhowroteoutthelettershadmoreenhancedandadult-likebrainactivity.5．Inthestudy，whatweretheparticipantsaskedtodo?A．Comparetypingandhandwriting.B．Takenotesbytypingorhandwritingandtaketests.C．Taketwotestsrightaftertakingnotesonthelecture.D．Takenotesusingexactlythesamewordsonthelecture.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“longhand”inparagraph3mean?A．Fast.B．Flexible.C．Typing.D．Handwriting.7．Whatcontributestobetterlearninginnote-taking?A．Usingtheexactwords. B．Introducingmoderntools.C．Writingasquicklyaspossible. D．Rephrasingthelearningmaterial.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TypingMattersinaWayB．APenIsBetterthanaKeyboardC．HandwritingBuildsYourBrainPowerD．HandwritingorTypingIsaQuestionCThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(极光)reallymakesounds.“Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld，”historianFionaAmerysaid.“InCanada，NorwayandRussia，theyareallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.”“Theaurorascanoccurhundredsofkilometersabovetheground，whichstrengthensopinionsthattheirsoundsarejustafalseimpression，”saidFiona.Manyscientistsarguedthataurorasweretoofarawaytohearandthatanysoundwouldtakeseveralminutestoreachtheground，soitwasimpossibleforthemtochangeintimewiththeauroras.However，otherscientistswereconvincedthattheNorthernLightsreallymadesounds.Inthe1920s，CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur：Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater，Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.In2012，anexpertnamedUntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.In2016，heannouncedthemechanismthatmakesthesounds：aninversionlayer(逆温层)ofcoldairintheatmospherethatcanformbelowanauroraandashortdistanceabovethegroundincalmweather.Untoarguesthatvisiblechangesintheauroracausechangesintheinversionlayer，causingaccumulatedelectricitytodischargeassparks(火花)thatcreatesoundsthatcanbeheard.Thatexplainshowthesoundscorrespondwiththeaurora’svisiblemovements—theybegintohappenintheinversionlayeronlyabout75metersabovetheobserver.9．WhatistheprimarysubjectofFiona’sstatementinparagraph2?A．TheexistenceofthesoundsoftheNorthernLights.B．TheneedtomakefulluseoftheNorthernLights.C．TheproblemscausedbytheNorthernLights.D．ThecauseoftheNorthernLights.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutClarence’ssuggestioninthe1920s?A．Itmatchedalotofoldideas. B．Itwaswellrecognizedthen.C．Itmightbeofgreatvalue. D．Itwasatotalfailure.11．Howdoestheauthorconveyhisideainthetext?A．Bylistingresearchnumbers. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byprovidingexplanations. D．Bygivingexamples.12．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．CanWeEnjoytheNorthernLights?B．DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?C．WhyShouldWeStudytheNorthernLights?D．HowDotheNorthernLightsComeintoBeing?Ⅱ.七选五Desertification，theprocessbywhichfertile(肥沃的)landbecomesdesert，hassevereimpactsonfoodproductionandisworsenedbyclimatechange.1Africa’sGreatGreenWallisaprojecttobuildan8,000-kilometre-longforestacross11ofthecontinent’scountries.TheprojectismeanttocontainthegrowingSaharaDesertandfightclimatechange.2Theyincludelimitedpoliticalsupport，lackofmoney，weakorganizationalstructures，andnotenoughconsiderationfortheenvironment.Just4millionhectares(公顷)oflandhavebeenturnedintoforestsinceworkontheGreenWallbegan15yearsago.3Firstproposedin2005，theprojectaimstoplantaforestfromSenegalontheAtlanticOceaninwesternAfricatoEritrea，EthiopiaandDjiboutiintheeast.4Itcouldalsoreducelevelsofclimate-relatedmigrationintheareaandcapturehundredsofmillionso