高考英语一轮复习 题型组合练 选择性必修第四册　UNIT 12　INNOVATION(一)

选择性必修第四册UNIT12INNOVATION(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)(2022·全国乙，C)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear？Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.3．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysBTimothywasexhaustedforheworkedextendedhours.Althoughearningalowwageandhandlingill-manneredcustomers，healwaysputservingthosewhosatathistableswellonthefrontburnerofhismind.Hewentabouthisdailydutiescarefully，puttingonasmilingfaceascustomerscomplainedaboutthefoodorquestionedthebill.Usuallyasnightdeepenedpreparingtoclosethebusiness，hewouldnoticeacoupleofcustomerswalkin，sitdownandorderdrinks.Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime，butTimothystayedtoserve.Eventually，thelastroundwasorderedandhegavethemthebill.Theminimumtipwassuggestedonthereceipt.“Tomorrowwillbebetter，”hemurmured.Butluckwouldn’talwayssmileonhim.Eveningapproaching，agroupofteenagerssteppedin.Thankfully，theywerepoliteandrespectful.Theircheerfulbehaviorbegantoaffecthim.Asalways，hedidhisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.Timedraggedonandtheyfinishedtheirdrinks.Heplacedthebillonthetable，accompaniedwithsomecandies.Thegroupplacedtheirnotesonthereceiptandleftsmiling.Whenhereturnedtoclearthetable，hewasastonished.Atipof$3wassittingthere，staringathim，buttheirtotalbillamountedto$100.He’dgoneaboveandbeyondtoservethem.Howcouldtheybesorude?Laterthatweek，hebattledtobrushofftheawkwardmemories.Hearrivedatworkandexpectedittobelikeanyotherday，buttherewassomethingleftonthedeskforhim，atwohandwrittenletterfromtheteenagerswith$18attached，inwhichtheyexplainedtheywereunawareofhowtotipappropriatelyduetoitbeingtheirfirsttimeinthisbar.Everythingsuddenlymadesense.Timothythumbedupwhattheydidwithabiggrinandhewassomovedbytheirgesturethatheuploadedapictureofthelettersharingtheiradmirableefforts.Thereactionwasmorethanpositive.5．WhatdidTimothyfocusoninhisjob?A．Gettingmoretips. B．Workinglongerhours.C．Providingbetterservice. D．Beinganicercolleague.6．Whatmadetheteenagersleaveatipof$3?A．Dissatisfactionwiththedrinks. B．Ignoranceofthetippingculture.C．GratefulnesstoTimothy. D．Misunderstandingofthebill.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTimothy?A．Patientandhumorous. B．Positiveanddevoted.C．Generousandtolerant. D．Ambitiousandcreative.8．Whatcanwelearnfromtheteenagers?A．Onegoodturndeservesanother.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Apologiesmakeforharmony. D．It’sgoodtomakethingsright.CAmazinglyfortheBritish，wholovequeues，thereisnoformalline-up.Thebarstaffareskilledatknowingwhoseturnitis.Youarepermittedtotrytoattractattention，buttherearerulesabouthowtodothis.Donotcallout，tapcoinsonthecounter，orwavelikeadrowningswimmer.Donotsighorrollyoureyes.Andwhateveryoudo，donotringthebellhangingbehindthecounter.Thisisusedbythelandlordtosignalclosingtime.Thekeythingistocatchthebarworkers’eyes.Youcouldalsoholdanemptyglassorsomemoney，butdonotwavethemabout.Doadoptanexpectant，hopeful，evenslightlyanxiousfacialexpression.Ifyoulooktoocomplacent，thebarstaffmayassumeyouarealreadybeingserved.Alwayssay“please”andtrytoavoidsomeoftheBritishbarstaff’sannoyance.Theydonotlikepeopletokeepotherswaitingwhiletheymakeuptheirminds.Theydon’tlikepeoplestandingagainstthebarwhentherearealotofcustomerswantingforservice.AndtheydonotlikepeoplewhowaituntiltheendoftheorderandaskforsuchdrinksasGuinnessStoutwhichtakeconsiderablylongertopourthanotherdrinks.OneDutchtouristwhospentsixmonthsvisiting800ofBritain’s61,000barsandinterviewing50barworkersandmorethan1,000customerssaid，“Ican’tunderstandhowtheBritishevermanagetobuythemselvesadrink.”Buttheydo，andifyoufollowthesetipsyoushouldbeabletodoso，too.Speakingoftips，youshouldneverofferthebarstaffcash.Thecorrectbehavioristoofferthemadrink.Barspridethemselvesontheirequalatmosphere.Atipincashwouldbeareminderoftheirservicerole.However，theofferofadrinkisafriendlygesture.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complacent”inparagraph1mean?A．Contented.B．Worried.C．Polite.D．Annoyed.10．Howshouldcustomersattractthebarstaff’sattention?A．Totapcoinsonthecounter.B．Toholdanemptyglassorsomemoney.C．Towavelikedrowningswimmers.D．Toringthebellhangingbehindthecounter.11．Whatdoesthewritersuggestpeopledoinbars?A．Correctbarstaff’smisbehaviors. B．Tipbarstaffincash.C．Offerpeoplepresentadrink. D．Helptomaintaintheequalatmosphere.12．Whichcolumnmightthepassagebetakenfrom?A．Health.B．Culture.C．Economy.D．Politics.Ⅱ.七选五(★)5Gmobiletechnologyhasofficiallybegunrollingoutacrosstheglobe，whichindicatesadynamicacceleration(加速)inourworldofconnectivity.Itpromotesoperationalcooperationtourismhasn’texperiencedbefore.1Thisisperceivedfromboththewaytheindustryoperatesandthesideofthetraveler.2It’sexpectedtoofferorganizationsawirelessnetworkthattransformsthewaypeopleandmachinesusedata.Unlikepreviousnetworkgenerations,5Gisnowbeingseenasnotjustaconsumerplatform，butaprimarycommunicationsplatformthatcanalsoprovidecloudconnectivityandedgeprocessingthatcanofferreal-timebusinessinsightsandautomatedresponses，andeventuallyintegratethebillionsofInternetofThings(物联网)devicesanddatathatareavailable.Astravelcompanieshavetransformedtheiroperationswithnewdigitalsystems，theirfocushasmovedfromthetechnologyitselftotheimprovedbusinessoutcomesandenhancedguestandpassengerexperiencesdrivenbythetechnology.3Withadva