【MOOC】《Green Chemistry》(四川大学)章节期末慕课答案

【答案】《GreenChemistry》(四川大学)章节期末慕课答案

有些题目顺序不一致，下载后按键盘ctrl+F进行搜索1stWeek.Chapter1Introduction1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblems1.Pleasechooseoneofthetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinvolvinginchemistry,stateitsstatusandthereason,andthensuggestyouropiniononhowtoalleviateorsolvetheseriousenvironmentalproblems.(NOTE:PleasewriteinEnglish.注意！请将作业线下完成，再以图片形式上传至此处，规范书写涉及的化学式、化学符号及数学公式，直接线上作答会有数据遗失及乱码的情况。)

答案：【Anyenvironmentalprobleminvolvinginchemistry.】2.StudentNumber(学号),StudentName(姓名),ClassNumber/Teacher’sname(课序号或者课程教师姓名).(Note:5points)

答案：【不写没分】2ndWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework11.StudentNumber(学号),StudentName(姓名),ClassNumber/Teacher’sname(课序号或者课程教师姓名).(Note:5points)

答案：【写全5分】2.Pleasestatebrieflythesimilarityandthedifferencebetweengreenchemistryandthetraditionalwayofenvironmentalprotection.(NOTE:PleasewriteinEnglish.注意！请将作业线下完成，再以图片形式上传至此处，规范书写涉及的化学式、化学符号及数学公式，直接线上作答会有数据遗失及乱码的情况。)

答案：【Analyzerationallythesimilarityandthedifferencebetweengreenchemistryandthetraditionalwaytotreatenvironmentalpollution.Ifonlyyougiveananswer,youcangetmorethan20points.】3rdWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry3rdWeek.Chapter2Homework21.Pleasegiveusanexampletoillustratethattheatomiceconomicreactionisanecessaryconditionfornopollution.

答案：【Refertothematerialsorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswer.Moremarkswillbeobtainedbygivingspecificchemicalequations,andIfonlyyougiveananswer,youcangetmorethan15points】2.SeethefollowingmethodforthepreparationofcyclohexaneoxideusingCH2Cl2or[Bmin]BF4(ionicliquid)assolvent.Pleasecalculateseparatelytheatomutilization(AU)andEfactorofRun1andRun2,andthenevaluatethepossibleinfluenceofreactionsolventonAUandEfactorofachemicalreaction.

答案：【4】3.Pleaseexplainbrieflytheconcept"Environmentalquotient(EQ)".

答案：【3】4.Pleaseexplainbrieflytheconcept"Environmentalfactor".

答案：【2】5.Pleaseexplaintheconcept"atomutilization".（Note:Herearefivequestions!Thisisthefirstone.Don'tforgetwriteyourname,classnumberandstudentnumber.PleaseunloadthepicturestofinishyourhomeworkandwriteinEnglish.）

答案：【1】4th.Week.Chapter2GreenChemistry4thWeek.Chapter2Homework31.What'sthechemicalessenceofbiodiesel?Canyougiveanexampleofeffectiveandenvironmentallybenigncatalystsandcatalyticprocessesforbiodieselproduction?(Note:Pleasewriteyourname,studentnumberandclass)

答案：【1）Essenceofbiodiesel:Avegetableoil-/animalfat-baseddieselfuelconsistingoflong-chainalkyl(methyl,ethyl,orpropyl)esters.2）RefertothetextbookorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswerJustgiveaspecificexampleandyoucanscoremorethan13points】5thWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry5thWeek.Chapter2Homework41.Pleasechooseausedcurrentlyorganicsyntheticrouteandreviewitusingtheprinciplesofgreenchemistry,thendesignanewgreenersyntheticroute.

答案：【RefertothematerialsorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswerJustgiveaspecificexampleandyoucanscoremorethan40points】2.Howtomakeachemicalreactiongreenerinareactionprocess?（note:pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.）

答案：【1】6thWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry6thWeek.Chapter2Homework51.Howtodesignsaferchemical?

答案：【Refertotextbookandvideocoursewareforanswers.】2.Pleasestatebrieflythe12principlesofgreenchemistry.(Pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.)

答案：【Refertotextbookandvideocoursewareforanswers】6thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1.多选题：Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:

选项：

A、Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat

B、Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling

C、Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture

D、Separationenergyrequirement

答案：【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat;Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling;Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture;Separationenergyrequirement】2.多选题：Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:

选项：

A、Hydrolysis

B、Deoxygenation

C、Condensation

D、Hydrogenation

答案：【Hydrolysis;Deoxygenation;Condensation;Hydrogenation】3.多选题：OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?

选项：

A、Kitchengarbage

B、Wastecookingoil

C、Agriculturalwastes

D、Microalgae

答案：【Kitchengarbage;Wastecookingoil;Agriculturalwastes;Microalgae】4.多选题：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:

选项：

A、Agriculturalwastes

B、Sawdust

C、Carbondioxide

D、Coal

答案：【Agriculturalwastes;Sawdust】5.多选题：Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:

选项：

A、Thepresenceofparallelreaction

B、Lowequilibriumconversion

C、Lowproductstereoselectivity

D、Difficultyinproductseparation

答案：【Thepresenceofparallelreaction;Lowequilibriumconversion;Lowproductstereoselectivity;Difficultyinproductseparation】6.多选题：Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:

选项：

A、Sonic

B、Microwaves

C、Solarenergy

D、Photoandotherradiation

答案：【Sonic;Microwaves;Solarenergy;Photoandotherradiation】7.多选题：Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?

选项：

A、Depletionofozonelayer

B、Photochemicalsmogandhaze

C、Acidrain

D、Globalwarming

答案：【Depletionofozonelayer;Photochemicalsmogandhaze;Acidrain;Globalwarming】8.单选题：Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】9.单选题：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】10.单选题：Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】11.单选题：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】12.单选题：Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】13.单选题：Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】14.单选题：Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要条件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】15.单选题：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】7thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals7thWeek.Chapter3Homework11.Pleaseexplainthemaincontentoftheinternalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicals.

答案：【RefertoPPT/lecture.】2.Pleaseexplainthemaincontentoftheexternalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicals.(Pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.)

答案：【2】8thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals8thWeek.Chapter3Homework21.Howtomodifythemolecularpropertiestoavoidtheabsorptionfromthegastrointestinaltract,thelungandtheskin?(Pleasereadthequestioncarefully!Writeyourname,studentnumberandclassnumber)

答案：【Consulttextbooks,videocoursewaretoanswerthequestion,andgivethespecifictips.】9thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals9thWeek.Chapter3Homework31.PleasedescribethedefinitionofStructure-ActivityRelationships(SARs)andDescriptors

答案：【3】2.Whatarethestructuralcharacteristicsoftypicalelectrophilicsubstances?Whatarethereactionstheyundergowithbiologicalnucleophiles?

答案：【2】10thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals10thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1.多选题：Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:

选项：

A、Volatility(挥发性)ormeltingpoint

B、Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability

C、Watersolubility

D、Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances

答案：【Volatility(挥发性)ormeltingpoint;Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability;Watersolubility;Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】2.多选题：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(预防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.

选项：

A、Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)

B、Toavoiddirecttoxicity

C、Tofacilitatetheuptakeofchemicalsbyorganisms

D、Tofacilitatebio-detoxication

答案：【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化);Toavoiddirecttoxicity;Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】3.多选题：Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?

选项：

A、Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisdesiredinthecaseofdrugs

B、Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs

C、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisundesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicals

D、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances

答案：【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs;Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】4.多选题：Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?

选项：

A、Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody

B、Tomakeiteasilyabsorbed

C、Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously

D、Tomakeitpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses

答案：【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody;Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】5.多选题：Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:

选项：

A、Absorption

B、Distribution

C、Mineralization

D、Catalysis

答案：【Absorption;Distribution】6.多选题：WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:

选项：

A、Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)

B、Watersolubility

C、Dissolutionconstant

D、Relativemolecularweight

答案：【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP);Watersolubility;Dissolutionconstant;Relativemolecularweight】7.多选题：Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare

选项：

A、Exposure

B、Bio-accumulation

C、Bio-availability

D、Intrinsictoxicity

答案：【Exposure;Bio-availability;Intrinsictoxicity】8.单选题：Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】9.单选题：Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】10.单选题：Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】11.单选题：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】12.单选题：ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】13.单选题：Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】14.单选题：Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP＜5.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】15.单选题：Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】10thWeek.Chapter3Homework41.Pleaselistsomeofthetypicalisosteres.

答案：【22】2.Langmuir’sisostericreplacement

答案：【22】11thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals11thWeek.Chapter4Homework11.Pleaselistthetypicalmolecularfeaturesgenerallyincreasebiodegradability.

答案：【222】2.Whatarethecharacteristicsofchemicalstructuresandphysicochemicalpropertiesofdegradablecompounds?

答案：【total5aspects】3.PleasediscussthefeasibilityoftheisostericreplacementofCwithSiandtheadvantagesofSisubstituentsbasedonthechemicalfeaturesofSiandC.

答案：【2】12thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals12thWeekChapter4Homework21.Howtodesignthesaferchemicalsfromtheviewofmolecularweightandmolecularsize?

答案：【3】2.Whatarethegeneralrulesforcharacterizingthetoxicityofchemicalsusingoctanol-waterpartitioncoefficientlogP?

答案：【logP】13thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals13thWeekChapter4Unittest1.多选题：Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:

选项：

A、Bio-activation

B、Rateofsolubilization

C、Enzymatichydrolysis

D、Microbialbioavailability

答案：【Rateofsolubilization;Microbialbioavailability】2.多选题：Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:

选项：

A、Halogensandchainbranching

B、Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis

C、Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains

D、Heterocyclicresidues

答案：【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis;Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】3.多选题：Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:

选项：

A、Thenumberofanionsshouldbelessthanthatofcations

B、Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)

C、Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons

D、Todecreasethediameterofthemolecule

答案：【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基);Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】4.多选题：Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:

选项：

A、Cationicsurfactants

B、Anionicsurfactants

C、Neutralsurfactants

D、Amphotericsurfactants

答案：【Cationicsurfactants;Anionicsurfactants;Neutralsurfactants;Amphotericsurfactants】5.多选题：FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:

选项：

A、PrimaryN＞SecondaryN＞TertiaryN

B、PrimaryN＜SecondaryN＜TertiaryN

C、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis

D、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,thelessacutethetoxicityis

答案：【PrimaryN＜SecondaryN＜TertiaryN;ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6.多选题：Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:

选项：

A、Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings

B、Heterocyclicresidues

C、Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups

D、Halogens

答案：【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings;Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】7.多选题：Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金属化酸性染料).

选项：

A、Al,Cr,orCo

B、Al,Cr,orZn

C、Cr,Co,orZn

D、Fe,Cu,orZn

答案：【Al,Cr,orCo;Al,Cr,orZn;Cr,Co,orZn】8.单选题：TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】9.单选题：Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】10.单选题：IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythanthemoleculeB.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】11.单选题：Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】12.单选题：DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有机氯杀虫剂),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】13.单选题：IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】14.单选题：Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】15.单选题：Muscarinicantagonistis(蝇覃碱拮抗剂)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】13thWeekChapter4Homework31.Pleasediscusstheclassificationoforganicdyesbasedonthegroupfeatureofdyes.Whatarethegeneralprinciplesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspecies?

答案：【4generalaspects】14thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry14thWeekChapter5Homework11.Whatarenewgreenoxidantscomparedwithtraditionalinorganicoxidants?Whataretheirfeatures?

答案：【5】2.Pleaseillustratethestructuralinfluenceofcatalystsonreactionselectivitybythealkylationofnaphthalenewithpropylene.

答案：【Anexampleincourseware】3.Whydowesayacatalystplayanimportantroleingreenchemistry?

答案：【Frompollutionandgreenchemistry】15thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry15thWeekChapter5Homework21.PleasestatethecharactersofSCFcomparedwithcommonfluid,andtheadvantagesofSCFusedasachemicalmedium.(charactersandadvantages)

答案：【2】2.Howtochangereactionsolventaccordingtotheviewpointofgreenchemistry?Andtheircharacters?

答案：【mainly5solventsystems】16thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry16thWeekChapter5-Unittest1.多选题：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,therebyleadingtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicaltransformation?

选项：

A、Ionicliquids

B、SupercriticalCO2

C、Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)

D、Subcriticalwater

答案：【Ionicliquids;SupercriticalCO2;Subcriticalwater】2.多选题：Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油炼制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,somegreenoxidantscouldbeusedinchemicalsynthesis.Thesegreenoxidantsinclude:

选项：

A、HNO3

B、O3

C、N2O

D、latticeoxygen

答案：【O3;N2O;latticeoxygen】3.多选题：Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?

选项：

A、Membranereactor

B、StaticMixers

C、Microreactors

D、Vacuumdistillation

答案：【Membranereactor;StaticMixers;Microreactors】4.多选题：Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:

选项：

A、Woodywastes

B、Microalgae

C、Wheat

D、Rice

答案：【Woodywastes;Microalgae】5.多选题：Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:

选项：

A、Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct

B、Promotethechemicalprocesses

C、Reduceenvironmentalpollutions

D、Activatenewstartingmaterials

答案：【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct;Promotethechemicalprocesses;Reduceenvironmentalpollutions;Activatenewstartingmaterials】6.多选题：WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:

选项：

A、H2O2

B、Latticeoxygen

C、N2O

D、O2

答案：【H2O2;Latticeoxygen;N2O;O2】7.多选题：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?

选项：

A、Water

B、SupercriticalCO2

C、Tetrahydrofuran(THF)

D、Deepeutectics(低共熔溶剂)

答案：【Water;SupercriticalCO2;Deepeutectics(低共熔溶剂)】8.单选题：Theaqueoussolubilityofachemicalonbiodegradabilitydoesnotinfluenceitsmicrobialbioavailability.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】9.单选题：Ionicliquidscanbeusedasgreensolventsbecausetheyexhibithighsolubilitytoawideoforganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompounds,areflammableandhavehighvaporpressure.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】10.单选题：Catalystscanimprovethereactionconditions,suchastemperature,pressureandenergyconsuming,andeliminatetheusageoftoxicreactionmedium.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】11.单选题：Insomecases,theuseofcatalystscaneliminatetheuseoftoxicreactionmediainchemicalsynthesis.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】12.单选题：Themembranereactorisaninstanceforprocessintensification,whichcombinesthefunctionsofchemicalreactionandseparationintoasinglereactor.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】13.单选题：Room-temperatureionicliquids(ILs)aregoodsolventsfordissolvingawiderangeoforganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompounds.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】14.单选题：SupercriticalCO2canbeusedasagreensolventbecausealloftheorganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompoundscouldbedissolvedinit.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】16thWeekChapter5Homework31.Whatisthereactivecatalyticdistillation?Pleasediscussitscharacters.

答案：【22】2.Whatisprocessintensification?Whatwayscanbeusedtorealizetheprocessintensification?

答案：【Refertotextbookandcourseware】ThethirdperiodfinalexamofGreenChemistryThethirdperiodfinalexamofGreenChemistry1.Withthedepletionoffossilenergyandenvironmentaldegradation,theuseofrenewableresourceshasbecomearesearchhotspotinrecentyears.Moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtotheefficientconversionandeffectiveutilizationofbiomassresources.Biomassrawmaterialshavecomplexcomponentsandneedtobeprocessedbeforebeingused.Infact,thestructuralheterogeneityandthepresenceofnetworksofinter-andintra-molecularinteractionsinbiopolymermatricesremainunsolvedchallengestocleanpretreatmentforbiocompositeprocessing.Thetraditionalbiomassdissolvingandpretreatingsystemincludesstrongalkalisystemandcopperammoniasolutionsystem.In2002,Rogersetal.[J.Am.Chem.Soc.2002,124,4974-4975]showedthattheionicliquid(IL)1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([BMIM]Cl)isapowerfulsolventforcellulose.InIL,cellulosecanbedegradedtosugars,whichcanfurtherbeconvertedinto5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),levulinicacid,formicacid,malicacid,gluconicacid,sorbitol,C12-alkane(themaincomponentoffuel),andsoon,throughdehydration,hydrolysis,oxidation,hydrogenationandotherreactions,asshowninFigure2.In2007,LiandZhao[Adv.Synth.Catal.,2007,349,1847-1850]reportedforthefirsttimeannovelmethodforcellulosehydrolysisin[BMIM]ClcatalyzedbyH2SO4withoutpretreatment.Withthismethod,hydrolysisproceededatarelativelylowertemperatureandunderatmosphericpressurewithreducedacidloadingandwithoutcompromisingtheproductyield.Next,Schüthetal.[Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2008,47,8047-8050]usedtheacidicresinAmberlyst15DRYcatalysttostudythedepolymerizationofcellulosein[BMIM]ClIL.TheyfoundthatsolidacidsarepowerfulcatalystsforthehydrolysisofcellulosedissolvedinanIL.Celluloseundergoesselectivedepolymerizationtoyieldcelluloseoligomers(cello-oligomers)withoutanysubstantialformationofsideproducts.Thecello-oligomersarereadilyseparatedbyadditionofwater.Interestingly,afterareactiontimeof5h,theisolatedcello-oligomersconsistedofapproximatelytenanhydroglucoseunits(AGU).Theamountofisolatedcellulosedecreasedduringthereactionfrom90%attheinitialtimeto48%after5h.Theseresultsarenotexpectedonthebasisoftheexperiencegainedforconventionaldilutedacidhydrolysisofcelluloseinaqueousslurries.Theeaseofcelluloseprocessingusingsolidcatalystscouldleadtonovelprocessoptionsandallowthelarge-scaleuseofcellulosedepolymerizationasthefirststepinbiorefineries.Questions:(1)Correlatetheabovecontentstosomeofthe12principlesofgreenchemistry？(6’)(2)Accordingtoyourknowledgelearnedingreenchemistry,pleasetrytocommentontheadvantagesoftheabove-mentionedcontentsfromtheviewpointsofstartingmaterials,solvents,catalysts,andsoon.(21’)

答案：【Thefourthquestion】2.Someopportunitiesforpollutionpreventionbymoleculardesignexistinindustry.Surfactantshavemanyusesasantistaticagents,dyelevelingagents,lubricants,etc.,andsubstantialvolumesofwastewaterthatmustbetreatedbeforebeingreleasearegeneratedintextileprocessing.SomesurfactantshavebeenthesubjectofnumerousPMNs(PMN:Premanufacturingnotice)atEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency).AnexamplefromEPA’sPMNprogramisagroupofalkylphosphatesurfactantssuchasisooctadecanolphosphatethatishydrolysable.ItsstructureisshowninthefollowingschemewhereMisthecounterion.Someexpertshavestronglyrecommendedthatphosphateinputstosurfacewatersbereducedsignificantlyintheinterestofenvironmentalprotection.Questions:(1)Pleasediscussthestructuralfeaturesofisooctadecanolphosphateandthepossibleconsequencesforenvironment,andsuggest2possiblereasonswhytheexpertssuggestedreducingsignificantlytheinputofphosphatetowater.(8’)(2)Pleasegive4possibleapproachestoreducethepotentialharmfulnessoftheabovephosphatetoaqueousspeciesbymolecularmodificationfromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry.(8’)

答案：【Thethirdquestion】3.Pyrethrinsareaclassofinsecticides.Thepyrethrinana