阅读理解说明文议论文-高考英语专项训练（含解析）

专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文

一、2022年高考真题

1.（2022年全国甲卷）Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohave

similarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwitha

nutinsideit.Iheclearfrontotthebcxhada"keyhole'Tnageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifterently

shaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillb?anotheryear

beforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmelrical（对称的）shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewill

needtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan4<alloccntricframeofrcfercnce^^.Inthe

experiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolfbrthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.

Wheretrialanderrorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin's

cockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similarI。twoyearold

babies.

Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotiyandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisual

clues（线索），oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperimenl?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.

25.Whichtaskcanhumanoneyearoldsmostlikelypleteaccordingtcthetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

26.Whatdoesthefollowuptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyarcsmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignalReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShapeSorters

体裁：说明文主题：人与自然——自然生态一生物与人的智力对比

【字数】237+130

【语篇导读】通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁的人类幼儿。

24.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Thoughnotknowniousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilful

attoolusewhilekeptinthecage.（虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子

里时就能熟练地使用工具）”以及“thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Inserting,

thecorrect“keys”wouldletoutthenut.（研究人员给了这些用5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正

确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来）”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。

25.【答案】C

［解析］细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanpularoundshapeinaroundholefromaroundone

yearofage（在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里）”结合选项，可知，

一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。

26.【答案】D

［解析］推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkout

whetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.（根

据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形

状）”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。

27.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段"Coffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnaiiveI。

Australasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumanIwoyearold.（科芬的风头鹦鹉是

一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似）”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状

的风头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:SkilfulShapeSortcrs（凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工）”符合文意，最适合作为

本文标题。故选D,

2.（2022年全国甲卷）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.

Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere——broadparks,superbbeaches,

andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

morningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewent

ourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,1toexplorethecity.

“I'llmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.

“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwi:hcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,andthey'renot

funtopilot.Butthat'sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sycncysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.t4SydncyisconfusedaboutitselR”she

said."Wccan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwe

aren'tgettinganybetteratresolving（解决）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.uManypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,“hetoldme.

“WhaipeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreeks

some3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveand

dynamismofayoungcountry.It'saprettyhardbinationtobeat.^^

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedto（heoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbeingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarcalreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamething

toinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracks

andswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandontime

performancewillbeimproved.CostswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefTicienl（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Ilis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervakieservicesforrailways,detecting

faultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforrail

don'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarcnowworkingonanewconcept;theraildronesofthefuture.They

willbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswith

advancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.Withtheirabilitytosee

ahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Tbeamprofitstorthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

【语篇导读】本文主要介绍无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性。

【答案及解析】

28.A【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?是什么让无

人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能？根据题干中的关键词theapplicationofdronestoraillines可还原到第二

段Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingto

inspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksand

switchingpoints.无人机己经被用于检查高压电线。他们可以做同样的事情来检杳铁路线和铁路基础设施的

其它重要方面，如铁轨的正确位置和换乘点可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线使无人机在铁路线上的

应用成为可能，故选A。

29.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20

billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairthe

railinfrastructure.据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员，经常在夜间

检查和维修铁路基础设施。可知画线句子意为：这包括巨大的维护成本节约和更好地保护铁路人员的安全，

故选C。

30.A【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?铁路无人机被预想有什么

功能？根据题干中的关键词areexpeced可找到第四段Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:therail

dronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.

VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.With

theirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前方的轨道上移动，并被编程能够

自动运行。带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机，在火车前面行驶，可以像副驾驶一样引导火车.

由于他们能够看到前方，他们可以预示出任何问题。可知，故选A。

干扰项分析

本试题误选答案为Bo考生会根据段中“Theywillbemovingon（hetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedto

runautonomously.”选择B项，理解句子可知能够自动运行的是无人机二不是火车。

31.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一句Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityof

railwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?一小群无人机能否保证铁

路的安全性和可靠性，同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？点名主旨，可知本文主要介绍无人机将

会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来，故选D。

4.（2022年全国乙卷）

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredictedit

wouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril.2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper

100ml.wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersare

consumingthreetimes（heremendeclevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,datacfthefirstsix

monthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalf（hisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheyear

endinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造

商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultof

manufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkspanicshavebeen

forcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugar

content.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingto

changeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,

asarcsmallpanicsmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingby

raisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthierea:inginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationto

haveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Tbprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkspaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesof（heirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milkbaseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashortsighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【语篇导读】本文主要介绍糖税的产生，在一些国家生效，以及它所带来的正面影响。

【答案及解析】

32.C【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?为什么要实行糖税？根据第二段First

announcedinApril,2016,（hetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,was

introducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.：该税种于2016年4月首次公布,适用于每100亳升含糖

量超过5克的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖症可知，A项为学校募集资金为正确。B项意为：为了提高

饮料的质量。

C项意为：为了保护儿童的健康。D项意为：为了鼓励教育方面的研究。故选A。

33.D［解析］细节理解题。本题询问Howdidsomedrinkspanicsrespondtothesugartax?一些饮料公司是

如何应对糖税的？根据笫四段Itcsaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscut

bymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.在这之前，商店里销售的软饮料有一半以上被制造商

降低了糖分，这样他们就可以避免交税。A项意为：他们转向海外市场。B项意为：他们提高了他们产品的

价格。C项意为：他们削减了生产。D项意为：他们减少了产品的含糖量。可知，A项符合题意。故选A。

34.D【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?糖税是从以下哪

项中征收的？根据五段Fruitjuices,milkbascddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarcfreeofthetax,asarcsmall

panicsmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.果汁、奶类饮料和大多数酒精饮料免征糖税，每年生产少

于100万升的小公司也是如此。可知，糖税是从大多数酒精饮料中征收的，故选D。

35.B［解析］推理判断题o本题询问Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?关于采用

糖税政策可以推断出什么？根据最后一段Today*sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthe

positiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施jandhealthier

eatinginschools.Helping（henextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andthe

industryisplayingitspari.据一位政府宜员说，今天的数字显示了糖税的积极影响，它为体育设施和学校的健

康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。帮助二一代拥有一个健康和活跃的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其

作用。可推断它是一个成功的例子，A项意为：这是一个目光短浅的决定。C项意为：它使制造商受益。

D项意为：它使顾客不高兴。故选B。

5.（2022年全国高考新高考I卷）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyear

studyshowsthatdictrclatcdchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarcnowfoundinhalftheworld's

languages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"F'

and"v",weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhy(his(rendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐)，makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseofand"v,'increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround3()(),()()()yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundswcusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwcfindtodayistheproductofa

plexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,'tsaidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivemunication.B.1（contributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisaplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrives（heevolutionofhumanbeings.

【语篇导读】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中出现了新的

语音。

第六段：这项研究推翻了普遍的观点所有的人类语音在大约30万年前人类进化时就已经存在。

32.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词DamianBlasi,定位到文章第二段最后一句Nowateamofresearchers

ledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（现在，由瑞

士苏黎世大学的达米安・布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的），根据

文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,

suchasand"v",weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfbods.（30多年前，学者Charles

Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“广和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。）”可知DamianBlasi

的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。

33.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词"ancienthumanadults”定位到第三段。根据“Theydiscoveredthatthe

upperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichare

formedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingit

easiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门才是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音

是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下领变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，

因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。选项中的“Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured”是

原文的“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned”以及“Later,ourjawschangedtoan

overbitestructure”的同义转换。故选C项。

34.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and"v"increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeople

today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千

年里，和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主

要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。

35.【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词"SlevenMoran”定位到文章最后一段。根据“"Theselofspeechsounds

weusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandcultural

evolution,MsaidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说：“自从人类出现

以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作

用的产物。可知，StevenMoran认为语音是•个复杂的动态系统。选项中的“plexanddynamicsystem”

是原文中的“ratherthehugev<uictyofspeechsoundsthatwcfindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthings

的同义转换。故选C项。

6.（2022年全国高考新高考II卷）

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetrieda

widerangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarcbehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarcstilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrising

sharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.0

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas.nhesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTcxtalyzcr.Itwouldwork

likethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskfbrthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzerto

checkintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,

emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shandsfreedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,“saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhandhelddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbeeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemore

afraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingirtheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

9.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHandHeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer

【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名

法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。

8.【答案】A

［解析］推理判断题。根据第"段中"Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,and

publicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhenthey

arebehind【hewheel."（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方

法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobe

getiingworse."（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的

方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective

意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。

9.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,

emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shandsfreedrivinglaws.”（这项技术可以确定司

机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Texlalyzer能够确定的是

司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与

此相符，故选B。

10.【答案】D

［解析】词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior."（我们需

要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If【heTextalyzer

billbeeslaw,hesaid,''peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."（他说，如果Textalyzer

法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzei•法案成为法律。

收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。

11.【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说

服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中叮hatispartlybecausepeoplearedriving

more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了

解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了

手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。

故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章

的标题。故选B。

7.（2022年全国高考新高考II卷）

Asweage,evenitwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasetticientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmost

peoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstart

evensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.In（hebeginning,itisflexible,bulputitinadrawerfor20yearsandi（willbeedryand

easilybroken,5,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.Thal'swhathappenstotheheart.

Fortunatelyfbrthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettingin

shapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvol