湖南省部分学校名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期9月英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省部分学校名校联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期9月英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteerwithPhillyFoodRescue(PFR)Inonehour,youcandosomethingtoreducefoodwasteandresourcelocalcommunity.DownloadthePhillyFoodRescueapptogetstarted.What’stheserviceopportunity?PFRisthesustainability,foodrecovery,anddonationsarmofShareFoodProgram.You’lluseyourowncar(orbike)torescueleftoverfoodfromagrocerystore,restaurant,orfarmers’market,deliveringittothematchednonprofittakers.Thoseincludeseniorcenters,shelters,schools,andmore.Youcanclaimaone-timeorweeklyfoodrescue.Whatdifferencedoesfoodrescuemake?PFRworkstoincreaseaccesstofreshfoodforourneighbors.Ourteamrecovershalfamillionpoundsoffoodeverymonththankstovolunteerslikeyou.Weresourcemorethan283partnersacrossPhiladelphia,itssuburbs,andSouthJersey,impactingfoodsecurityandsustainabilityeverydayoftheweek.What’srequired?●Ifdriving,adriver’slicenseandinsuranceareneeded.Forsmallerfoodrescues,abikemaydo.●Foodrescuevolunteersshouldbeabletoliftatleast30pounds.●Clearthetrunkandbackseattomakespaceforboxesorbagsoffood.●Completethefoodrescuewithinitsscheduledwindow.Additionalinformation:●PFRmatchesdonationswithinfivemilestokeepfoodlocal,honorvolunteers’time,andensurefoodsafety.●You’rewelcometobringafriendorchildasapassengertohelpwithloading,unloading,anddelivery.●Questions?AskBrittatbkorn@or(215)301-3734.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodo?A.Tocallonpeopletohelp.B.Toinformpeopleoffoodrescue.C.Tointroducewaysofvolunteering.D.Toentertainpeoplewithanewconcept.2.WhatdowelearnaboutPFRservice?A.ItdonatestoShareFoodProgram.B.Itcoversthenationalseniorcenters.C.Itsrescueshaveappointedreceivers.D.Itsaimistohelpthestoresormarkets.3.Whatisrequiredofeveryvolunteer?A.Medicalinsurance. B.Schedulingskills.C.Drivingexperience. D.Weightliftingpower.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个志愿者项目的相关信息。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“VolunteerwithPhillyFoodRescue(PFR)(在PFR做志愿者。)”可知，文章主要目的是呼吁人们做志愿者帮助别人。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据What’stheserviceopportunity?部分的“You’lluseyourowncar(orbike)torescueleftoverfoodfromagrocerystore,restaurant,orfarmers’market,deliveringittothematchednonprofittakers.(你将用自己的汽车(或自行车)从杂货店、餐馆或农贸市场救出剩余的食物，把它们送到匹配的非营利接受者那里。)”可知，它的救助已经指定了接收者。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据What’srequired?部分的“Foodrescuevolunteersshouldbeabletoliftatleast30pounds.(食物救援志愿者应该能举起至少30磅的东西。)”可知，每个志愿者需要有一定的举重力量。故选D。BInallthetimeI’vespentinChina,I’vehadmyshareofemotionalcrises.Ican’trememberwhichoneitwasinparticular,butIdorememberhowmyadopted“aunt”Lioncetookcareofme,tucking(塞被角)meupinanarmchairinherChengduapartment,bringingmeacupofgreentea,peelingandcuttingfruitforme,chattingaboutunrelatedmattersasshepreparedoneofherwonderfulSichuanesesuppers.LikemanyChinesepeople,particularlythoseoftheoldergeneration,shedidn’tshowherloveformebyhuggingorrequestingemotionaloutpourings,butthroughfoodandover-concern.Ittookmeawhiletobecomeusedtothiswayofexpressingaffection.AtfirstIfounditbrusqueandbossy:“Havesomeporridge!Drinksomesoup!Putonsomemoreclothes!”ButovertimeIcametounderstandwhatitmeant.Icanalwaystell,now,whensomeoneChineseisbecomingfondofmebecausetheystarttobecomeover-worriedaboutmyphysicalneeds,urgingmetoeatordrink,towrapupwarm,torest.Whenserious-facedchefbarksatmetohavesomemorebaoziforbreakfastorLipressesmetohaveanothermouthfulofherred-braisedpork,Iknowtheyareofferingmetheedibleequivalentofahug.FoodinChinacanmeanmanythings.Itisalsoartandcraftandmagic.Itistheslicesoffishthatfalllikesnowfromtheknifeofthechef,thesliversofmeatthatdanceintheshimmeringheatofthewok(炒菜锅),thegrainsofmilletorricethatswellinthesteamer.Itistheemploymentofarmiesofmicroorganismsintheclayvatofjiang(酱菜缸)orthewinejar,thecreatingofahundredflavorsinatinykitchen,thetransformationofnaturalrawmaterialsintonumerousforms.Itisfindingwaystogeneratedelightineverythingfromaduck’stonguetothepeelofanorange.Itisoneofthesupremeexpressionsofhumanwitandcreativity.Aboveall,itiswhatconnectsusandmakesushuman.4.Whydoesthewritermentionhermentaldistressatthebeginning?A.Tocomparethedifferenceintwocultures.B.TointroducehowChineseexpresstheirlove.C.Tohighlighthowfragilethewriterusedtobe.D.Toremindreadersofthewriter’shomesickness.5.Whichoffollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“brusque”?A.Abruptandsimple. B.Impoliteandbitter.C.Braveanddirect. D.Demandingandabusive.6.Howdoesthewriterdevelopparagraph3tofurtherexplainheridea?A.Bymakingcomparison. B.Byofferingmoreexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect. D.Byclassifyingcookingmethods.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveythroughthetext?A.Everyregionhasitsownspecialty. B.Foodisculture,andcultureisfood.C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo. D.Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文通过作者的经历说明食物即文化，文化即食物.【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“InallthetimeI’vespentinChina,I’vehadmyshareofemotionalcrises.(在中国度过的所有时间里，我都经历过情感危机)”及“LikemanyChinesepeople,particularlythoseoftheoldergeneration,shedidn’tshowherloveformebyhuggingorrequestingemotionaloutpourings,butthroughfoodandover-concern.(像许多中国人，尤其是老一辈的中国人一样，她没有通过拥抱或要求情感宣泄来表达对我的爱，而是通过食物和过度的关心来表达)”可推知，作者在开头提到自己的情感危机是为了引出中国人表达爱的方式，即通过食物和关心来表达情感。故选B项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Ittookmeawhiletobecomeusedtothiswayofexpressingaffection.(我花了一段时间才习惯这种表达感情的方式)”及下文“bossy(专横的)”和“Havesomeporridge!Drinksomesoup!Putonsomemoreclothes!(喝点粥吧！喝点汤！多穿点衣服！)”可知，起初作者觉得这种表达有些粗鲁而专横。由此可知，划线词与Abruptandsimple(唐突而简单)意思接近。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“FoodinChinacanmeanmanythings.Itisalsoartandcraftandmagic.Itistheslicesoffishthatfalllikesnowfromtheknifeofthechef,thesliversofmeatthatdanceintheshimmeringheatofthewok(炒菜锅),thegrainsofmilletorricethatswellinthesteamer.Itistheemploymentofarmiesofmicroorganismsintheclayvatofjiang(酱菜缸)orthewinejar,thecreatingofahundredflavorsinatinykitchen,thetransformationofnaturalrawmaterialsintonumerousforms.Itisfindingwaystogeneratedelightineverythingfromaduck’stonguetothepeelofanorange.Itisoneofthesupremeexpressionsofhumanwitandcreativity.(食物在中国意味着很多东西。它也是艺术、工艺和魔法。从厨师的刀锋上像雪一样落下的鱼片，在锅里闪闪发光的热中跳舞的肉片，在蒸笼里膨胀的小米或大米。它是在陶制的酱菜缸或酒缸中大量使用微生物，是在狭小的厨房里创造出一百种口味，是将天然原料转化为多种形式。从鸭子的舌头到橘子皮，它都在寻找让人愉悦的方法。它是人类智慧和创造力的最高表现之一)”可推知，作者通过提供更多的例来进一步解释她的观点。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“ButovertimeIcametounderstandwhatitmeant.Icanalwaystell,now,whensomeoneChineseisbecomingfondofmebecausetheystarttobecomeover-worriedaboutmyphysicalneeds,urgingmetoeatordrink,towrapupwarm,torest.Whenserious-facedchefbarksatmetohavesomemorebaoziforbreakfastorLipressesmetohaveanothermouthfulofherred-braisedpork,Iknowtheyareofferingmetheedibleequivalentofahug.(但随着时间的推移，我开始明白这是什么意思。现在，我总能感觉到，当一个中国人开始喜欢我的时候，因为他们开始过度担心我的身体需求，催促我吃或喝，穿暖和，休息。当一脸严肃的厨师叫着让我早餐再吃点包子，或者李逼着我再吃一口她的红烧肉时，我知道他们给了我一个可食用的拥抱)”及第三段“FoodinChinacanmeanmanythings.Itisalsoartandcraftandmagic.(食物在中国意味着很多东西。它也是艺术、工艺和魔法)”和最后一段“Aboveall,itiswhatconnectsusandmakesushuman.(最重要的是，它将我们联系在一起，使我们成为人类)”可推知，作者通过文章传达的信息是食物即文化，文化即食物，强调食物在文化中的重要性和连接性。故选B项。CMarinecommunitiestraveledtoAntarcticaduringtheEarth’swarmestphasein66millionyears,longbeforeamajorextinctionoccurred.Recently,ateamofresearcherscomparedbiodiversityandglobalcommunitystructure,andtheydiscoveredthatthecommunityfrequentlyrespondstoclimatechangemillionsofyearsbeforebiodiversitylossoccurs.Thestudyimpliesthatplankton(浮游生物)relocatedtocoolerplacestoescapethetropical(热带的)heat,leavingonlythemosthighlyspecializedspeciestosurvive.Thesefindingssuggestthatchangesonthecommunitysizewillbevisiblelongbeforeextinctions,andthatgreatereffortshouldbeputintomonitoringthestructureofmarinecommunitiestopotentiallyforecastfuturemarineextinctions.DrAdamWoodhousefromtheUniversityofBristol’sSchoolofEarthSciences,explained:“Consideringthreebillionpeopleliveinthetropics,thisisnotgreatnews.Biodiversityamongmarineplanktongroupshaschangedinthelast66millionyears,butnoonehadexploreditonaglobal,spatialscalethroughthelensofasingledatabase.”“WeusedtheTritondatasetthatIcreatedduringmyPhD,offeringnewinsightsintohowbiodiversityrespondsspatiallytoglobalchangesinclimate,especiallyduringintervalsofglobalwarmthrelevanttofuturewarmingpredictions.”Adamadded.Thefossilrecordofmarineplanktonisthemostcompleteandextensivedocumentofancientbiologicalchangesavailabletoscience.Byapplyingadvancedcomputationalanalysestothisdocument,researchersdetailedglobalcommunitystructureoftheoceanssincethedeathofthedinosaurs,revealingthatcommunitychangeoftenprecedestheextinctionoforganisms.Theteamintendstoapplysimilarstrategiestoadditionalmarineplanktongroupings.Thisstudyonlylookedatplanktonicforaminifera(有孔虫类);however,therearenumerousadditionalmicrofossilgroupsthatplaykeyrolesinmarinefoodwebstobeinvestigated.Theymustalsousehistoricalandcurrentpatternstoanticipatefuturecommunityorganizationwithnewclimatemodels.8.Whatisthemajorfindingofthestudy?A.Tropicalplanktonadaptedtoextremeheat. B.Marineliferespondsearlierthanexpected.C.Fossilrecordspredictfutureclimatechange. D.Warmingcausesimmediatebiodiversityloss.9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?A.Fossilfuelusemustbestoppedimmediately.B.Oceanshippingtrafficneedstricterregulation.C.Geneeditingofplanktonmakesfortheirheattolerance.D.Monitoringmarinecommunitystructureshouldbeenhanced.10.WhatroledidtheTritondatasetplayintheresearch?A.Predictfutureclimatemodels. B.Trackspecies’extinctiontimelines.C.Comparetropicalandpolarecosystems. D.Revealspatialresponsestoglobalwarmth.11.Whatwilltheresearchteaminvestigatenext?A.Causesoftropicalextinctions. B.FormsoftheIceagecommunity.C.Samplesofothergroupsandmodels. D.Adaptationstrategiesofhumanbeings.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，6600万年前地球最热时期，海洋生物群落迁徙至南极。这表明群落结构变化先于生物灭绝，故需加强监测海洋群落结构以预测未来灭绝，团队还将研究更多浮游生物群。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently,ateamofresearcherscomparedbiodiversityandglobalcommunitystructure,andtheydiscoveredthatthecommunityfrequentlyrespondstoclimatechangemillionsofyearsbeforebiodiversitylossoccurs.(最近，一组研究人员对生物多样性和全球生物群落结构进行了比较研究，他们发现，生物群落往往会比生物多样性丧失发生早数百万年就对气候变化做出反应)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是海洋生物的反应时间比预期的要早。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thesefindingssuggestthatchangesonthecommunitysizewillbevisiblelongbeforeextinctions,andthatgreatereffortshouldbeputintomonitoringthestructureofmarinecommunitiestopotentiallyforecastfuturemarineextinctions.(这些发现表明，群落规模的变化会在物种灭绝之前很久就显现出来，并且应当投入更多精力去监测海洋群落的结构，以期能够预测未来的海洋物种灭绝情况)”可知，应当加强对海洋生物群落结构的监测。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“WeusedtheTritondatasetthatIcreatedduringmyPhD,offeringnewinsightsintohowbiodiversityrespondsspatiallytoglobalchangesinclimate,especiallyduringintervalsofglobalwarmthrelevanttofuturewarmingpredictions.(我们利用我在博士期间创建的Triton数据集，为如何从空间角度观察生物多样性对全球气候变化的响应提供了新的见解，尤其是在与未来全球变暖预测相关的全球温暖时期)”可知，Triton数据集揭示了全球变暖对空间环境的影响。故选D。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theteamintendstoapplysimilarstrategiestoadditionalmarineplanktongroupings.Thisstudyonlylookedatplanktonicforaminifera(有孔虫类);however,therearenumerousadditionalmicrofossilgroupsthatplaykeyrolesinmarinefoodwebstobeinvestigated.Theymustalsousehistoricalandcurrentpatternstoanticipatefuturecommunityorganizationwithnewclimatemodels.(该团队计划将类似的策略应用于其他海洋浮游生物群落。此次研究仅考察了浮游有孔虫类；然而，还有众多其他微化石类群在海洋食物网中发挥着关键作用，有待进一步研究。他们还必须利用历史和当前的模式，结合新的气候模型来预测未来的群落结构)”可知，研究团队接下来将要探究其他群体和模型的样本。故选C。DManypeoplehavewonderedwhychildrenbelieveinthingslikeSantaClausortheToothFairy,thinkingthatchildren’smindsareeasilyfooled.However,developmentalpsychologyoffersadifferentperspective.AstudypublishedinDevelopmentalPsychologyexploreshowchildrenreacttoideasthatgoagainstwhattheyusuallythinkandiftheychecktheseideasagainstwhattheyexpect.Thiswayofchecking,knownasthe“empiricalstance,”isapparentbythetimechildrenreachelementaryschool.Thestudyinvolvednearly200childrenaged3to8fromChineseschools.Eachchildwaspresentedwithfivedifferently-sizedobjectsmadefrompaintedRussiandolls.Thechildrennaturallyassumedthatthesmallestdollwasthelightestandthelargesttheheaviest.Whenaskedtoidentifytheheaviestobject,mostchildrenchosethelargestone.Anadulttheneitheragreedwiththechildren’schoiceormadeaclaimthatthesmallestdollwastheheaviest.Theresearchersobservedwhetherthechildrenwouldchangetheirmindsortesttheadult’sclaimbycomparingtheweightsofthedolls.Initially,childrenseemedtotrusttheadult’sword,withonlyasmallpercentageinsistingontheiroriginalbelief.However,whengiventheopportunitytoexplorethedolls,elementaryschoolchildrenwhohadreceivedthesurprisingclaimsystematicallytesteditbycomparingthesmallestandlargestdolls.Thisexplorationallowedthemtogenerateevidencethatcoulddenytheadult’sclaim.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilechildrenarewillingtotrustanadult’ssurprisingclaims,theiracceptanceistemporary.Byelementaryschool,theysystematicallytestsuchclaimsbyseekingnewevidence,whichtheythenusetoupdatetheirbeliefs.Thestudy’simplicationsextendbeyondchildhoodMostadultsacceptcomplexconcepts,suchastheexistenceofelectrons,basedonthetestimony(证词)ofothersratherthanpersonalexperience.SowhilechildrenmaylearnaboutthemagicofSantaClausfromadults,adultsmightsimilarlyhavesomethingtolearnfromelementaryschoolchildren:mostofuswoulddowelltoadoptanempiricalstancemoreoftenthanwecurrentlydo.12.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy. B.Theconclusionofthestudy.C.Thesignificanceofthestudy. D.Themethodologyofthestudy.13.Whichchild’sresponsematchestheempiricalstance?A.Taylorbelieveswhattheteacher,saysnomatterwhat.B.Emmaassumesthewatermelonissweetandthentastesit.C.Jordanthinkstheearthisflatbecausehisfathersaysso.D.Mayasuspectstherearemonsterslivingintreesasthestorysays.14.Whatlessoncouldadultslearnfromchildren?A.Learningfromtheirownexperience. B.Nevertrustinganyone.C.Decliningcomplexconcepts. D.Countingonothers’testimony.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Tohighlightadults’roleinchildren’seducationandgrowth.B.Toclarifyamisunderstandingaboutchildren’slearningability.C.Toadvocateforamoreempiricalapproachacrossallages.D.Toguideadultstohelpchildrenavoidwrongideasabouttheworld.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项发表于《发展心理学》杂志的研究，探讨了儿童如何对待与他们通常想法相悖的观点，以及他们是否会通过实证来检验这些观点，并指出这种实证立场在儿童成长中的意义，同时提出成年人也应从中学习。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thestudyinvolvednearly200childrenaged3to8fromChineseschools.Eachchildwaspresentedwithfivedifferently-sizedobjectsmadefrompaintedRussiandolls.Thechildrennaturallyassumedthatthesmallestdollwasthelightestandthelargesttheheaviest.Whenaskedtoidentifytheheaviestobject,mostchildrenchosethelargestone.Anadulttheneitheragreedwiththechildren’schoiceormadeaclaimthatthesmallestdollwastheheaviest.Theresearchersobservedwhetherthechildrenwouldchangetheirmindsortesttheadult’sclaimbycomparingtheweightsofthedolls.(这项研究涉及来自中国学校的近200名3至8岁的儿童。每个孩子面前都放着五个大小不一的俄罗斯套娃。孩子们自然地认为最小的娃娃最轻，最大的最重。当被要求找出最重的物体时，大多数孩子选择了最大的那个。然后，一个成年人要么同意孩子们的选择，要么声称最小的娃娃最重。研究人员观察孩子们是否会改变主意，或者通过比较娃娃的重量来检验成年人的说法)”可知，本段主要介绍了这项研究的具体方法和过程，包括研究对象、实验材料、实验步骤等。故D选项“Themethodologyofthestudy.(研究的方法)”是本段主要内容。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thiswayofchecking,knownasthe‘empiricalstance,’isapparentbythetimechildrenreachelementaryschool.(这种检查方式，即‘实证立场’，在孩子们上小学时就很明显了)”和第四段中“However,whengiventheopportunitytoexplorethedolls,elementaryschoolchildrenwhohadreceivedthesurprisingclaimsystematicallytesteditbycomparingthesmallestandlargestdolls.(然而，当有机会探索这些娃娃时，那些听到惊人说法的小学生们会系统地通过比较最小和最大的娃娃来检验这个说法)”可知，实证立场指的是通过实际探索或比较来检验观点或说法。B选项“Emmaassumesthewatermelonissweetandthentastesit.(艾玛假设西瓜是甜的，然后尝了尝)”中的艾玛先假设西瓜甜，然后通过品尝来验证自己的假设，这符合实证立场的定义。故选B项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“SowhilechildrenmaylearnaboutthemagicofSantaClausfromadults,adultsmightsimilarlyhavesomethingtolearnfromelementaryschoolchildren:mostofuswoulddowelltoadoptanempiricalstancemoreoftenthanwecurrentlydo.(所以，虽然孩子们可能会从成年人那里了解到圣诞老人的魔力，但成年人同样也可以从小学龄儿童身上学到一些东西：我们大多数人都应该比现在更经常地采取实证立场)”可知，作者认为成年人也应该像儿童一样，更多地采取实证立场，即通过自己的经验或实证来检验和更新观点。A选项“Learningfromtheirownexperience.(从自己的经验中学习)”符合这一观点，即通过个人经验来学习和验证事物。故选A项。【15题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“adultsmightsimilarlyhavesomethingtolearnfromelementaryschoolchildren:mostofuswoulddowelltoadoptanempiricalstancemoreoftenthanwecurrentlydo.(但成年人同样也可以从小学龄儿童身上学到一些东西：我们大多数人都应该比现在更经常地采取实证立场)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童如何对待与他们通常想法相悖的观点，并如何通过实证来检验这些观点的研究，并指出这种实证立场不仅对于儿童成长有重要意义，成年人也应该从中学习，更多地采取实证立场。所以C选项“Toadvocateforamoreempiricalapproachacrossallages.(倡导所有年龄层都采取更实证的方法)”是本文的写作目的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyoneknowsthatittakes21daystodevelopanewhabit.Weprobablyowethisparticularexampleofpop-psychologywisdomtoMaxwellMaltz,theplasticsurgeonwhoclaimedtohaveobservedthatindividualswhohadhadanarmorlegcutofftookanaverageofonly21daystoadjusttothelossofalimb(肢体).____16____.Andthereforeitmusttake21daystochangeahabit,maybe,perhaps!____17____,asanewstudybypsychologistPhillippaLallyandhercolleagueshelpsconfirm.Onaverage,hersubjects,whoweretryingtolearnnewhabitssuchaseatingfruitdailyorgoingjogging,tookadepressing66daysbeforereportingthatthebehaviourhadbecomeunchanginglyautomatic.____18____.Itcouldn’tbejustaseasytostarteatingafewmoreapplesastostartfindingfivehoursaweektostudyChinese.Self-helpculturestickstothefictionofthe21-dayrule,probablybecauseitmakeshabitchangesoundbasicallyeasy.____19____.Ourbrainsaredesignedtotakeshortcuts,makingasmanybehavioursaspossibleautomatic.“Really,”asksthepsychologistIanNewby-Clark,“whatwouldbethepointofhavingahabitthatdidn’tfreeupyourmindtofocusonmorepressingmatters?”Habitsaremeanttobedifficulttochange.Anotherproblemisthatwetendtothinkabouthabitchangewrongly.Wewantto,say,stopwatchingsomuchTV,butontheotherhand,demonstrably,wealsowanttowatchlotsofTV—afterall,wekeepdoingit.We’restuckdeepinwhattheGreekscalled“akrasia”:decidingonthebestcourseofaction,thendoingsomethingelse.___20___.SimplystopwatchingTVislikedealingwithaleakybathroomtapbyrepaintingthekitchen.What’srequiredisanalternativewaytofeelrelaxedandhappy.Maybebylookingattheproblemdifferentlywecanslipoutofthem.A.Thisis,ofcourse,nonsenseB.The21-dayruledoeshavesomescientificbasisC.WebelievethathabitsarepurelyamatterofwillpowerD.ThewayroundthisistoseethathabitsareresponsestoneedsE.Therefore,hereasonedthesamemustbetrueofallbigchangesF.Andsomehabits,unsurprisingly,wereharderthanotherstomakestickG.Oneproblemwiththisisdiscouraginglysimple:changinghabitsishard【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.G20.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了关于习惯改变的一些常见误解，特别是“21天养成一个新习惯”的说法。【16题详析】根据前文“Weprobablyowethisparticularexampleofpop-psychologywisdomtoMaxwellMaltz,theplasticsurgeonwhoclaimedtohaveobservedthatindividualswhohadhadanarmorlegcutofftookanaverageofonly21daystoadjusttothelossofalimb(肢体).

(我们可能要把这个流行心理学智慧的特别例子归功于整形外科医生MaxwellMaltz，他声称自己观察到，失去一条胳膊或一条腿的人平均只需要21天就能适应一条肢体的失去。)”可知，此处陈述了MaxwellMaltz的观点。E选项“Therefore,hereasonedthesamemustbetrueofallbigchanges(因此，他推断所有大的变化都是如此)”承接前文，选项中的he指代前文的MaxwellMaltz，符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】根据前文“Andthereforeitmusttake21daystochangeahabit,maybe,perhaps!(因此，改变一个习惯必须花21天，也许，也许！)”以及后文“asanewstudybypsychologistPhillippaLallyandhercolleagueshelpsconfirm.

Onaverage,hersubjects,whoweretryingtolearnnewhabitssuchaseatingfruitdailyorgoingjogging,tookadepressing66daysbeforereportingthatthebehaviourhadbecomeunchanginglyautomatic.

(如同心理学家PhillippaLally和她的同事的一项新研究帮助证实的。她的研究对象试图养成新习惯，比如每天吃水果或慢跑，他们平均花了令人沮丧的66天时间才报告说，这些行为已经变成了习惯性的行为。)”可知，MaxwellMaltz认为改变一个习惯必须花21天时间，但是PhillippaLally和她的同事的一项新研究证实了MaxwellMaltz所提出的观点是错误的。A选项“Thisis,ofcourse,nonsense(当然，这是无稽之谈)”直接反驳了第一段的观点，this指代前文的观点的内容即改变一个习惯必须花21天，该选项符合语境。故选A。【18题详析】根据后文“Itcouldn’tbejustaseasytostarteatingafewmoreapplesastostartfindingfivehoursaweektostudyChinese.(开始多吃几个苹果不可能像开始每周抽出五个小时学习中文那么容易。)”可知，此处强调多吃几个苹果不可能像每周抽出五个小时学习中文那么容易。F选项“Andsomehabits,unsurprisingly,wereharderthanotherstomakestick(不出所料，有些习惯比其他习惯更难坚持)”直接指出了不同习惯养成的难易程度不同，照应后文中将吃苹果和学韩语相对比的例子。故选F。【19题详析】根据前文“Self-helpculturestickstothefictionofthe21-dayrule,probablybecauseitmakeshabitchangesoundbasicallyeasy.(自助文化坚持21天规则的虚构，可能是因为它使习惯改变听起来基本上很容易。)”强调自我帮助文化坚持“21天规则”的虚构，可能是因为它想让习惯改变听起来很容易。G选项“Oneproblemwiththisisdiscouraginglysimple:changinghabitsishard(一个简单得令人沮丧的问题是：改变习惯很难)”可知，该选项指出了坚持21天规则的一个主要问题，即改变习惯很难，对上述观点进行了反驳，指出了改变习惯的真正难度。故选G。【20题详析】根据前文“Anotherproblemisthatwetendtothinkabouthabitchangewrongly.Wewantto,say,stopwatchingsomuchTV,butontheotherhand,demonstrably,wealsowanttowatchlotsofTV——afterall,wekeepdoingit.We’restuckdeepinwhattheGreekscalled“akrasia”:decidingonthebestcourseofaction,thendoingsomethingelse.

(另一个问题是，我们倾向于错误地思考习惯的改变。比如说，我们想停止看那么多电视，但另一方面，很明显，我们也想看很多电视——毕竟，我们一直在看电视。我们深陷希腊人所说的“akrasia”：决定最好的行动方针，然后做其他事情。)”可知，前面提到的是我们在习惯改变上的错误思维方式，即想要做某事（如少看电视），但实际上却继续做其它的事。D选项“Thewayroundthisistoseethathabitsareresponsestoneeds(解决这个问题的方法是认识到习惯是对需求的反应)”针对前文的问题提出了解决方案即要理解并满足我们的真正需求，而不是简单地错误地改变某个习惯。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。SimonGriffithsisthefounderofWhoGivesACrap,acompanythathas____21____thetoiletpaperindustry.Hisjourneybeganwitha(n)____22____statistic—atoiletisnot____23____to2.4billionpeople,about40%oftheworld!WhilevolunteeringinAsiaandAfrica,Simon____24____organizationsdoingincrediblethingstohelppeoplethere,butthelackofsustainablefundinggreatly____25____theirwork.Inspiredbyhisexperienceindevelopingcountries,Simon____26____tosellgoodstomakeadifference.Butwhatshouldhesell?Oneday,Simonwalkedintothebathroomandagoodidea____27____him:hecouldselltoiletpaperanddonatehalfprofitstohelpfundorganizationsbuildtoilets.WhoGivesACrapwasborn.Toooften,peoplebuyproductsthat____28____totheirtastebutwithoutcleverpackaging,sohis____29____wastocreatesomethingthat____30____qualityandaesthetics(美学),sothatpeoplewouldwanttoputitintheirbathroom.Itwasnotbeyondtheir____31____thattheirgoodssoldwell.TheirdonationtoWaterAidAustraliahasgrownfromtheinitial2,00AUDto5.85millionAUD,theybecomingitslargest____32____.Wheninterviewed,Simonsaid“ItriedvariousjobsbeforeWhoGivesACrap.Butafterworkinginbothcorporateandnon-profitorganizations,I____33____Iwantedtocombinebusinesswithsocial____34____soIfoundthewaytouseprofitsfromeverydayproductstodogood____35____.”21.A.created B.occupied C.transformed D.disturbed22.A.interesting B.shocking C.obvious D.awesome23.A.invisible B.sensitive C.accessible D.unique24.A.announced B.witnessed C.imagined D.suggested25.A.tookup B.weighedup C.heldback D.appealedto26.A.revealed B.revised C.resigned D.resolved27.A.annoyed B.struck C.bothered D.chose28.A.subscribe B.react C.stick D.correspond29.A.intention B.attitude C.assumption D.criterion30.A.ignored B.combined C.evaluated D.adopted31.A.expectation B.description C.passion D.occupation32.A.partner B.client C.opponent D.donor33.A.blamed B.denied C.recognized D.detected34.A.impacts B.careers C.prospects D.conflicts35.A.globally B.immediately C.appropriately D.individually【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.B25.C26.D27.B28.D29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。SimonGriffiths创立了WhoGivesACrap，通过销售环保厕纸并捐赠利润来改善全球卫生条件，成功转型了厕纸行业。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：SimonGriffiths是WhoGivesACrap的创始人，这是一家改变了卫生纸行业的公司。A.created创建；B.occupied占据；C.transformed改变；D.disturbed打扰。根据下文“Toooften,peoplebuyproductsthat…totheirtastebutwithoutcleverpackaging,sohis…wastocreatesomethingthat…qualityandaesthetics(美学),sothatpeoplewouldwanttoputitintheirbathroom.”可知，人们购买的产品符合自己的品味，但没有巧妙的包装，所以他的意图是创造一种结合质量和美学的东西，这样人们就会想把它放在他们的浴室里，这家公司改变了行业现状。故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的旅程从一个令人震惊的统计数字开始——有24亿人无法使用厕所，约占世界人口的40%！A.interesting有趣的；B.shocking令人震惊的；C.obvious明显的；D.awesome极好的。根据下文“to2.4billionpeople,about40%oftheworld!”可知，指24亿人没有厕所可用，约占世界人口的40%，这是令人震惊的数据。故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的旅程从一个令人震惊的统计数字开始——有24亿人无法使用厕所，约占世界人口的40%！A.invisible看不见的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.accessible可到达的；D.unique独特的。根据下文“toatoilet”可知，这里是指没有使用厕所的权利或机会。accessibleto“有机会使用”。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在亚洲和非洲做志愿者时，Simon目睹了一些组织在那里的惊人工作，但缺乏可持续资金大大阻碍了他们的工作。A.announced宣布；B.witnessed见证，目睹；C.imagined想象；D.suggested建议。根据下文“organizationsdoingincrediblethingstohelppeoplethere”可知，这里是说他目睹了那些组织的工作。故选B。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.tookup占据；B.weighedup权衡；C.heldback阻碍；D.appealedto吸引。根据上文“organizationsdoingincrediblethingstohelppeoplethere,butthe