高考英语复习-形容词清单

2026高考复习形容词根据不同的语法流派和语法书,形容词可根据词形结构、句法功能、词汇意义等来分类。下面只综合性地选一些疑难要点加以叙述。I.派生形容词1.典型的形容词后缀1)able表示“可…的”,“能…的”等:fortabledrinkable,eatable,steerable,reliable,undeniable,notabledeniable,agreeable,manageable注意一些词的拼写:regrettable,forgettable(但preferable中的r不双写且重音移至第一个音节。)2)al表示“….的”,“具有….特性的”:cultural,medical,musical.....le表示“可(被).....的”,“能…….的”等:legible,sensible,visible4)ic表示........有关的”,“像….的”,“具有…性质(特征)的”,“由…产生的”,“由….组成的”等:Asiatic(=Asian但有贬义),volcanic,heroic,scientific,poetic,quixotic，photographic,symphonic,alcoholic5)ish表示“似.….的”,“……一样的"等:boyish,childishfoolish,selfishish还常加在表示颜色的形容词和其它一些词后,表示“稍带….的”,“趋向于….的”,“近乎…的"等:brownish,bluish,bookish,reddish,tallish,whitishive表示"…...的”,"具有…的”等:attractive，amusive,creative,expensive,native,productive,substantive7)ful表示“充满..的”,“有...的"等:careful,useful以辅音字母加“y"结尾时:beautybeautiful以“ll”结尾时:skillskilful,willwilful8)less表示否定:careless,helpless,useless9)ly表示"像….的”,“每一特定时期发生一次的”等:brotherly,deadly,elderly,fatherly,friendly,goodly,likelylively,lonely,lovely,lowly,motherly,poorly,daily,hourlymonthly,weekly10)ous表示“具有…….的”,"多…的"等:dangerous，poisonous.以“ge"结尾的保留“e”:couragecourageous以“ce"结尾的变"e”为“i”:spacespacious,grace，gracious.以“our"结尾的变为“or”:vigour(vigor)vigorousrigour(rigor)rigorous注商:gasgaseouspitypiteous许多形容词以y"结尾,尤其是单音节的不可数名调派生的形容间:dirty,dusty,sleepy,moody,icy.stony2、分词作形容词1)ing:alarming,amazing,amusing,astonishing,boring,charming,forting,confusing,damaging,daringdeafening,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,enterprising,entertaining,cxacting,exciting,frightening,hearteninghumiliating,insulting,interesting,lasting,pleasing,promising，retiring,rewarding,satisfying,shocking,striking,surpris.ing,thrilling,trying,tiring,worrying...2)ed:alarmed,amazed,amused,balanced,badlybehaved,wellbehaved,bored,wellbuilt,conceited.contented,welldefined,disappointed,divided,welldressed,welleducated,embarrassed,excited,fascinated,frightened,interested,limited,pleased,relaxed,reserved,satisfied,shocked,surprised,tiredunexpected,unsettled,worried...注:alarmed,amazed和amused常用来修饰面部表情。beloved可读作[bi1ʌvd]或[bilʌvid],其动词原形belove在现代英语中已很罕见。Ⅱ.比较级1.三者比较三者比较,第三者的比较级前或后加“sti1l”WiliamistallerthanJohn,butJamesistallerstill.威廉比约翰高一些,但詹姆士更高。Amotorcarcangofasterthanabicycle,butanaer.oplanecantravelstillfaster.坐汽车旅行比骑自行车快得多，但坐飞机更快2.拉丁比较级英语从拉丁语中借代了一些表示比较的词，如seniorunior,superior,inferior,prior,posterior等。他们仍保持原词尾“or”,后接“to”而不是“than”。例如:Thesocialistsystemisfarsuperiortothecapitalistsystem.社会主义制度比资本主义制度优越得多。Theforcesofthereactionaryareinferiortotheseoftherevolutionarypeople.反动派的力量远不如革命人民的力量Hisarrivalwaspriortomydeparture.他在我出发前到达。玛丽年龄比我大。Maryisseniortome.3.farther和further二者都表示较远的意思,表示“进一步”“进一层”时常用further:Thevillageisonthefarther/furthersideofthehil村庄座落在更远的山坡下。Wewaitedforfurthernotice.我们等待进一步的通知。Furtherinvestigationsarenecessary.进一步的调查是必要的。4.elder和olderelder不作比较级，故其后不跟“than”,但可用作最高级;elder可作名词,older只作形容词:WhenImether,she'dlostherelderchild.我见到她时她的大孩子已经丢了。Heistheeldestandmostrespectedmemberofthegroup.在这群人中他是最年长和威望最高的。Theyareourelders.他们是我们的前辈。elder表示两者年龄比较时,可用下面的表达式:Heisthreeyearsmyelder.(=Heismyelderbythreeyears.)他比我大三岁。III.名词前多个形容词作定语的词序特性大小形状年龄颜色血统材质其adaringyoungmanasmallrooundoaktableadirtyoldbrowncoatacharmingFrenchwritingdeskalargegreenChinesecarpetafamousGermanmedicalschoolIV.表语形容词1.表语形容词与定语形容词表语形容词往往表示暂时的状况,而定语形容词常表示长期性的状况。试比较:Sheisill/unwell/well.(暂时的)Heisaveryhealthy/sickman.(长期的)“faint"既可作表语形容词，又可作定语形容词，但意思有所不同:Sheisfeeling/faint.(头晕)Thereisaveryfainthopeoffindinghimalive.(渺茫)2.以“a"开头的形容词以“a"开首的一组形容词只作表语形容词。试比较下列句子,注意表语形容词表示“暂时”状况，定语形容词表示长期"状况:Thatchildisafraid.It'safrightenedchild.Thesetwomenarealike.Theseproblemsarealike,They'resimilarproblems.Thankgoodness!He'salive.Thistreeisalive,lt'salivingtree.Theoldladylivesalone,She'salonelyoldladylamashared.Thedogisawleep,Letsleepingdogslie.Nowit'sawake.常用的还有ablaze,afire,adrift,afoat,aghast,alight等。还有不少以“a"开头的副词:aboard,abreast,abroad,afar,afresh,aloud,anewapart,ashore,aside,astray...3.aware表语形容词aware不能单独作表语,其后必须有“of短语”或“that从句”:Areyouawareofthedanger?Areyouawarethatweareinseriousdanger?V.两个以上形容词中的标点两个或两个以上表示性质、特征的形容词共同修饰一个名词，用逗号分开和不用逗号分开(一个为副词)意思不同:aprettyintelligentgirl一个相当聪明的女孩apretty,intelligentgirl一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩VI.形容词后置在一些固定词组中,形容词必须在所修饰的名词后面常用的如下:GodAlmighty上帝、万能的神acourtmartial军法审判thesumtotal总数apoetlaureate桂冠诗人AsiaMfinar小亚细亚thebodypolitie国家Anattorneygeneral首席检察官、检察长Anheirapparent法定继承人afeesimple继承者有全权的地产thethirdpersonsingular第三人称单数thecityofLondonproper伦敦市区anambassadorextraordinary特命全权大使fromtimeimmemorial远古以来ade