英语课件话题二十 历史与社会 故事与诗歌

第一部分

话题培优话题二十

历史与社会&故事与诗歌重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

历史与社会（History

and

society）下的子话题分别为中国历史与世界历史（History

of

China

and

the

world）、著名人物（Famous

people），故事与诗歌（Stories

and

poems）下的子话题分别为故事（Stories）、诗歌（Poems）、短剧（Short

plays）、作家（Writers）。本部分话题较为突出地体现了人文性，想要自如地表述有关历史与社会方面的内容、准确讲述中外故事并欣赏诗歌，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.belong

to

的用法

【观察】

It

must

belong

to

Carla.

【探究】belong

to意为“属于”，其后跟名词或代词作宾语，没有被动语态。belong

to

sb.通常可以和“be+名词性物主代词/名词所有格（一般是's所有格）”互相转换。如：

It

belongs

to

Mary.=

It

is

Mary's.

【运用】单项选择。（1）The

French

book

must

___.

She's

the

only

one

that

is

studying

French.BA.belong

to

Lily's

B.belong

to

Lily

C.belongs

to

Lily's

D.belongs

to

Lily同义句转换。（2）That

black

bag

belongs

to

Gina.

_______________________That

black

bag

is

Gina's.2.情态动词表推测

【观察】①

The

hair

band

must

belong

to

Linda.

②

Mr.

Smith

can't

be

teaching

in

this

school.

③

The

boy

may

be

13

years

old.

【探究】（1）must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定会；肯定会”，只用于肯定句中。（2）can表推测时通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could比can更委婉，更不确定。can't和couldn't均表示“不可能”。（3）may和might表示推测时，might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。may

not和might

not均表示“可能不”。

【运用】单项选择。（1）（2023·成都中考）Your

answer

___

be

right,

but

I'm

going

to

check

to

make

sure.BA.can't

B.might

C.must（2）（2023·扬州中考）—What

awful

news!

A

little

girl's

finger

was

stuck

in

a

small

hole.—To

parents,

children's

safety

___

be

paid

too

much

attention

to.CA.mustn't

B.may

not

C.can't

D.shouldn't（3）—What

do

you

think

“upset”

means?—I'm

not

sure.

It

___

mean

“sad”.BA.must

B.may

C.can

D.should（4）（2022·牡丹江中考）—Listen!

I

think

it

____

be

Mrs.

Li

singing

in

the

next

room.—

It

______

be

her.

I

know

she

has

already

left

for

New

York.A.may；

must

B.must；

can't

C.must；

mustn'tBB（5）—______I

finish

my

homework

now?—No,

you____.

Your

work

is

over

today.A.Can't;

must

B.Must;

don't

have

toC.May;

couldn't

D.Couldn't;

couldBB3.“感官动词+复合宾语”结构【观察】①

They

see

their

family

and

neighbors

coming

to

the

church.②

One

morning,

he

heard

a

man

singing.③

She

noticed

a

rabbit

jump

down

a

big

hole

in

the

ground.④

I

like

to

watch

the

monkeys

climb

around.⑤I

felt

something

crawl

up

my

arm.【探究】see,

hear,

watch,

notice,

feel等都属于感官动词，其后可接复合宾语。（1）接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程。（2）接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）我看到他弹钢琴了。I

saw

him

_____the

piano.play（2）我看到他正在弹钢琴。I

saw

him

________

the

piano.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。playing（3）—Do

you

often

hear

John_____

（sing）in

his

room?—Yes.

Listen!

Now

we

can

hear

him

________

（sing）

in

his

room.singsinging4.辨析happen与take

place【观察】①

An

accident

happened

in

that

street.②

Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

my

hometown

during

the

past

ten

years.【探究】（1）happen意为“发生；碰巧”，表示事情的发生带有偶然性，其后可接to

sb./sth.。（2）take

place意为“发生；举行；举办”，一般指事情按计划发生。【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）这起车祸发生在上个星期。The

car

accident

_________

last

week.happened（2）班会将于明天举行。The

class

meeting

will

__________

tomorrow.take

place单项选择。（3）Can

you

tell

me

what

happened___him

just

now?CA.with

B.for

C.to

D.at表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

A:

Hi,

Lily.

Will

you

go

to

the

concert

in

our

school

tomorrow?

B:

Sorry,

I

am

flying

to

China

tomorrow.

A:

Oh,

good

news.1.

___________________________.

B:

Yes,

I

am

excited

but

a

little

nervous.

A:

2.____________________？You

must

be

excited

about

itWhy

are

you

nervous

B:

Because

I

don't

know

many

of

the

customs

and

manners

in

China.

Could

you

give

me

some

advice?

A:

3.__________.

B:

What

should

I

do

when

I

am

invited

to

a

Chinese

friend's

home?

A:

4.________________________.

So

you

should

be

on

time.

B:

I

know.

5.______________________________？

A:

Yes.

But

if

you

can't

use

them,

you

can

use

spoons

instead.

B:

Thanks

for

your

advice.

A:

You're

welcome.Of

courseIt's

impolite

to

arrive

lateAm

I

supposed

to

use

chopsticksⅡ.书面表达

古今中外，文学名著犹如浩瀚星宇，给我们带来诸多影响和意义。你校正在开展“阅读经典，分享经典”的征文活动，要求大家用英语写一篇文章，介绍自己最喜欢、印象尤为深刻的一部名著。Name

and

writer…Place

where

the

story

is

set…Stories

the

book

tells…Influence

and

your

opinion…

要求：

1.

短文内容必须包含表格中所有要点，可适当发挥；

2.不能出现真实的人名、校名和地名；

3.词数:

不少于70。（文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）

I

have

read

a

lot

of

famous

books.

One

of

my

favorite

books

is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Jane

Eyre,

by

Charlotte

Bronte,

an

English

female

writer.

The

story

is

set

in

the

northern

England

in

the

early

nineteenth

century.

It

tells

about

Jane

Eyre,

a

woman

who

isn't

pretty

but

has

a

strong

idea

of

self-respect.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My

favorite

part

of

the

book

is

the

wonderful

dialogues

between

Jane

and

Mr.

Rochester.

I

still

remember

the

well-known

sentence

from

the

book:

Do

you

think

because

I

am

poor

and

plain,

I

have

no

feelings?

Jane

Eyre

tells

how

women

fought

for

a

happy

and

equal

life

at

that

time.

Many

people,

including

me,

are

deeply

moved

by

the

story.

It's

why

it

is

read

and

loved

by

people

all

over

the

world.核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2022·连云港中考改编）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

Zu

Ti

was

a

great

man

of

the

Jin

Dynasty.

He

was

.

.1.

.

for

his

hard

work

and

great

achievements.

But

when

he

was

a

child,

he

was

a

naughty

（顽皮的）

boy

who

showed

little

.

.2.

.

in

reading.

As

he

grew

up,

Zu

Ti

.

.3.

.

he

didn't

have

enough

knowledge.

And

he

deeply

felt

that

he

could

not

serve

his

country

well.

So

he

made

up

his

mind

to

study

hard.

Zu

Ti

had

a

close

friend

named

Liu

Kun.

They

had

a

deep

friendship.

So

they

stayed

together

every

day.

They

even

slept

on

one

bed

every

night

and

.

.4.

.

at

the

same

time

every

morning.

One

day,

when

they

were

.

.5.

.,

Zu

Ti

heard

the

rooster

crowing

（打鸣）.

An

.

.6.

.

came

to

him.

He

woke

up

Liu

Kun

and

said,

“How

about

getting

up

to

play

swords

（剑）?”Though

he

was

still

sleepy,

Liu

Kun

agreed

with

Zu

Ti

gladly.

From

then

on,

they

got

up

and

played

swords

.

.7.

.

the

rooster

began

crowing.

They

kept

their

words

day

after

day.

They

never

gave

up

no

matter

how

cold

in

winter

or

hot

in

summer.

Besides,

they

began

to

study

history

.

.8.

.

and

put

all

their

energy

into

reading

books.

.

.9.

.,

they

learned

a

great

deal

of

knowledge

and

made

much

progress.

A

few

years

later,

both

of

them

grew

up

with

talents

and

wisdom.

At

last,

their

.

.10.

.

came

true

and

they

made

great

contributions

to

their

country.

This

is

the

Chinese

idiom

story

To

Rise

with

the

Rooster.1.(

)

A.ready

B.famous

C.late

D.sorryB2.(

)

A.pride

B.respect

C.interest

D.kindnessC3.(

)

A.realized

B.decided

C.imagined

D.promisedA4.(

)

A.picked

up

B.got

up

C.gave

up

D.made

upB5.(

)

A.fighting

B.discussing

C.sleeping

D.readingC6.(

)

A.order

B.idea

C.exam

D.abilityB7.(

)

A.as

well

as

B.as

much

as

C.as

good

as

D.as

soon

asD8.(

)

A.carefully

B.politely

C.probably

D.recentlyA9.(

)

A.In

this

way

B.By

the

way

C.In

their

way

D.On

his

wayA10.(

)

A.mistakes

B.dreams

C.hobbies

D.difficultiesBⅡ.阅读理解第一节：阅读下面两篇短文，从所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。（A）（2023·陕西中考）Inventive

Minds

Inventions

can

change

the

world,

you

may

say.

But

did

you

know

we

are

inventors

today?

And

now

just

like

Orville

and

Wilbur

Wright,

Our

ideas

are

starting

to

take

flight!

We

all

have

inventive

minds.

We

are

thinking

of

new

ideas

all

the

time.

Yes,

kids

have

inventive

minds.

We're

using

them

ev'ry

day

of

our

lives!

Words

and

music

by

Steve

and

Kathy

Hoover

*Orville

and

Wilbur

Wright

brothers

were

the

inventors

of

the

early

plane.

**The

word

“flight”

is

the

noun（n.）form

of

the

verb（v.）“fly”.

***The

word

“ev'ry”

stands

for

“every”.1.This

text

was

created

as

a（n）___.AA.song

B.diary

C.play

D.ad2.From

what

we

read,

we

know

Orville

and

Wilbur

Wright

invented

the

early

___.CA.car

B.ship

C.plane

D.train3.What

is

the

authors'

real

purpose

of

creating

the

text?(

)

DA.To

teach

English

to

children.B.To

introduce

an

invention.C.To

praise

Orville

and

Wilbur

Wright.D.To

encourage

children

to

be

creative.（B）（2023·苏州中考）

Confucianism

（儒家思想）

has

been

followed

by

Chinese

people

for

more

than

two

thousand

years.

To

help

people

understand

how

to

behave

towards

others,

Confucianism

teaches

the

Five

Constants

（五常）.

These

are

ren,

yi,

li,

zhi

and

xin.

They

are

general

virtues

（美德）

around

the

world.

The

most

important

two

are

ren

and

li.

Ren

is

the

feeling

of

care

and

love

we

should

have

for

others.

Confucius

explained

ren

could

best

be

understood

as

loving

others.

He

is

famous

for

teaching

people

“What

you

do

not

want

done

to

yourself,

do

not

do

to

others”.

It

is

quite

similar

to

what

is

known

in

the

West

as

the

Golden

Rule

（treat

others

as

you

wish

to

be

treated）.

While

the

meaning

of

ren

is

easy

to

understand,

li

is

a

little

harder

to

express.

It

can

be

thought

of

as

duty

or

even

respect.

Generally,

li

is

the

way

we

should

connect

with

people

in

our

everyday

life.

In

Confucian

writings,

discussions

about

li

include

the

proper

way

to

drink

tea

and

how

to

remember

ancestors

（祖先）.

While

ren

is

mostly

about

our

opinions

and

feelings,

li

is

about

how

we

express

our

opinions

and

feelings

towards

others

and

towards

the

world

around

us.

Perhaps

the

most

well-known

Confucian

virtue

is

xiao.

This

is

the

duty

children

have

to

their

parents.

Xiao

means

loving,

respecting,

obeying

and

taking

care

of

one's

parents

in

their

old

age.

In

Confucianism,

xiao

is

important

for

a

harmonious

（和谐的）

society:

Without

it,

the

whole

world

would

fall

into

a

mess.1.Which

are

the

most

important

of

the

Five

Constants?(

)

BA.Ren

and

yi.

B.Ren

and

li.

C.Li

and

xin.

D.Yi

and

zhi.2.What

is

the

best

Chinese

for

the

underlined

sentence

in

Paragraph

3?(

)

CA.博学于文，约之以礼。

B.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。C.己所不欲，勿施于人。

D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。3.Which

of

the

following

is

an

example

of

li?(

)

CA.Building

a

peaceful

society.

B.Taking

care

of

one's

children.C.Obeying

rules

for

drinking

tea.

D.Learning

all

through

one's

life.4.What

does

the

passage

mainly

tell

us

about

Confucianism?(

)

AA.Its

general

virtues.

B.Its

long

history.C.Its

new

challenges.

D.Its

golden

rules.第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（C）（2022·江西中考）

Silk,

the

word

itself

is

beautiful.

The

story

of

silk

started

in

China

over

4,000

years

ago.

It

says

a

silkworm's

cocoon（蚕茧）fell

into

a

woman's

teacup.

It

then

opened

into

a

single,

unbroken

thread（线）.

1.___The

Chinese

learned

they

could

use

the

cocoons

to

make

cloth

that

was

both

beautiful

to

look

at

and

soft

to

touch.C

2.___

In

other

countries,

silk

was

valuable

and

not

often

seen.

Often

it

was

worth

more

than

gold.

It's

said

that

the

secret

finally

got

out

when

a

princess

left

China

to

go

to

India.

In

her

hair,

she

secretly

carried

many

silkworms.

By

the

year

1

A.D.,

silk

was

sold

as

far

west

as

Rome,

and

all

long

the

Silk

Road.

3.___

Centuries

later,

in

1522,

the

Spanish

brought

silkworms

to

Mexico.FG

Nowadays

people

around

the

world

still

make

many

beautiful

things

from

silk.

Silk

isn't

only

beautiful.

It

seems

that

it's

easy

to

break.

4.___For

example，it

has

been

used

to

make

bicycle

tires（轮胎）.And

some

doctors

even

use

silk

threads

in

the

hospital.

5.___

This

makes

it

great

for

clothes

like

winter

jackets,

pants,

and

shoes.

All

of

this

from

a

little

insect—the

silkworm.

That

is

the

miracle（神奇）of

silk.ABA.

Actually

it's

very

strong.B.

Silk

is

also

light

and

warm.C.

This

was

an

important

discovery.D.

The

woman

became

famous

and

popular.E.

A

princess

started

the

silk

trade

between

China

and

India.F.

Making

silk

was

a

protected

secret

in

China

for

many

years.G.

Around

the

year

300,silk

also

traveled

from

China

to

Japan.Ⅲ.完成句子：根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。1.（2022·鄂州中考改编）这辆玩具卡车一定是迪克的。他是野餐中唯一的小孩。This

toy

truck

_______________

Dick.

He

was

the

only

little

kid

at

the

picnic.must

belong

to2.那件外套可能是我祖母的。That

coat

may

be

______________________________.my

grandmother's

/my

grandma's3.西安是一座历史悠久的城市。Xi'an

is

a

city

which

has

______________.a

long

history4.学习使用毛笔可以使他们的生活更加丰富多彩，并且可以帮助他们更好地了解中国文化。Learning

to

use

brush

pens

can

make

their

life

more

colorful

and

help

them

________________

Chinese

culture.better

understand5.这个故事让我想起了我的童年。This

story

________

me

of

my

childhood.remindsⅣ.短文填空

（2023·烟台中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）culture,

make,

rapid,

know,

early,

have,

develop,

I,

wait,

city

During

this

year's

May

Day

holiday,

Yemeni

（也门）

student

Mohammed

Saleh

Ahmed

and

his

Chinese

friends

visited

Pingyao

ancient

city

in

Shanxi

Province.

They

even

experienced

the

ancient

way

of

getting

money

in

the

1._______

bank

of

China.earliest

“The

historical

relics

（遗迹）

in

China's

ancient

2.______

have

made

me

want

to

learn

more

about

the

country's

past,”

Mohammed

said.

In

recent

years,

tourism

industries

have

developed

3._______

and

these

relics

have

become

new

favorites

of

tourists.

Xinzhou

ancient

city

in

Shanxi,

with

a

history

of

more

than

1,800

years,

4.____

had

over

500

stores

and

restaurants.

During

the

five-day

holiday,

Xinzhou

ancient

city

received

more

than

400,000

visitors.citiesrapidlyhas

“5._____

restaurant

is

always

busy.

During

the

peak

（高峰）

season,

the

yard

is

crowded

with

tourists

who

are

6.________

for

dinner,”

said

Wang

Guodong,

a

businessman

who

owns

a

restaurant

in

Xinzhou

ancient

city.

Geng

Yeqiang,

an

expert

from

Shanxi

University,

said

that

historical

relics

can

form

a

7.________

tourism

circle

during

their

protection

and

8.____________.

The

process

can

increase

local

economic（经济的）

growth.

The

expert

also

said,

“At

the

same

time,

relics

protection

organizations

and

the

tourism

organizations

should

work

together

to

9.______

this

economic

model

better.”Mywaitingculturaldevelopmentmake

When

a

modern

city

meets

its

old

past,

not

only

can

the

tourism

be

developed

better,

but

the

local

culture

and

history

can

also

be

10._______

by

more

people.knownⅤ.任务型阅读

（2023·连云港中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

One

day,

a

young

boy

named

Zhang

Liang

was

walking

along

a

bridge.

He

saw

an

old

man

sitting

there.

One

of

the

old

man's

shoes

was

left

under

the

bridge.

“Go

over

there

and

get

my

shoe,

young

boy!”

the

old

man

ordered.

Zhang

Liang

felt

surprised,

but

he

still

picked

it

up

for

the

old

man.

The

old

man

said,

“Five