高考英语一轮复习阅读理解分类练习专题12阅读理解之组合练（含解析）

专题12阅读理解之组合练

A

（2020全国卷IC）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,hovever,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympics

isthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport's

rulesrequirethataracewalKer,skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandone

footremainincontact（接触）withthegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakes

racewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessor

ofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accoi'dingtomostcalculations,

racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）per

hour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouIdburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,

whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdocsnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.

Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweight

perstep,whileracewalkers,whodonot1eavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbody

weightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,som3oftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner*sknee,

areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport*sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestress

ontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousin

adoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewaIkingshouldprobablyfirstconsult

acoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It,smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.Il'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

3.WhatisDr.Norberg*ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexports*opinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

4.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

B

（2020全国卷［I））Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectof

scientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,

Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwith

houseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther

chcingingtheactualcompositionofpkintsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey're

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinking

abouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommon

vegetables.Strano*steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.

Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,

Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreet

lairps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelighting

istenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lairpsonaremotehighway-aBtofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldredusethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

5.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

6.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants*lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

7.Whatcanweexpectoftheflowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

I）.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwcgrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

C

（2020全国卷IIC）Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentaliston

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

12.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It'straditional.

D

（2020全国卷IID）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasI

canremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayas

achild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,Ilived

outadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

Myfirstjobw«tsworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhen'was16yearsold.11wasadreamjob

andIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,the1ibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaning

inmy1ife.IhadseveralchiIdrenandbookswereourmainsource（来源）ofentertainnent.Itwas

abigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbooksto

readorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoice

andtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththe

wondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitement

ofgoingtothe1ibrary1ivesonformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,I'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogoto

theirlocallibrarywhentheycan,taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseolibrariesasasafehaven（避

风港）forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,

intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盗版彳亍为）and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibraries

inasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary

announcementsonyoursocialnedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucar.

13.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor,srelationshipwithbooksasachild?

A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning“inparagraph3referto?

A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.

B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.

C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.

D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.

15.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?

A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.

C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.

16.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledge

B.MyIdeaaboutwriting

C.Library:AHavenfortheY^ung

I）.MyLoveoftheLibrary

E

（2020北京卷）Muchoftheworkintoday1sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeople

believethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalented

individuals.17Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywell

spent?

18Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootball

andbasketball»addingtalentedpkiyerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyupthepoint

where70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam,sperformancebeginstodeciine.

Interestingly,thistrendisn*tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeeps

improvingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformance

byateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（协调）theiractions.19Inbaseball,the

performanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentask

interdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,while

individualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceis

lower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtctal,hemay

takeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam*s

performance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,“ThereisnoIin

TEAM.“20

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymake

lesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔*可比赛）,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelse

pullstheropewithlessforce.

21AnA-teammayrequireabalance----notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayers

aswell.

A.It'snotasimplemattertDdeterminethenatureoftalent.

B.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers*attention.

I）.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportswor1d.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfronfootballandbasketball.

A【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B

【解析】

这是•篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨

慎，最好咨询专家的建议。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport*srulesrequirethataracewalker*skneesstaystraight

throughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatal1times.”

可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由

此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,

suchasrunner,sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers,”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑

步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D

项。

3题详解】

细一丐理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshould

probablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique（事实上，任何想

尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。）”可知，Dr.Norberg建议

想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。

"题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,

whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.w可

知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由

此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。

B【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光

植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代

路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

【5题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthat

greenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%more

productivewhentheirworkpkicesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进

行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装

饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15机由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选I）。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshow

whenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知

这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地卜.水中的有害化学

物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistemceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减

少能源消耗。故选C。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedinthe

US.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowerscurce-suchasthedistancefromapower

planttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowing

plantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。

由F照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的

植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理

工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的•些优势，

指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。臼此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯

吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

C【答案】9.A10.A11.D12.B

【解析】

本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠

们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示

了担忧。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutria

furmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unless

youunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,“saysCreeMcCree,project

directorofRighteousFur.得知,美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀,时装秀上展出海

狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则

谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由了海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时

装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters

$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出

科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选Ao

[11题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfor

nutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸

易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量

疯长，根据bul判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够

数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和倒闭的意思最相近。

故选及

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthatthey

canwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,at

leastinNewYork."得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为

在纽约将足一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服足有风险的。故选

D【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.1）

【解析】

本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩

子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，

宣传图书馆。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第•段的I*asalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooks

adayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.

IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.（我一直是一个热情的读

者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过

从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险）可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲,结合下文I

hadseveralchildrenandbookswere