年中考“读”辟蹊径九年级英语说明文课件

“读”辟蹊径：九年级英语说明文高分攻略福建省南平第一中学杜枚洁目录“读”基础：吃透说明文本质内核“读”技巧：拆解高频题型密钥“读”思维：掌握高分核心逻辑“读”实战：真题实操打磨手感01“读”基础：吃透说明文本质内核说明文画像03

说明文是一种以解释、说明为主要目的的文体，核心是向读者清晰传递信息、介绍事物性质或阐述道理。1.核心特征：3个明确目的明确结构明确语言明确不侧重讲故事或表达情感，目标是“把事说清楚”。比如解释“全球变暖的原因”、介绍“智能手机的工作原理”。常采用清晰的逻辑框架，比如“总-分”“总-分-总”，或按“时间顺序”“空间顺序”“因果顺序”展开。用词客观、准确，多使用陈述句，避免夸张、比喻等文学性修辞。会频繁出现专业术语（如说明科学原理时），但会搭配解释。说明文画像032.常见主题与类型科普类事物介绍类社会文化类解释自然现象、科学原理，如“光合作用的过程”“黑洞的形成”。说明物品的功能、特点或使用方法，如“如何使用智能手环”“新型环保材料的优势”。介绍习俗、制度或社会现象，如“西方感恩节的起源”“社交媒体对青少年的影响”。事理说明类阐述某种道理或规律，如“为什么坚持锻炼有益健康”“垃圾分类的重要性”。02“读”技巧：拆解高频题型密钥032025福建中考59.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?61.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1?1.推理判断题

说明文中的推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题，要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。解答该类型题目时一定要定位准确，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。进行推断时,要据文推理、不可脱离原文主观臆断。031.推理判断题解题技巧：1.“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推得。2.选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all等,正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊,会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。032025福建中考50.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyouprobablyreadthetext?1.推理判断题高频选项：News(NewsSection)新闻版、Science&Technology(Sci-TechSection)科技版、Nature自然版、Knowledge知识版、Health(HealthSection)健康版、Lifestyle生活方式版、Food&Drink饮食版、Culture&Art(CultureSection)文化艺术版、Entertainment(EntertainmentSection)娱乐版、Leisure休闲版、Education(EducationSection)教育版、StudentLife校园生活版032024福建中考35.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?1.推理判断题高频选项：Anewspaper（报纸）、Amagazine（杂志）、Abook（书籍，常细化为“astorybook”“asciencebook”等）、Atextbook（课本）、Awebsite（网站）、Anemail（电子邮件）、Amobileapp（手机应用程序，常细化为“alearningapp”“atravelapp”）、Aposter（海报）、Anadvertisement(Ad)（广告）、Anotice（通知）、Amenu（菜单）、Aletter（信件，常细化为“athank-youletter”“ainvitationletter”）、Adiary（日记）、Arecipe（食谱）版03Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?Howdoesthewriterdevelopthearticle?2.写作手法题Bylistingnumbers.列数字Bymakingasurvey.做调查Byaskingquetions.提问题Bytellingastory.讲故事Byusingasaying.用谚语Bygivinganexample.举例子Bydescribingascene.描述场景Bystatinganopinion.陈述观点032.写作手法题Bylistingnumbers.列数字 Thenewlibraryinourschoolisverybig.Ithasover5,000books,tworeadingroomsthatcanhold80studentseach,anditopensfor10hourseveryday.Bymakingasurvey.做调查

Moststudentsinourclasslikeafter-schoolactivities.Arecentsurveyshowsthat75%ofusenjoyplayingbasketball,and20%preferdrawing.Byaskingquetions.提问题

Doyouoftenfeeltiredafteralongdayatschool?Doyouwanttofindaneasywaytorelax?Listeningtolightmusicisagreatchoice032.写作手法题Bytellingastory.讲故事

Lastmonth,myfriendLilyforgotherumbrellaonarainyday.Akindoldmansharedhisumbrellawithher.Byusingasaying.用谚语

Asthesayinggoes,'Practicemakesperfect'—onlybypracticingagainandagaincanwegetbetteratwhatwedo.Bygivinganexample.举例子

Manyfruitsaregoodforoureyes.Forexample,carrotsarerichinvitaminA,whichhelpsusseeclearlyinthedark.OrangesalsohelpprotectoureyesbecausetheyhavelotsofvitaminC.032.写作手法题Bydescribingascene.描述场景

Itwasaquietsummerevening.Thesunslowlywentdown,paintingtheskypinkandorange.Somebirdsflewbacktotheirnests,andwecouldhearcricketssinginginthegrassBystatinganopinion.陈述观点

Ithinkstudentsshouldhavemoretimetoreadbookstheylike.Readinginterestingbookscannotonlymakeushappybutalsohelpuslearnmoreoutsidethetextbook.032025福建中考57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“capture”inparagraph2mean?A.Shut. B.Catch. C.Touch. D.Check.Peterwritesmusic.Helikessoundsandusesnaturalsoundsaspartofhismusic.Heoftenwentouttothewildwithhismicrophoneandrecordedinterestingsoundstoputinmoviesortouseinhisownsongs.Insteadoftryingtocapturejustthesoundofoneanimalorbird,herecordedthesoundofeverythingalltogether—theanimals,thetrees,thewindandtheearth.Hecalledtheserecordings“soundscapes”—thesoundofacertainplace.EverysoundscapePeterrecordedhadalotofinformation.3.词义猜测题找线索—定含义—验选项B03

Ahealthyadult’sheartbeatsabout70-80timesperminuteatrest.Butafterexercise,itmayincreaseto120-150times.Howmanytimesdoesahealthyadult’sheartbeatperminuteafterexercise?A.60-70B.70-80C.120-150D.150-1804.细节理解题C03干扰词范围偷换词

原文：some→选项：all原文：most→选项：every原文：few→选项：many、afew原文：partof→选项：thewholeof 最常见陷阱，需注意“部分”与“全部”的区别。03干扰词频率偷换词

原文：sometimes→选项：always原文：often→选项：never原文：onceaweek→选项：twiceaweek 时间频率的细微差异，容易因忽略而错选。例：原文“Hevisitshisgrandmaonceaweek”，选项“Hevisitshisgrandmatwiceaweek”为干扰项。03干扰词否定陷阱词 原文：unhappy→选项：happy原文：dislike→选项：like原文：impossible→选项：possible原文：hardlyever→选项：often 带否定前缀（un-,dis-,im-）或否定含义的词，易被“反过来”设置干扰。例：原文“Shedislikesspicyfood”，选项“Shelikesspicyfood”为错误项。03干扰词程度偷换词 原文：alittle→选项：very原文：almost→选项：already原文：quite→选项：too原文：just→选项：only例：原文“Thewaterisalittlecold”，选项“Thewaterisverycold”程度不符，为干扰项。03What'sthestructureofthetext?5.文章结构题总分式

在说明事物或事理时，段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系，表现为由总到分、由分到总。承接式

各层之间按照事物的发展过程，或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排，前后相互承接。递进式

后边在前边的基础上进一步说明，各层之间的关系是由浅入深。并列式

围绕同一主题，从不同角度、不同方面进行说明，各部分地位平等，无明显的“总-分”关系，常用“firstly,secondly”或“ononehand,ontheotherhand”连接。036.主旨大意题2025福建中考65.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

这类题不关注原文中的具体细节（如时间、数字、例子），而是要求通过阅读全文，提炼出最能涵盖文章中心思想的标题，关键判断标准有两个：全面性：标题需覆盖文章的核心主题，不能只概括某一段或某个部分的内容（避免“以偏概全”的干扰选项）。准确性：标题需与文章内容完全匹配，不能添加原文没有的信息，也不能偏离主题（避免“无中生有”的干扰选项）。036.主旨大意题干扰项细节化选项：只概括了文章中的某个例子、某段内容，而非整体主题。例：若文章整体讲“垃圾分类的好处和方法”，选项“如何分类厨余垃圾”就属于细节化选项，只覆盖了“方法”中的一部分，不够全面。扩大化选项：标题涵盖的范围远超文章实际内容，加入了原文未提及的话题。例：若文章只讲“初中生如何合理使用手机”，选项“现代人如何使用电子设备”就属于扩大化选项。偏离主题选项：标题内容与文章核心无关，或只涉及文中偶然提到的次要信息。例：若文章主要介绍“大熊猫的生活习性”，选项“动物园的游客注意事项”就属于偏离主题选项。036.主旨大意题检验技巧：如果你要以此标题来写文章，你会不会这么写？

Moststudentsspend1-2hoursonhomeworkeveryday.Somestudentsfinishitquicklybyplanningtimewell,butotherstakelongerbecausetheygetdistractedbyphones.Tofinishhomeworkefficiently,expertssuggest:makeato-dolistfirst,turnoffphonenotifications,andtakea10-minutebreakevery40minutes.Thesetipscanhelpstudentssavetimeandreducestress.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoPlanHomeworkTimeB.TipsforFinishingHomeworkEfficientlyC.WhyStudentsHaveTooMuchHomeworkD.HowtoAvoidPhoneDistractionsB03Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?Whatdoesthewriterthinkof...?7.作者态度题积极态度类（Positive）词汇中文含义线索提示Supportive支持的出现“helpful,necessary,important,should”等词，或作者明确表达“赞同”的观点Approving赞同的用“good,great,useful,beneficial”等褒义词评价事物Proud自豪的描述个人或群体的成就，带有“success,achievement,proudof”等表达Happy/Pleased高兴的/满意的出现“smile,joy,satisfied,glad”等体现愉悦情绪的词Hopeful充满希望的用“future,better,possible,hopeto”等表达对未来的积极预期037.作者态度题消极态度类（Negative）词汇中文含义线索提示Disapproving不赞同的用“bad,harmful,unnecessary,shouldn’t”等贬义词评价，或直接反对某行为Critical批评的指出事物的缺点、问题，出现“problem,disadvantage,wrong,mistake”等词Bored无聊的述对事物缺乏兴趣，如“boring,notinteresting,wanttoleave”Worried/Concerned担忧的/关心的表达对问题的焦虑，出现“worriedabout,concernedabout,problem,danger”Angry生气的用“angry,annoyed,complain,unhappyabout”等体现愤怒情绪037.作者态度题中立类（Neutral）词汇中文含义线索提示Objective客观的只陈述事实、数据、观点，不加入个人褒贬，如“introduce,explain,show,thedatashows”Neutral中立的平衡呈现事物的优缺点，不偏向某一方，常用“ononehand...ontheotherhand...”03“读”实战：真题实操打磨手感03

Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth’ssurface,there’sstillalotwedon’tknowaboutthem.Onlyabout20percentoftheseafloorhasbeenmapped,andtheremaining80percentisstillasecrettous.Somescientistseventhinkthat91percentofseaanimalshaveyettobediscovered.

Sowhydoweknowsolittleaboutthedeepsea?Well,gettingtothosedepthsisverydifficultandrequireshightechnologythatsimplydidn’tcomeintobeingformostofhumanhistory.Thefirstnavigablesubmarine(可驾驶的潜水艇),forexample,wasbuiltin1620,anditcouldn’tgomorethanfivemetersbelowthesurface.Infact,foralongtimemanyscientistsdidn’teventhinkthattherecouldbeanylifeatdepthsgreaterthan550metersanddidn’tseemuchneedtoexplore(探索)thedeepsea.However,thischangedin1862whenlifewasdiscoveredasfardownas945metersbelowsealevelwiththehelpofadiggingmachine.Tenyearslater,around4,700species(物种)unknownbeforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.

Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhyisdeep-seaexplorationstillsodifficult?Well,atgreaterdepthsitisfreezing(极冷的),everythingiscompletelydark,andthepressurecanbeover1,000timesgreaterthanthatonthesurface.

Thoughwehavethedifficulties,it’simportantthatweunderstandtheseas.Theyhelpcontroltheearth’stemperatureandproducehalfoftheoxygen(O2)intheair.Theycanalsoprovideuswithinformationaboutclimatechange.Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforustoreallyunderstandwhatisongoingbelowthesurface.2024福建中考阅读C篇0336.WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.B.Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout.C.Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.D.Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans.37.Whatcausedthechangeofexplorationintothedeepsea?A.Hightechnology.

B.Unknownspecies.C.Apleasantenvironment. D.Valuableinformation.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Seaanimals. B.Theseas. C.Thesatellites. D.Manyscientists.39.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Itisdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine. B.Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.C.Theseashavenolivesatadepthof550meters. D.Itiseasiertogointothedeepseathanwethink.40.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.HiddenTreasuresinDeepSea

B.UnlockedSecretsofDeepSeaC.Deep-SeaExploration:IntotheFreezingDepths D.Deep-SeaExploration:ThePastandtheFuture2024福建中考阅读C篇0336.WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.B.Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout.C.Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.D.Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans.37.Whatcausedthechangeofexplorationintothedeepsea?A.Hightechnology.

B.Unknownspecies.C.Apleasantenvironment. D.Valuableinformation.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Seaanimals. B.Theseas. C.Thesatellites. D.Manyscientists.39.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Itisdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine. B.Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.C.Theseashavenolivesatadepthof550meters. D.Itiseasiertogointothedeepseathanwethink.40.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.HiddenTreasuresinDeepSea B.