专题19主谓一致（复习讲义）（广东小高考专用）（原卷版）

专题19主谓一致目录考情分析与命题趋势.......................................................................................................1知识体系构建...................................................................................................................1考点精析与突破...............................................................................................................3考点一：语法一致原则（常考点）...............................................................................3 考点二：意义一致原则（难点）...................................................................................7考点三：就近原则（重点）..........................................................................................10实战精练与提升...............................................................................................................11一、考试要求主谓一致是高考英语的必考点和基础考点。它看似简单，但由于英语句子结构的复杂化，它成为了一个容易失分的“陷阱题”高发区。高考英语对主谓一致的考查，正从“知识识记”向“能力运用”转变。它要求考生不仅熟知规则，更能在复杂的语言环境中，通过句子结构分析和逻辑意义判断，做出正确选择。掌握恰当的方法，并配以系统的规则梳理和真题训练，就能在这个考点上稳操胜券。二、命题分析考点考频考查内容命题趋势语法一致原则5年5考语法一致原则的深层次理解预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查意义一致原则5年4考意义一致原则的深层次理解预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查就近原则5年3考就近原则的深层次理解预测2026年在语法填空、阅读理解和写作中考查语法一致——“看长相”这条定律取决于主语的语法形式是单数还是复数。单数主语——单数动词；复数主语——复数动词不定代词作主语→视作单数each,either,neither,one,theother,anothersomeone,anybody,everything,nobody等。“名词/代词+附带结构”→向核心主语看齐当主语后跟有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,except,including等引导的短语时，谓语动词与核心主语保持一致。意义一致——“悟内涵”这条定律取决于主语所表达的内在含义是单数还是复数。集合名词——可单可复，取决于视角family,team,group,class,audience,government等。强调整体（作为一个单位）→单数强调个体成员（分散行动）→复数形复意单的名词——形式骗了你news,politics,physics,mathematics,measles专有名词：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations其他：works（工厂）,means（方法）“the+形容词”表示一类人→复数thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thedisabled数量词短语——看“of”后面的真身“分数/百分数+of+名词”：谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致。邻近一致——“找邻居”这条定律取决于谓语动词最邻近的主语是单数还是复数。就近原则either...or...either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...连接并列主语时。Notonlytheplayersbutalsothecoachwasnervous./EitheryouorIamwrong.就远原则核心主语+with/togetherwith/aswellas/except...+名词，谓语与核心主语一致。Mary,unlikehersisters,likesstayingathome.语法一致原则考点精析与突破考点一：单数可数名词与不可数名词作主语单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例题Anewbridge______(be)beingbuiltovertheriver.答案：is主语是单数可数名词Anewbridge。根据语法一致原则，单数主语配单数谓语。此处为现在进行时的被动语态，故填is。变式题1Theinformationheprovided______(be)ofgreatvaluetoourresearch.变式题2______(Do)dailyexercisehelptoimproveourhealth?考点二：不定代词作主语each,either,neither,one,theother,another以及由some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词（如someone,anything）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例题Eachofthecandidates______(have)achancetospeakforfiveminutes.答案：has主语是Each（每一个），属于单数不定代词。不定代词each作主语，谓语动词用单数。不要被ofthecandidates这个复数短语迷惑，核心主语是Each。变式题Somebodywho______(care)aboutyouiswaitingforyououtside.变式题2Neitherofthetwosolutions______(seem)practicaltome.考点三：动名词、不定式与从句作主语单个动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）或主语从句作主语时，它们通常被视作一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例题Learningaforeignlanguage______(require)alotoftimeandeffort.答案：requires主语是动名词短语Learningaforeignlanguage。动名词短语作主语，被视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数。表示一个普遍事实，用一般现在时，故填requires。变式题1Whatweneedmostnow______(be)moretime.变式题2Togetupearlyinthewintermorning______(be)reallyachallengeforhim.考点四：“the+形容词”表示抽象概念当“the+形容词”表示一种抽象概念或特质时，谓语动词用单数。例题Thebeautiful______(give)pleasuretoallofus.答案：gives此处Thebeautiful并非指“美丽的人们”，而是指“美”这一抽象概念。表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。普遍真理，用一般现在时，故填gives。变式题1Inhisphilosophy,theunknown______(be)alwayssomethingtobeexplored.变式题2Theaccused______(stand)inthecourt,feelingnervous.考点五：专有名词与形复意单的名词作主语表示国家、组织、书籍名称等专有名词，以及一些以s结尾但表示单一概念的学科、疾病名称（如physics,news），谓语动词用单数。例题TheUnitedNations______(play)animportantroleininternationalaffairs.答案：plays主语TheUnitedNations（联合国）是一个专有名词，代表一个单一组织。此类专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。表示一贯的角色，用一般现在时，故填plays。变式题1Mathematics______(be)thelanguageofscience.变式题2GreatExpectations______(be)anovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.考点六：并列主语由and或both...and...连接由and或both...and...连接的并列主语，通常表示两个或多个不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。例题Boththesecretaryandthemanager______(agree)withtheproposal.答案：agree主语由both...and...连接，分别是thesecretary和themanager，这是两个不同的人。表示不同个体的并列主语，谓语动词用复数。用一般现在时，故填原形agree。变式题1WhatIsayandwhatIthink______(be)noneofyourbusiness.变式题2Breadandbutter______(be)theirdailyfood.考点七：“each/every...and...”结构作主语由each...andeach...或every...andevery...连接的主语，遵循语法一致原则，强调“每一个”，谓语动词用单数。例题Everyboyandeverygirlinthisclass______(be)eagertolearn.答案：is主语是由every...andevery...连接的结构，此结构强调每一个个体，但整体上遵循语法一致，谓语动词用单数。用一般现在时，故填is。变式题1Eachmanandeachwoman______(have)therighttovote.变式题2Everystudentandeveryteacher______(be)requiredtoattendthemeeting.意义一致原则考点精析与突破考点一：集合名词作主语集合名词（如family,team,group,class,audience,government等）强调整体时，谓语用单数；强调集体中的个体成员时，谓语用复数。例题Myfamily______(be)averybigone,butnowmyfamily______(be)alllivingindifferentcities.答案：is;are第一空：此处family被看作一个整体（一个大家庭），所以谓语动词用单数is。第二空：此处有all一词，明确强调家庭中的个体成员（家人们），所以谓语动词用复数are。变式题1Theclass______(have)electedtheirmonitor,andtheclass______(be)nowhavinganEnglishlesson.变式题2Theaudience______(be)solargethattheaudience______(be)allaskedtobeseated.考点二：形复意单的名词作主语一些以s结尾的名词，如表示学科、疾病、游戏等，在意义上是抽象的、单一的，谓语动词用单数。例题Politics______(be)aplicatedtopicthatIknowlittleabout.答案：is此处的Politics指的是“政治”这门学科或领域，是一个抽象概念。形复意单的名词，谓语动词用单数。陈述一个事实，用一般现在时，故填is。变式题1变式题2Measles______(take)alongtimetogetover.考点三：“the+形容词”表示一类人当“the+形容词”表示一类人（如thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thedisabled）时，谓语动词用复数。例题Inanycountry,thepoor______(need)morecareandsupportfromthesociety.答案：needthepoor指的是“穷人”这个群体，是由多个个体组成的。表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。表示一个普遍需求，用一般现在时，故填原形need。变式题1Theinjuredintheaccident______(have)beensenttothenearesthospital.变式题2Theyoung______(be)alwaysfullofhopesanddreamsforthefuture.考点四：表示数量、度量、距离、金额的短语作主语当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词被看作一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。例题Onehundreddollars______(be)alargeamountforachild.答案：isOnehundreddollars在这里不是指一百张一美元的纸币，而是被看作“一百美元”这个总金额，是一个整体。表示金额的复数名词作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。陈述一个普遍看法，用一般现在时，故填is。变式题1Thepasttenyears______(have)witnessedgreatchangesinmyhometown.变式题2Fiftymiles______(seem)likealongwalktoanyone.考点五：不定代词all,most,some,half等+of...作主语由all,most,some,half,therest,theremainder等加of短语构成的主语，其谓语动词的单复数由of后面名词的实际意义决定。例题Allofthemoneyonthetable______(belong)toyou.Butallofthebookshere______(be)mine.答案：belongs;are第一空：Allof后面是不可数名词money，所以主语是单数概念，谓语用单数belongs。第二空：Allof后面是复数可数名词books，所以主语是复数概念，谓语用复数are。变式题1Mostofthecity______(be)coveredwithtrees,andmostofthestudentsinourschool______(be)fromthecountryside.变式题2Someoftheadvicehegave______(be)veryuseful,andsomeoftheapples______(be)rotten.就近一致原则考点精析与突破所谓“就近一致原则”，是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式。考点一：由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...连接并列主语时当两个主语由上述并列连词连接时，谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。例题Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______(be)excitedabouttheupingtrip.变式题1Eitherthecoachortheplayers______(be)responsiblefortheloss.变式题2Neitherthequalitynortheprice______(have)metourexpectations.考点二：在therebe句型中在Therebe...句型中，be动词的单复数通常与最靠近它的那个主语（第一个主语）保持一致。例题There______(be)abook,twopencilsandaneraseronthedesk.变式题1There______(be)manyapplicationsandonefinaltestbeforeyougetthecertificate.变式题2Look!There______(be)adogandsomecatsplayingintheyard.考点三：在倒装句及“Here/Where+be”结构中在部分倒装句，特别是表地点、方向的介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装句中，以及“Here/Where+be”结构中，谓语动词的单复数也由最靠近它的主语决定。例题Onthewall______(hang)afamouspaintingandseveralfamilyphotos.答案：hang详解：这是一个倒装句，正常语序是“Afamouspaintingandseveralfamilyphotoshangonthewall.”在倒装后，谓语动词hang靠近第一个主语afamouspainting(单数)，但请注意，这里的hang作“悬挂”讲时，主语是物，常用主动表被动，其单复数形式不变。但此句更常见的考法是：当第一个主语是单数时，动词用单数。然而，当主语是多个并列项时，谓语动词常用复数。此处apaintingandseveralphotos是复数概念，所以用hang。变式题Betweenthetwobuildings______(stand)atalltree.一、单句语法填空1．Notjustyoubuthe(like)thecountrymusicverymuch.2．Eitheryouorhe(have)tostayathomethisafternoon.3．Look.There(be)apairofshoes,aboxofapplesandsomedrinksunderthetable.4．There(be)notasmuchhomeworkasIwasusedto,butitwasstilltoughforme.5．Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(show)agreatinterestinplayingfootball.6．Nottheexpensivegiftsbutwhathesaidfromthehearttruly(touch)hersoulandmakesherfeellovedeverysingleday.7．Thereare(clinic),schoolsandotherservicesinthismunity.8．Notonlysomeoftheexchangestudentsbutmyforeignteachernow(be)fondofBeijingOpera.9．Atthemoment,there(be)9,300openingsfornursesacrossthestate,Hochulnotedasshehintedthattheprogrammaybeexpandedinthenearfuture.10．Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheteacher(be)veryinterestedinthegame.11．NeitherInorCathy(do)wellinknittingasweaternow.12．It'snotmyfriendsbutmyteacheralways(say)thateveryoneshouldbeabletomaketheirownlifestylechoices.13．Notonlytheforeignstudentsbutalsotheteacher(attract)bytheauthenticChineseteaculturesofar.14．Neitheryounoranystudentinyourclass(know)thecorrectanswertosuchadifficultmathproblem,eventhoughit’sbeencoveredinclassrecently.15．Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfather(like)watchingcartoons.16．There(be)adictionaryandtwobooksonthedesk.17．There(be)someChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam.18．Onthatday,there(be)lotsofconventionalcelebrationactivities.19．NotonlyZhouXiabutalsoherparents(be)fondofwatchingfootballmatches.20．NotonlyMarybutalsoI(have)adaptedtothenewenvironment.21．Whilewemaychangefriends,thenumberofpeoplewecankeepintouchwith(stay)thesameinacertaintime.22．Withsomanyartistsexploringnewpossibilities,wecandefinitelyexpectthe(expect).23．Ourteachertellsusthatphysics(be)afundamentalsubjectinscience.24．Doyouknowwhentheprofessorandthewriter(be)toetogiveusaspeech?25．Aftertheyvolunteeredinthelibrary,eachbookandeachpaper(be)inproperplace.26．—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea(invite).27．Thereasonwhythelakesmellsterribleisthatlargequantitiesofwater(pollute)inthelastfewyears.28．Theyoung(be)thevitalforcesinoursociety.29．Twentydollarsforthelittlepoorgirl(be)toomuchthen.30．Toourrelief,uptonowthe(injure)inthecrashhavebeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.31．Chineseacrobatic(杂技)datesbacktotheNeolithic,whenancientpeopledevelopeditfromdailylifeforenjoymentandcelebration.Theuseofdailyitemssuchastables,chairs,bowlsandplates(be)monintheirperformances.32．Maryoftendoessometranslationworktoearnextramoney,which(accountfor)halfofherine.33．Fouryearsintheuniversity(seem)quiteshortforthestudents.34．Gasnaturally(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.35．Thewholeclass(be)greatlymovedbyhiswords.36．TheChinesebadmintonteam(be)playingmagnificently.37．Thebeautiful(be)notalwaysuseful,whiletheyoung(be)alwaysstrivingforsomethinguseless.38．Theinjuredintheearthquake(send)tothenearesthospitalyesterday.39．Everymeans(have)beenusedtocalmthewomandown.40．Canthosetoolsreallymaximizeyourworkoutbenefits?Therealquestionssurroundnotthe(wear),butthewearer.41．Twothirdsofmyleisuretimeisspentonreadingandtheremainingonethird(spend)indoingoutdoorsports.42．Notbothofthem(e)totheparty.43．BeingexposedtoEnglishfrequently(able)ustohaveagoodmandofthislanguage.44．Listeningtoloudmusic(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagersbynow.45．Beingattherightplaceattherighttime(be)decisiveinanystyleofphotography.46．Gettingyoungpeopletotakepartinallkindsofactivitiestoprotecttheirnationalheritage(be)agoodwaytointroducethemtotheircountry’shistory.47．Allpossiblemeans(use)tostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.48．Twothirdsoftheregion(pollute)inthepastdecade.49．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifewalking,cyclingorswimming.50．Mostofherfollowers(age)between20to30.51．NoonebutJohnandhisteachers(know)thetruthoftheexperiment.52．Readingarticlesandshortposts(play)animportantroleinintegratingknowledgeandachievements.53．Look!Theguests(show)aroundthefactory.54．WhenIarrivedthere,I(strike)bythebeautyofthesnowcoveredrurallandscape.55．Aswewalkedintothehousewe(greet)byawonderfulsmellofbaking.56．ThepopulationinCalifornia(explode)overthepastfewyearsandthestateisfacedwithgreatchallenges.57．StudycoauthorWeiMinWusa