高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解记叙文（考情分析+试题回顾+模拟试题）原卷版

专题02高考阅读理解记叙文

一、考情分析

语篇阅读能力一直是高考英语的考查重点，因此阅读理解是高考英语试卷最重要的内容之一。阅读理

解和七选五在高考卷中分值达50分左右，是决定学生高考英语成绩的一个重要题型。高考中的阅读理解按

照文章体裁通常可以划分为应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文。文体不同，语篇结构、语言特点和阅读策

略也各有差异。在各类文体中，记叙文占了很大比重。记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文章体裁，

分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文

以人为写作对象，表现人物的品质特点，而叙事的记叙文以事件为记叙对•象，揭示事件对人、对社会的思

想意义。本文将结合近几年高考试题，阐述记叙文阅读理解的命题特点和解题策略。

序号来源语篇概述主题语境词数

12023年新高考I卷B篇爱思考且好学的John建造了一个生态机器，利用自然人与自我329

自我修复的原理来净化污水

22023年全国甲卷B篇□IY高手TerriBohonis的技能以及此项目可能会在女性人与社会276

群体中变成一种潮流趋势

32022年全国甲卷C篇Ginni从小就热爱旅游，后来机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行，人与自然301

并留下了深刻的印象

42021年全国甲卷C篇作者在不停的搬家过程中，从不适应到融入了当地的生人与社会321

活的一个过程

52020年新高考II卷B篇作者想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法，收集学生们带到人与社会288

学校的玩具，后来将其变成了现实

62020年全国甲卷D篇以时间顺序讲述作者不同暑期对图书馆的热爱人与自我334

一、选材特点

高考记叙文阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，涵盖了人物故事、社会文化等方面，符合

新课标人与自我、人与自然、人与社会三大主题语境，凸显语言与文化相结合，如2023年新高考I卷B篇

讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污

水。所选文章大都故事简单却立意深刻，体现了新课标立德树人的价值取向；2023年全国甲卷B篇，主要

讲述了一位DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势；2022年全

国甲卷B篇主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游，后来通过机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行，并留下了深刻的印象

的故事。2021年全国甲卷C篇，主要讲述了作者刚搬家到伦敦时，很不适应，但是有了一群志同道合的小伙

伴后,很快就融入了当地的生活。后来搬家到华盛顿，却找不到喜欢滑冰的人。重返伦敦后，作者经常到小时

候滑冰的地方走走看看，重温童年时光。2020年全国甲卷D篇，文章主要以时间顺序讲述作者不同暑期对

图书馆的热爱。

高考记叙文的篇幅一般都在28（）至350词左右，段落较多。文章语法结构多样化、表达方式灵活，常

用短语和平时不常见到的表达交织在文章中，使文章更加生动和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的难度，

如2023年全国甲卷B篇中的猜词题adabhand（高手）,2022年全国甲卷C篇中的flewihenesl（指年轻人离

开父母，开始独立生活）、hithom*2sb.（切中要害，使人接受），这些均为平时不常见的短语，需要学生通

过上下文灵活推测。

二、命题特点

教育部考试中心公布的《考试说明》对阅读理解要求做了明确的规定，主要考查学生以下能力：理解

主旨与要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本

结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。学生必须理解短文大意、文中重要信息点、作者观点，并深层理解

作者的态度和意图。全国卷的细节题较少，题目类型更多，如主旨题、推断题、词义推断题等，大部分题

目不能直接根据问题从文章中找到答案，更多考查对文章的深层理解。题干疑问词what出现频率最高,why、

which和how兼有但相对较少，题干长度有变长的趋势。选项长度较短，语法结构简单，但词汇量要求较高，

阅读理解很大一部分问题是对文中比较特别的表达内容的考查，阅读理解考查的重点是对原文的理解而非

复:杂选项之间的辨析。

三、解题策略

在做记叙文阅读理解题时，我们应该需要遵循三个原则：主旨原则、问题优先原则、证据原则。首先，

阅读理解的题目通常会围绕主旨或主线，违背主旨的选项一般不是正确答案；与主旨无关的选项或原文中

细枝末节的信息，即便选项内容正确，一般也不是正确答案。其次，在做阅读理解时，应先看问题，然后

带着问题，根据题干信息去文中寻找答案相关信息，将找到的信息源与选项进行匹配。如果看题干后立即

看选项，可能会被选项的众多信息所干扰，就会有先入为主的感觉，不利于正确理解文章内容，而且也不

容易记住选项信息。最后，在答题时一定要有证据意识，即所选答案一定都能从文章中找到信息源，切忌

根据自己的主观臆断和想法答题，或是根据常识判断，否则很容易失分。

除了主旨题、观点题、作者态度题以外的题目，大多数题目顺序的设计，与原文中各信息源要点顺序

一致。针对这些题FI,可以采用区间定位的方法，根据题干信息锁定相应的区间进行答题，一般会在文章

文字较多的段落设题，这样就可以给予更多信息，方便学生理解和答题。即使文章有个别区间没有理解，

不一定会影响其他题目的答题。下文将根据不同题型介绍相应的解题策略。

（一）细节题

细节题几乎是每•篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查学生对具体信息点的理解。

学生需要细心审题，使用定位法答题，即先看问题，关注题干中可以帮助定位的关键词（如时间、地名、

人物、重要的动词、名词、形容词等），同时还要关注疑问词（如what、how、why）,疑问词不同，信息

源的位置可能不同，或正确答案的特点不同。近年来细节题题干中的关键词往往会变换原文中的词汇和表

达，需要学生平时积累词汇表达，理解语法现象。

1.有些细节题可以直接根据题干中的关键词定位到原文，找到选项的同义替换。

【精准定位】根据题干关键词定位是最快速、有效的方法，学生需在平时训练时，培养精准找出关键

词的能力。

2.有些细节题的题干使用了原文信息的同义表达，因此需要识别题干中的同义表达，然后定位到原文，

选择原文的同义转换。

【精准定位】识别题干中的同义表达的前提是熟悉文章，因此建议快速阅读文章，大致了解文章信息

点的分布，这样可以对题干中的同义表达更敏感、更容易上手。

3.有些细节题可以根据题干美键词快速定位，然后对定位处进行深层理解，正确选项能根据原文总结

概括得到。

【精准定位】阅读理解中的正确答案往往是原文信息的同义替换或总结概括，而正确理解信息源是前

提。

（二）推断题

推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑

和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，

而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。

【精准定位】比喻、对比、举例等特殊表达处往往是考点，学生在阅读原文时要留意这必地方。区间

定位是快速定位的重要手段之■，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较

多的题。

（三）词义推断题

词义推断题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代

关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大

词汇量。此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：

1.利用构词法

积累英语词汇中的前缀、后缀和词根的含义，进而能准确推测出相互组合形成的整体词义，但这种方

法仅限于对一些白诃根诃缀的单诃的考查。

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeople

weremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?

Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.He

decidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,heconstructed

aseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbrought

backsomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaitec.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegot

usedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthecco-machinctookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eati（!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage

（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,a

cityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldcsign,,isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfbrthe

inventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenew

systemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedrobeadoclo匚

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwalertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自

然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。

【24题】C细节理解题。根据第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhis

house,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthrough

plantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderif（hisprocesscouldbe

usedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaki咚（当约翰・托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，

观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清

澈。长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱）''以及第二段“Aflerstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycan

certainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大学学习了

农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？

哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。

【25题】D细节理解题。根据笫三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedihesludge.（几个星期后，约翰把污泥加

T进去）”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge

asfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewaler.（他对结果感

到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净

水）''可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。

【26题】B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopeda

greenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600hemesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedan

eco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheaslChina.（这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他

开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁

中国东南部城市福州的运河水）''可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B,

【27题】A推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.

Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair（你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生

什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复:的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。

（2023年全国英语甲卷）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

B

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecing

togetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,

accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwasrewardedwith£5inpocketmoney.She

says:'TmsureIwasn'tmuchofahelptostartwithpaintingtheroomsandpullingdowntheflooringthroughout

thehouse.Ittookweeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.^^

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth.SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfrom

losinganydepositwhenatenancy（租期）comestoanend.Sheadds:"I'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalways

liketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures.So,it'sbeenuscfiiltoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepainta

roomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.”

WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytotakeonDIYprojectsoverthatcomingweeks,newresearchshowsthatmore

thanhalfofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong,warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.Theaverage

spendperprojectwillbearound£823.Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.Twofifth

wishtoincreasethevalueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasmalehobby,theresearch

showsitiswomennowleadingthecharge.

24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand5'inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

25.WhydidTerri'sgrandfathergiveher£5aday?

A.Forabirthdaygift.B.Asatreatforherwork.

C.TosupportherDIYprojects.D.Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.

26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?

A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.

C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.

27.WhattrendinDIYdoestheresearchshow?

A.Itisbecomingmorecostly.B.Itisgettingmoretime-consuming.

C.Itisturningintoaseasonalindustry.D.Itisgainingpopularityamongfemales.

【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女

性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。

【24题】C词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogether

furniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.（她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别

人做她自己能做的工作户可推知，此处指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“Aspecialist（一位专业人员）”

最接近画线短语“adabhand”的意思。故选C。

[25]B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.

Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwas

rewardedwith£5inpocketmoney.（她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商DerekLloyd0从六岁起，现

年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到/5英镑零花钱的奖励）”以及Tttook

weeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.（这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰

苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲户可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓

励。故选B。

[26题]A细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So,it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroom

toavoidanychargeswhenPvcmovedout.（所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重.新粉刷房间以避免任

何费用是很有用的）“可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。

故选Ao

【27题】D细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“IheresearchshowsiliswomennowleadingIhecharge（研究表

明，现在是女性主导了这项运动）”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。

三、最新模拟试题

（1）

（2023•江苏南京•南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）

Wewerestandingalthetoporachurchlower.Isawtwistingstreetsleadingtothesquare.<4See,mydear,“

Fathersaidgently.uThereismorethanonewaytothesquare.”

Father'swordsalwaysguidedme.Dreamingofbecomingafashiondesigner,IcametoParis,butwithoutluck.

ThenonedayImetafriendwearingabeautifulsweater.44Whataninterestingstitch!”Icried.uItwasdonebyMrs.

Vidian/'myfriendexplained.uShclearnedthestitchinArmenia,hernativecountry."Suddenly1hadadaringidea.

Whynotdesign,makeandsellmyownclothes?

IdrewabutterflypatternandaskedMrs.Vidiantokniiitintoasweater.Itprovedasuccess.ANewYorkstore

wanted40sweaterstobereadyintwoweeks.Iaccepted(heorder.Myhappinessdisappeared,however,whenMrs.

Vidian(oldmeittookheralmostaweektoknitonesweater.

Iwascnished.ThenIremerrberedfather'swords.TheremustbeotherArmenianwomeninPariswho

masteredthespecialstitch.ThenIsearchedforanyArmenianslivinginParis.AtlastItrackeddownseveral.Two

weekslater,thefirstshipmentwasonitswaytotheUnitedStates!

Fromthatdayonorderspouredin.Thencameanothertest.AsIwasbusygettingreadytoshowmywinter

fashions,thesewinggirlswerecalledoutonstrike.Wherewas(hewayoutthislime?Iwonderedandworried.

Thenitdawnedonme.

Iworkedhurriedly.Andrightontime,myshowtookplace.Somecoatshadnosleeves;somewereonly

patternsmadeofheavycottoncloth,butontheseIattachedmaterialtoshowwhatcolorsandtexturestheclothes

wouldhavewhentheywerefinishcc.Whatashow!Onceagainfather'swordshelpedme.

1.Whatproblemdidthewriterfaceafteracceptingtheorder?

A.ItwasimpossibleforVidian(omeetthedeadline.

B.Thesewinggirlswerecalledoutonstrike.

C.ShefoundithardtotrackArmenianslivinginParis.

D.Therewasashortageofsuitablecloth.

2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thefirstshipmcnf,refertoinParagraph4?

A.Rawmaterials.B.Moreorders.C.Thefortysweaters.D.Thespecialstitch.

3.Howdidthewriterdealwiththeshowproblem?

A.Sheputofftheshow.B.Sheshowedtheclothesunfinished.

C.Sheemployedmoresewinggirls.D.Shecompleted(heclothesinahurry.

4.Whichofthefollowingmightthewriteragreewith?

A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Likefather,likeson.

C.Easiersaidthandone.D.AllroadsleadtoRome.

⑵

（2023•江苏镇江•江苏省馍江第•中学统考二模）

EugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric（Fl球层的）physicsfor（hepasthalfcentury,passed

awaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.

Hailed（誉为）asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,Parkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesun

anditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthatt4lhefieldofheliophysics

existsinlargepartbecauseofD匚EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthe

launchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.

Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,a

continuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbecomeviolent,causingspaceweatherthat

impactstheEarth.WhenParker'sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism（，怀

疑）andridiculebythescientificcommunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswas

anabsolutevacuum（真空），andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyor

hiscalculations,andtheIheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenus

revealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.

ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingnewor

innovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou'rewrong,youwanttobethefirstoneto

knowthat."Parkerneverco-authorcdapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.

Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn'tgetarealfeel

forwhata'bigdog'ourdadwasinthefield."TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker'sdeath,

theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafbordPrizeinAstronomy.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.

B.ThesunhaslesseffectsonEarhthanexpected.

C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.

D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.

2.WhydidpeopleviewParker'stheoryof“solarwind,5skepticallya:first?

A.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.

B.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.

C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.

D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.

3.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?

A.Seekclosecooperation.B.Avoidhighexpectations.

C.Learnbytrialanderror.D.Competeagainstothers.

4.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?

A.Straightforwardandgenerous.B.Responsibleandaccessible.

C.Intelligentyetconservative.D.Distinguishedyetmodest.

（3）

（2023•浙江•德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）

ElianaYidreamedofpursuingpianoperformanceincollege,nevermindthatherfingerscouldbarelyreach

thelengthofanoctave（八度音阶）.UnabletofullyplaymanyworksbyRomantic-eracomposers,including

BeethovenandBrahms,shetriedanyway-andinherdeterminationtospendhourspracticingoneofChopin's

compositionswhichisknownforbeing“stretchy"，woundupinjuringherself.

“Iwouldjustgotopieces.^^theSouthernMethodistUniversityjuniorrecalled."Therewerejusttoomany

octaves.IwonderedwhetherIwasjustgoingtoplayBachandMozartfbrtherestofmyli住

TheeffortsofSMUkeyboardstudieschairCarolLeonearechangingallthat.Twentyyearsago,theschool

becamethefirstmajoruniversityintheU.S.toincorporatesmallerkeyboardsintoitsmusicprogram,levelingthe

playingfieldforYiandotherpianomajors.

Yireflectedonthefirsttimeshetriedoneofthesmallerkeyboards:rememberbeingreallyexcitedbecause

myhandscouldactuallyreachandplayalltherightnotes,“shesaid.Eversince,“Ihaven'thadasingleinjury,and

IcanpracticeaslongasIwant.^^

Fordecades,fewquestionedthesizeoftheconventionalpiar.o.Ifsomeone'shandspanwaslessthan8.5

inches—thedistanceconsideredidealtocomfortablyplayanoctave—well,that'sjusthowitwas.

Thosewhoattempt“stretchy“passageseithergetusedtoomittingnotesorrisktendon（腱）injurywith

repeatedplay.Leoneisfamiliarwithsuchchallenges.Bornintoafamilyofjazzmusicians,sheinsteadfavored

classicalmusicandpursuedpianodespitehersmallhandspanandearnedadoctorateinmusicalarts.

AfewyearsafterjoiningSMU'smusicfacultyin1996,thedecoratedpianistreadanarticleinPianoand

Keyboardmagazineabout（hesmallerkeyboards.AsLeonewouldlaterwrite,（hediscoverywouldcompletely

renewherlifeandcareer.

In2000.shereceivedagranttoretrofitadepartmentSteinwaytoaccommodateasmallerkeyboard,andthe

benefitswereimmediate.Inadditiontorelievinginjurycausedbyoverextendedfingers,shesaid,itgavethosewith

smallerspanstheabilitytoplayclassiccompositionstakenforgrantedbylarger-handedcounterparts.

Smallerkeyboardsinstillmanywithnewconfidence.It'snottheirownlimitationsthathaveheldthemback,

theyrealize;it'sthelimitationsoftheinstrumentsthemselves.Forthosedevotedtoalifeofmakingmusic,it'sasif

acloudhassuddenlylifted.

1.Whatis（hesimilaritybetweenElianaYiandCarolLeone?

A.Theirinterestinjazzextendedtoclassicalmusic.

B.Shorthandspanusedtorestric:theirmusiccareer.

C.TheybothjoinedSMU'smusicfacultyyearsago.

D.Romantic-cracomposers'musicwaseasyfbrthem.

2.WhydidSMUinitiateanefforttoscaledownthepiano?

A.Toreducethenumberofoctaves.B.ToincorporateBachintoitsmusicprogram.

C.Toprovidefairopportunitiesfbrpianomajors.D.Toencouragepianiststospendmorehourspracticing.

3.HowdidYiprobablyfeelwhensheplayedtheretrofittedpiano?

A.Confident.B.Frustrated.C.Challenging.D.Determined.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhoQualifiesasanIdealPianist?B.TraditionalorInnovativePiano?

C.Hard-workingPianistsPaysoffD.TheStorybehindRetrofittedPianos

（4）

（2022.浙江・浙江大学附属中学校考模拟预测）

ThatyoungstersweregluedtoonlinegamesontheirsmartphoneswasagreatconcernforNgurangMeena,a

schoolteacherinNirjuli.The30-year-oldsocialscienceteacher,whorantheNgurangLearningInstitute,anadult

literacycentre,saidthatshefeltdisheartenedwhenshereadstudentpapers.44Thcgraphofstudentperformanceis

fallingeveryyear.ItbreaksmyheartwheneverIseeanswersheets—basicgrammarskillsarcmissingandthere's

anabsenceofanycohesive（连贯的）expression.Theylackguidanceandtheirreadingcultureisalmostzero,“

Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodo

somethingtoaddresstheproblem.

InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassome

benchesonthesideoftheroadinNiijulion30August2020,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.The

selectionsincludedmotivationalbooks,biographiesandnovelsaswellascomicsforyoungchildren.UIhaveto

pleasetheminorswithsweetstositandread,butthatisokay,“shelaughed.

Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswhospenthoursinthereadingcorner.Withintwomonths,

hereffortbecamethetalkofthetown.

Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceivingrequeststosetup

suchlibrariesinotherpartsofthestate,includingoneinthecapital,Itanagar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfrom

(hemaintown,shealsolendsbooksout(othosewhowanttoreadalhome.

“Ineverthoughtthatthiswouldbecomesuchabiginspiration,,,Meenasaid."Sincechildhood,wehavebeen

toldthatbooksareourbestfriends.Thenextgenerationofkidsisfocusedongamesandotherthings.Idon'twant

themtoheadonthewrongtrack,“sheadded.

1.What'stheaimofMeena'sreadingprogram?

A.Tocareforyoungsterslackinginreading.

B.Tohelpadultslearnsomecohesiveexpression.

C.TokeepNgurangLearningInstituterunningwell.

D.Tohighlight(heimportanceofreadingloradults.

2.WhatdidMeenadotoencourageyoungkidstoreadmore?

A.Sheofferedsomerewardstothem.B.Sheprovidedthemwithtransportation.

C.Shechosenovelswithbeautifulcovers.D.Sheselectedbookscoveringeverycategory.

3.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMeena'slibraries?

A.Smallanduseless.B.Influentialandmeaningful.

C.Largebutimpractical.D.Widespreadbutunwelcome.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Books：SourcesofKnowledgeB.TheRoadsideReadingCorner

C.TheLibrary：anIdealplacefortheYoungD.NewIdeasaboutSettingaReadingPlan

(5)

(2023•山东•山东省实验中学校考一模)

Mymother-in-lawaskedmetoclimbamountaininherruralvillage.Wewentthroughtallandweedyexpanse

ofgrass,pullingourselvesupwiththehelpofsmoothbambootrees.Weatheredgrayrocksdottedtracksonly

visibletoanexperiencedhiker.Theviewwewererewardedwithhalfwayupthemountain,fixingoureyesupon

thecolorfulpiecesoffieldsandwhi:ewashedhomessetagainstthedeepgreenhillsandaskysobluethatitlooked

digitallypolished,wasasidebenefitofbeingthere.

Oureyesweremostlyonthewildeatableplantsthatgrewonthemountainside.Wefirstcameuponthewild

mountainbamboo,aplantthatwas(hemainpartinmymother-in-law'ssaltedbambooshootsthat,oncepreserved.

couldbeusedallyearlongincooking.Alongtheway,wealsoencounteredanotherpreciouswildfood一

fiddleheadfems(蕨菜).Thosedelicateleaves,whenstir-fired,wereatastytreat.OnceIhadpurchasedfiddleheads

atamarketintheUS.Yettherewewere,pickingthisprizedvegetableonourown,withonlyourlaborasthecost.

Whatwehadcollectedthatafternoonlookedthesameasanyotherwildmountainbambcoshootsand

fiddleheadfemsIhadseenbeforeinmymother-in-law'skitchen.Andyet.(heyfeltdifferenttomebecauseIhad

usedm