杂合语言的翻译研究-《喜福会》两个中译本的对比分析

PAGEHybridLanguageinTranslation——ComparisonoftheTwoChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClub杂合语言的翻译研究——《喜福会》两个中译本的对比分析

HYBRIDLANGUAGEINTRANSLATION——COMPARISONOFTHETWOCHINESEVERSIONSOFTHEJOYLUCKCLUBByChenXueTianAthesissubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfortheB.A.degreeinSchoolofForeignLanguages,GuangdongUniversityofTechnologyMay2019PAGEivAcknowledgmentsMycollegelifeinGuangdongUniversityofTechnologyalmostcomestoanend.ThefouryearsIspendherearecolorfulandsubstantial.ThelearningoflanguageskillsandmymajorbusinessEnglishbothopenalargewindowformetoexplorethebusinessfieldandmakememorecompetitivewhenIstepintothejobmarket.Meanwhile,IalsobemoreopenmindedandoutgoingbecausethecoursesettinginSchoolofForeigninGDUT,whereIenjoythebeautyofEnglishliteratureandexperiencetheinsidehumanityaccomplishment.Firstandforemost,Iameagertoexpressmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.LiJun.Fromthedeterminationofthetopictotherevisionofthisthesis,Ms.Lihasgivenmesomanyvaluablesuggestionsandilluminatinginstructions,whichhasaccompaniedmethroughoutmythesiswriting.WithoutMs.Li’sconsiderateinstructionandinsightfulcriticism,maybeIcannotcompletewritingthisthesissosmoothly.Secondly,IalsofeelindebtedtoeveryteacherinSFLofGDUT,fortheabundantlessonstheyhavegivenhavehelpedmecultivatemyawarenessofexploringandlearnthebasicmethodofthesiswriting.Here,IwanttoexpressmygratitudetoMs.ChiGuiminandLaiXiaoyu,bothareveryniceandcarefulthattheypointedoutmymistakeswhenIstartedtosettledownmythesistopic.Lastbutnotleast,Iamgratefultomydearclassmates,mygoodfriendsandmylovingfamily.AllofthemhavegivenmealotofencouragementsandsupportwhenIcameacrossdifficultiesduringmythesiswriting.

AbstractThepublicationofTheJoyLuckClub(1989)hascausedagreatinfluence.Inthiswork,theauthortellsusthestoryoffourimmigrantfamiliesintheidentityofAmericanChinesedescendants,whichreflectsthecollisionofChineseandAmericanthoughtsandcultures.Atthesametime,PinyinandChinglisharebothwidelyusedinthisnovel,whichiscalledthehybridityoflanguage.ThehybridityoflanguageisadistinctivefeatureinAmericanChineseliterature,andhybridlanguageistheproductofthemutualcollisionofdifferentlanguagesandcultures.Thenatureandfunctionoftranslationalsoprovetheinevitabilityandnecessityofhybridity.Therefore,dealingwiththetranslationofthehybridlanguageinsuchworksisalsothekeytothesuccessofitsChinesetranslation.Theauthorofthisthesiswillusethetheoryofhybridityandpostcolonialtheoryasthetheoreticalsupport,selectthecooperativetranslationversionofLiJunandZhangLi,andChengNaishan'sversiontomakeastudyandfindabalancebetweenatranslationstrategyandanalienationtranslationstrategy.Keywords:TheJoyLuckClub,hybridlanguage,comparison,translation

摘要《喜福会》（1989）一经出版就引起了巨大的反响。在这部作品中，作家谭恩美以美籍华人后裔的身份讲述了四对华裔母女的故事，体现了中美思想文化上的碰撞，同时更是广泛使用了拼音和中式英语等杂合成分，这种现象称为语言的杂合现象。语言的杂合是美国华裔文学中的一个鲜明的特点，而杂合语言是不同语言文化相互交流相互碰撞的产物，翻译的本质与作用也证明了杂合存在的必然性和必要性。因此，处理好翻译好此类作品中的杂合语言也是其汉译成功的关键。本文作者将运用杂合理论和后殖民理论为理论支持，选取李军和章力的合译本，以及程乃珊的译本研究《喜福会》翻译中存在的杂合现象进行翻译的对比研究，在归化翻译策略和异化翻译策略之间寻找一种平衡。。关键词：《喜福会》；杂合语言；对比；翻译

Contents目录Acknowledgments iAbstract iiContents ivChapterOneIntroduction 11.1AmyTanandTheJoyLuckClub 11.2LayoutofThisThesis 2ChapterTwoLiteratureReview 52.1StudiesonChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClub 52.2StudiesonHybridityinTranslationStudies 62.3TheoreticalLiteratureReview 82.3.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofPost-colonialism 82.3.2RepresentativesofPost-colonialism 92.3.3AnintroductiontoHomiBhabhaandhishybridity 92.3.4ThreeAspectsofHybridity 10ChapterThreeHybridityinTwoChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClub 123.1HybridityintheSourceText 123.2HybridityandTranslation 133.3.1LexicalHybridity:usageofpinyin 153.3.2SyntaxHybridity:HybridEnglishandChinglish 173.3.3FolkCustomandChinesePhilosophy 193.3.4IdiomsandLiteraryQuotation 21ChapterFourConclusion 23References 25PAGE25ChapterOneIntroduction1.1AmyTanandTheJoyLuckClubTheJoyLuckClubtellsusastorybetweenfourimmigrantfamilies,especiallythemothersandthedaughters.TheMother-Daughterthemeisahighlightedcharacteristicthatcannotbeignoredinthisnovel.WhenthemothersimmigratetoAmerica,theyareforcedtospeakEnglishfortheirsurvivalbygivinguptheirmothertongueChinese,whiletheirdaughtersareborninAmericaandspeakingEnglishquitefluently.Itisunavoidableforthesetwogenerationstohavesomecommunicationbarriers.Formothers,aftertheymovedtoAmerica,Chinaturnstobeaplacewhichisfarawayfromthemandamixtureofrealityanddream.TheyhavetriedtorebuildtheirnewChinesehomeinthisnewland.Theyplayedmahjongtogether,talkingmostlyaboutsometrivialitiesandpersonalthings,showingconcerntoeachother.Inthissmallcommunity,theycanspeakChinesefreely.However,fortheirdaughters,Chineseistheirsecondlanguage.Eventhoughthedaughterscanunderstandthewordsperfectly,theycannotcatchtheunderlyingmeaning.Itishardforthemtoreallyunderstandeachother.Acomprehensiondiscrepancyissoconspicuouslypresentedinthisnovelwhentheauthorconveysthemother-daughtertheme.ThemostconspicuouscharacteristicinTheJoyLuckClubistheusageofhybridlanguage,theextensiveapplicationofpinyin,whichcanbeseeninawordorevenawholesentence.AndusuallyitisexplainedbyaformalEnglishexpression.Significantly,thepresenceofpinyininthisEnglishnovelisnotarandomoccurrencebutadeliberatearrangementofunusualingenuity.Thespecialformofelaboratingsomeoftheplotsbyusingpinyinalsoconveystheauthor’sunderlyingmeaningandculturalidentity.AmyTanisthesecond-generationimmigrantofChineseorigin.ShelivedintheUnitedStatesfromayoungage.AlthoughshehasthebloodoftheChinese,sheisdeeplyinfluencedbythemainstreamAmericanculture,whichgivesherasenseofpsychologicalsuperiority.Ontheonehand,shehasalotofmisunderstandingsaboutChinesetraditionalculture.TheChineseimageinAmyTan'snovelsisatypicalimageinChineseAmericanliterature.TheformationofthisChineseimagehasprofoundsocialandculturalreasons.HermotherhastoldhermanystoriesaboutChina.AndAmyTan’sunderstandingofChinaisalsoduetoherfamilyandChinesecommunities,whichpossessdifferentbackgroundsandspeakvariousdialects.ThiswillinevitablybiasherunderstandingofChinesesociety.Ontheotherhand,AmyTanalsoshowedtheexcellentsideofChinesetraditionalcultureandspreadittoWesternsociety.TheJoyLuckClubissuchanexcellentliteraryworkwithhybridlanguagefeaturesthatreflectstheauthor'sculturalidentity.1.2LayoutofThisThesisThisthesiswillanalyzethehybridlanguageofthetwoChineseversionsofTheJoyLuckClubfromtheperspectiveofpost-colonialismandHomiBhabha’shybridity.Withtheaimofexploringit,thispapermainlyadoptsthemethodsofqualitativeandquantitativeresearch,inwhichdescription,contrastandstatisticaldataareutilized.Firstly,itisthedescriptivemethod,whichisatraditionalwaytodepicttheexistingfactsbyunderstandingandverification.Thismethodhasbecomepopularbecauseofthevariousexamplesandpowerfulsurveys,whichisrelatedtopeople’sdailylifeandeasytobeunderstood.Secondly,contrastisamethodthatwillanalyzetwoobjectsaccordingtosomecertainstandards,inwhichthedifferencesandthesimilaritiesofthetwoobjectscanbetoldthroughcomparisonandcontrast.Thirdly,itisthequantitativeresearch,whichwillanalyzeandexplainsomephenomenabyusingsomeconcretestatisticstoconvincethereaders.Inthefollowingpart,I’llapplythesethreemethodstoanalyzethehybridlanguageintranslationofthetwoChineseversionsofTheJoyLuckClub.Thisthesisconsistsoffourchapters.Chapteroneisanintroduction,mainlyintroducingtheplotsofTheJoyLuckClub,includingculturalconflictsandculturaldiscrepancy,themostconspicuouscharacteristicofthisnovel,whichisthehybridlanguage.Atthesametime,thebackgroundofthenovel’sauthorisalsomentionedinthissectiontohelpreadershaveabetterunderstandingaboutwhytherearesomanyhybridlanguagesintheoriginaltext.Andofcourse,thelayoutofthisthesis.Chaptertwoisaliteraturereview.ThefindingofthisthesisisbasedonthepreviousstudiesoftheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClub.TheversionsofTheJoyLuckClubwillalsobeintroducedinthischapter.Andthischaptercomprisesthetheoreticalliteraturereview,whichrevealsthetheoriesthatthisthesiswillapply,theyarethepost-colonialismandthehybridtheories.Chapterthreeistheanalyzingpartofthisthesis.Afterabriefintroductionofthehybridphenomenon,thetranslationstrategiesoftwoChineseversionswillberevealed,andmanyexampleswillbeusedtohelpunderstandwhatthehybridlanguageis.Thefinalpartistheconclusionofthethesis.Throughtheanalysisintheabovechapters,theauthorconcludesthathybridityisthenaturecharacteristicsoftranslation.Untilnow,thereisnoperfecttranslationmethod.Therefore,thereshouldbeacompromisebetweenforeignizationstrategyanddomesticationstrategy,andthedisputebetweenthemoughttobesettled.Withtheentryofpost-colonialismtheoryintoChinain1980s,thestudyontranslationhasgainitspopularity.Itiswelcomedbymanytheoristsfromdifferentcountries,andHomiBhabhaisoneoftherepresentatives,whohasdonealotinthepost-colonialismandhybridity.Manyresearchesonhybridityintranslationhavebeencarriedouttoemphasizethecloserelationshipbetweenhybridlanguageandculture,thetranslationactivitiesandthetranslationstrategy.However,fewresearcheshavebeenconductedonhybridityintranslationfromthetheoreticalaspect.Inaddition,theanalysisofhybridityinaspecifictranslatedtextisrarelycarriedout.Thus,theauthorattemptstomakeastudyonhybridlanguageintranslationbasedonpost-colonialismtheoryandhybriditytheory.AmyTan’swork,TheJoyLuckClubwasablockbusterafteritspublicationin1989.TheauthorofthisthesiswillanalyzeitshybriditybymakingacomparisonbetweenitstwoChineseversion.What’smore,thispaperattemptstoassumethatdomesticationandforeignizationaretwoindispensablestrategieswhentranslating,becauseneitherofthemisperfectandcanbeappliedexclusively,throughwhich,it’llrevealthenatureoftranslationandmakethereadersjudgemoreobjectivelyinthetranslationofhybridtext.

ChapterTwoLiteratureReviewThischapterisdesignedtoreviewpreviousstudiesaboutthehybridlanguagetranslationofTheJoyLuckClub.Somerelevanttheoriesandsignificantscholarswillbediscussedinthischapter.2.1StudiesonChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClubBasedonthecatalogueoftheChinaNationalLibrary,therearefourChinesetranslationsofTheJoyLuckClub,includingthreekindsinMainlandChinaandoneinTaiwan.Thepublicationtimeisin1992(TianQingtranslation),1992(ChengNaishantranslation),2016(LiJuntranslation).Amongthem,Cheng’sversionwasreprintedin1999,2006,and2010.Aftercomparison,the2006and2010versionsarebasicallythesame,exceptseveralsmallchanges.Theauthorsbelievethatbothtranslationsreflectthetranslator'snewtranslationstrategy.TheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClubhasgonethroughnearly25years,whichcoincideswithChina'sreformandopeningpolicyandparticipationintherhythmofglobalization.ThereissomuchbrokenEnglishinTheJoyLuckClub,liketheChinglishandtheforcedimplantationofPinyin,whichcausesalargequantityofhybridcomponentofthisnovel’slanguage.After25years,whetherthehybridlanguagethatsignalstheauthor’simmigrantculturalidentitycanstillberespectedandrepresentedtothereadersmattersalot.Whendealingwiththiskindoflanguage,differenttranslatorswillchoosedifferenttranslationstrategies.Fortheprocessingmethodofhybridlanguage,ChengNaishanmostlyadoptsthestrategyofdomesticationtranslation(in2010),andthelanguageissmoothandgrounded,buttoacertainextent,itignorestheparticularityofChinesewriterswritingChineseculture,andtherearecertainmistranslations.ThelatesttranslationistheChinesetranslationofLiJunandZhangLiin2016(hereinafterreferredtoas“Litranslated”).Comparedwithothertranslations,"Litranslated"hasmoreflexibleuseofthetwotranslationstrategiesof"domesticationtranslation"and"foreignizationtranslation",andretainstheoriginalauthor'slanguagestyletoalargeextent,reflectingtheauthor'soriginalculturalidentity.Forexample,whentranslating“Youneverrise.Lazytogetup.Laytorisetoexpectation.”,"Litranslated"islikethat“你从来都不奋起努力，懒得这么做，也懒得朝预期的目标去努力。”WhileChengNaishan’stranslationis“你的毛病恰巧就是不肯向上”.Li’sversionretainsthekeymeaningoftheoriginaltextandtranslatesitintofluentEnglish.AsforChengNaishan,shedeletesandsimplifiestheoriginaloneandshealsodoesn’tremaintheformoftheshortsentence.2.2StudiesonHybridityinTranslationStudiesInrecentyears,thedomesticstudiesontheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClubfocusesontheChinesecultureandthehybridlanguage.Whenchoosingthetranslation,themainstreamisthatseveraltranslationswillbechosenatthesametimetomakeacomprehensiveanalysis.Andfewscholarswillonlychooseaversionastheirresearchobjects.Whenchoosingtheresearchperspectives,mostofthescholarsfavorthebacktranslation,thepost-colonialism,thetranslator’ssubjectivityandsoon.WhenitcomestotheoverseasstudyonTheJoyLuckClub,theresearchersmainlyconcentrateonthemother-daughtertheme,thecharacters’culturalidentityetc.ThereisnosuchstudyonitsChinesetranslationabroad.AccordingtostatisticsoftheChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure,thenumberofthebacktranslationstudiesontheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClubisabout12.Asfortheresearchobjects,11ofthethesesarebasedonthecomprehensivestudiesoftheseveraltranslations,whicharetranslatedbyTianQing,ChengNaishan,YuRenrui(Taiwan).Forexample,ChenYanmin(2009)adoptedthemethodofdescriptiveanalysisandmadeacomprehensivestudyonthe“RomanPinyinandliteraltranslation”,“Chinglishsentencegroup”,and“propernounandculturaltranslation”,whichisbasedonthefourChinesetranslationsofTheJoyLuckClub.ThiskindofbacktranslationstudyprovidesanewresearchingperspectiveforthestudyofChinesetranslationoftheChineseAmericanliterature,callingonthedomesticacademiccirclestopayattentiontothiskindofoverseasimmigrantgroupswhichhavesomekinshipwithChineseculture.LuoShuaiNan(2013)hasmadeasynchronicanddiachronicstudyfromtheperspectiveofRewritingTheory"inthecontextofthe"culturalturn"inthefieldoftranslationstudies,thatisinhispaper"ResearchingtheFourChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClub.ItregardsLefevere'srewritingtheoryastheframeworkfortheUnitedStates.AndthefourChinesetranslationsarethetwotranslationsofthemainlandtranslatorChengNaishanin1999and2006,andtheTaiwanesetranslatorYuRenruiin1990and2008.Luodiscoveredthatthesefourtranslationsarecarriedoutinaspecifichistoricalandculturalenvironment,whicharetheproductsofspecificideology,poeticsandsponsors,andthesesocialandculturalfactorsareexpressedondifferentlevelsoflanguage.Theinfluencethatcomesoutisnotthesameexactly.Inaddition,HuangYue(2016)'s"ComparativeStudyoftheThreeTranslationsofTheJoyLuckClubisastudyofTheJoyLuckClubfromtheperspectiveofdiachronicresearch.HuangYuediscoveredthatthethreeChinesetranslationsofTheJoyLuckClubhavedifferentreactionsinthefaceofEnglishwrittenbyChineseandthestrongculturerepresentedbehindthem.Tian(1992)translatedtheoriginaltextinthewayoftransliterationofChinesecharacters,andthedirecttranslationofEnglishwordsappearedinthetranslation.Cheng(2010)hasimplantedtheEnglishwordsintothetranslationdirectly.Onthebasesoftheresultsandshortcomingsofthefirsttwotranslations,Li’stranslationmaintainstheculturalself-confidenceofChineselanguagetoacertainextentbymeansoftransliterationofChinesecharacters,andhelpsthereadersoftheChineseworldtounderstandbymeansoffootnoteinterpretation.ZhouZijun(2016)hasmentionedinherthesisthatthetranslationcomparisoncanexplainthedifficultiesfacedbythetranslatorinthetranslationprocess,andcanalsoprovidesometranslationstrategiesworthconsidering.Intheprocessofcomparingtranslations,ZhouZijunalwaystakes"culturalturn"asthestartingpoint,analyzesdifferenttranslationsbasedonthefourelementsofSusanBassath'sculturaltranslationview,andcomparesthemfromaculturalperspective.ZhoucomparedthetwoChinesetranslationsofTheJoyLuckClubfromtheperspectiveofculturetoanalyzewhetherthetranslationstrategiesandthetranslationconveythetheoriginalideaandachievethepurposeoftranslation.What’smore,WenQian’s(2009)post-graduatethesiscomprehensivelyappliedtheconceptof"hybridity"inpostcolonialtheoryandEvenZohar'spolysystemtheorytoanalyzethetranslationstrategyoftheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClub.ByanalyzingthedifferenttranslationstrategiesoftheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClubonthetwoaspectsoflanguageandculture,WenQianprovidesthebasicmethodoftranslatingsuchhybridtexts.IntheprocessofresearchingtheChinesetranslationoftheChineseAmericanliterature.Onlyifwerefertotheinnovationofthepredecessorsandthedeficienciesofthem,wecanmakegreatprogress.Therefore,thisthesiswillfocusonChengNaishan’sversionandLiJun’sversiontohaveadeeperanalysisofthehybridlanguageintheChinesetranslationofTheJoyLuckClub.2.3TheoreticalLiteratureReviewTheaimofthissectionistodepictthetheoreticalofpost-colonialismandHomiBhabha’shybridity.Thepost-colonialismwillberepresentedfromthreeaspects:itsorigin,recentdevelopmentandabriefintroductionofitsrepresentatives.Inaddition,thereisadeeperdescriptionaboutHomiBhabhaandhishybridity2.3.1TheoriginanddevelopmentofPost-colonialism“Owingtotheexpansionoftheterritory,thehegemonicpowersbegintoexpandtheircoloniesandthentheanti-colonizationemerges.Ingeneral,thepost-colonialismoriginsfromtheanti-colonizationfrom1950sto1960s;itgetsattentionin1970sinwesternandwinsitspopularityfrom1980sto1990s”(ShengAnfeng,2011:4)Thepost-colonialismfocusesonthediscourseanalysisbetweenthesuzerainandthecolony,racialism,culturalimperialism,culturalpower,aswellastheculturalidentityafterthecolonialperiod.Itcanbedividedintothreestages.Publishedin1952,FrantzFanon’sBlackSkin,WhiteMarkssignalsthebeginningthepost-colonialism.Later,OrientalismofEdwardSaidhassuccessfullyarousedthescholars’attentionathomeandabroad,whichenrichesthetheoryitself.Afterthat,therelatedresearchhascometoarapiddevelopment.Finally,thetheoryextendsandpenetratestomanyfields,suchasinternationalrelations,comparativeliteraturesaesthetics,dramaandsoon.2.3.2RepresentativesofPost-colonialismEdwardSaid,GayatriC.SpivakandHomiBhabhaarecalledtheHolyTrinityofthepost-colonialism(ShengAnfeng,2011:2)EdwardSaidwasborninJerusalem.HisworkOrientalismhasdiscussedthewesterncountries’colonization.SaidnotonlyregardstheEastasadiscourse,butalsoheproposedtheconceptofhegemony.Inaddition,saidthinksthatitishegemonythatendowstheEastwithpoweranddurability.GayatriC.Spivak,borninIndia,worksasthevisitingprofessorofBeijingLanguageUniversitynow.Shepaysmoreattentiontofemale’svoiceandinterest,especiallythoseinthethirdworld.Shehasmadecontributionstofeminismandpost-colonialism,whichincludestwoaspects:colonialdiscourseandanti-discourse.AlthoughSaidhasexploredthecolonialdiscourseindepth,themaleidentityformshisscotoma.AndwhatcandistinguishSpivakfromSaidistheanti-discourseinthatSaidregardstheEastastheotherinsilence,whileSpivakdevotestoexploringthesoundofthemultitude.ThethirdrepresentativeoftheHolyTrinityisHomiBhabha,whowillbeintroducedindetailedinthefollowingpart.2.3.3AnintroductiontoHomiBhabhaandhishybridityHomiBhabhawasbornin1949inBombay,India,whodevotesalottothepost-colonialism.HismasterpiecesconsistofNationandNarrationandtheLocationofCulture.HomiBhabha’smotherwasborninafamilyofscholarsandwasfondofart,literatureandlanguage.Inaddition,hismotherisadevoutdiscipleoftheZoroastrianism.InsuchaZoroastrianfamily,thelifeandculturescomplywithhybridity.Therefore,HomiBhabhawasinfluenceddeeplybyhismotherandformedbrandnewperspectiveinacademicandcriticism.HomiBhabhaisdifferentfromtheformercolonialists.Forinstance,hedoubtsEdwardSaid’sOrientalismbecauseofhissinglenarrative.Heaimstodestroythebinaryoppositionbetweenthesubjectandtheobject,essenceandphenomenon,replacingthemintheconceptofcontradictionofcontradiction,splitandambiguity.Bhabhadisagreesthatthereissingleresistanceorthesingleacceptationoftheaboriginesunderthepostcolonialrules.Butheproposesitisacombinationofresistanceandcoexistenceinmanycases.Forexample,itseemsthattheaborigineshaveacceptedthecolonialrules,butitisnotassimpleasitlookslike.BecausethelocalsmightreadtheBiblebutthereishybridityatacertaindegree.2.3.4ThreeAspectsofHybridityManyscholarsintranslationbothathomeandabroadstudyhybridityintranslationmainlyfromthreeaspects:language,literatureandculture.(YangJiao,2016:12)HanZimaalsoholdstheviewthathybridityinvolvesthesethreeaspects,whichhasbeendiscussedandelaboratedinhisLiteratureTranslationandHybridity.Whenthereisverbalinteractionbetweenpeople,theyinevitablytouchdifferentlanguages,culturesandliterarymodelsofdifferentcountries,inwhichhybriditywillemergenaturallyandnecessarilyinthesethreeaspects.Intranslation,therearemanyexoticandungrammaticalsentencesorexpressioninatext,likethetransliteration,sensationswithobviousEnglishcharacteretc..Thesearecalledlanguagehybridity.Whenitcomestotheculturehybridity,itreferstosomeunfamiliarconcepts,images,custom,aphorism,coveringthereligion,foodandsoon.Thetargetreadersarenotfamiliarwiththem,forthereislimitedaccessforthemtouseintheirlives.Thus,itwillbeanexoticandfreshatmospherethere.Asfortheliteraturehybridity,itreferstothedifferentgenresandnarrativeskillsinwriting.Intheprocessoftranslation,withtheaimofcateringthereaders,thetranslatorsmaychoosetoreservetheoriginalornovelliteraryelements,byaddingsomeliterarycomponents.Thesethreeaspectsofhybridityareanorganicentiretyinsteadofisolateindividuals,whichaffectandpenetrateeachothertightly.Amongthem,languagehybridityisthemostobviousandfrequentone.Bycontrast,culturehybridityandliteraturehybriditywillbesometimesomittedduetotargetreaders’finiteknowledge.Withthisresearchofhybridityintheabovethreeaspects,itwillbereadilyforustojudgethedegreeofhybridityintranslation.

ChapterThreeHybridityinTwoChineseVersionsofTheJoyLuckClubThisthesiswillchoosetwoChineseversionsofTheJoyLuckClubindifferentperiodstoanalyzeitshybridity.OnewastranslatedbyChengNaishanin2010,theotherisjointlytranslatedbytheLiJunandZhangLiin2016.Thereasonwhychoosingthesetwoversionsisthat,whenitcomestothetranslationofthehybridlanguage,theformerusesthedomesticationtranslationstrategymorefrequently,whilethelatterusestheforeignizationtranslationstrategymoreoften,whichleadstotheirdifferentlanguagestyles.Inaddition,LiJunandZhangLi’sjointlytranslatedversionisthelatestoneanditpreservestheoriginallanguagestyletothegreatestextent.Thispaperwilldiscussthehybridityfromtheperspectiveofpost-colonialism.Comparatively,thehybridityinliteratureisnotsoobviousthanthehybridityinlanguageandculture,forboththeChineseversionsarewritteninthevernacular.Thus,thispaperwillfocusonhybridityoflanguageandculture.3.1HybridityintheSourceTextThoughAmyTanwasborninAmerican,shewasgreatlyinfluencedbyChineseculture.Sodoesherdailyconversationwithhermotherandherliteraturewriting.TherearetwomaincharacteristicsofthehybridityinthesourcetextofTheJoyLuckClub.Firstly,theusingofPinyininTheJoyLuckClubisconspicuous,whichmeanstheChinesetransliterationisusedinnarrativelanguage.Forexample,inthesourcetext,thereisoneparagraph“Hebelievedinhisnengkan，hisabilitytodoanythingheputhismindto.Mymotherbelievedshehadnengkantocookanythingmyfatherhadamindtocatch.……intheirnengkanthathadbroughtmyparentstoAmerica.”Inthistext,“nengkan”wasusedforthreetimesasaChinesepinyinexpression.Atthefirsttime,theauthorgaveanEnglishexplanation.Whenitappearedagain,itbecameaforeignlanguageexpression,whichcanhaveadeepimprintinthereader'sbrain.Therefore,forthetranslator,itisagreatneedtounderstandtheliterarycreator'sintentionsandtherearealsohigherrequirementsforthem.Onlybydoingthis,canthetranslatorstranslatehybridlanguageperfectlyandconveycompleteandaccurateinformationtothereaders.Secondly,theChinesetransliterationexpressionisdirectlyi