2026高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语课后习题专项能力提升文体分类练5　说明文之新概念类含答案

2026高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语课后习题专项能力提升文体分类练(五)说明文之新概念类Passage1(2025山东实验中学一模)主题:心理学之认知科学 词数:332难易度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟Imaginetryingtoconvincesomeonewithfactsthatchallengetheirlong-heldopinion,onlytofindthemdismissingorprocessingtheinformation.Thisisbeliefperseveranceatwork.Interestingly,thesebeliefsdon’tnecessarilystemfrompersonalexperience;forinstance,childrenmightbelieve“alllawyersareuntrustworthy”merelybecauseanoldersiblingsaidso,andthenignoreanytrustworthylawyerstheyencounterlater,categorizingthemasexceptions.Oftenconfusedwithconfirmationbias,beliefperseveranceisdistinct.Whileconfirmationbiasinvolvesseekingoutinformationthatsupportsone’spreconceptions,beliefperseveranceisaboutactivelyrejectingevidencethatcoulddisprovethosebeliefs,buildingapsychologicalbarrieraroundone’sexistingviews.Thisbiasemergesinmultipleforms.Intermsofself-perception,someonemightpersistentlyviewthemselvesasbadatpublicspeakingdespitereceivingapplauseforpresentations,attributingsuccesstoluck.Socially,initialjudgmentscanlinger:assumingareservedclassmateisunfriendly,evenafterfriendlyinteractions.Societally,stereotypesaboutgroups—beitracial,gender-based,orpolitical—frequentlyendure,resistingfactualcounterarguments.Researchbacksthisup.Inonestudy,studentsgivenfalsefeedbackonanalyzingsuicidenotescontinuedtobelieveintheir“accuracy”or“inaccuracy”evenafterlearningthefeedbackwasfabricated(伪造的).Anotherexperimentshowedthatbeliefsconnectingrisk-takingtofirefightingeffectivenesspersisted,regardlessofdiscreditedsupportingdata.Severalpsychologicalfactorscontributetobeliefperseverance.Theavailabilityheuristic(启发法)makespeoplerelyoneasilyrecalledexamples,likeassumingalldoctorsareimpatientafteronenegativeencounter.Illusorycorrelationcreatesfalseassociations,suchaslinkingateam’slosstothecoloroftheiruniforms.Selectiveattentionfurtherreinforcesbias,asindividualstendtonoticeevidencethatconfirmstheirbeliefswhileoverlookingcontradictorysigns.Overcomingthisbiasrequiresself-awareness.Strategieslikecounter-explanation—promptingindividualstoconsiderreasonsforopposingbeliefs—canaidinrelaxingthegripoffirmlyestablishedmindsets.Whilecompleteremovalmaybeunrealistic,recognizingbeliefperseveranceisacrucialsteptowardsmoreobjectivethinkinginaworldfilledwithinformation.1.Whatisbeliefperseverancemainlyabout?A.Seekinginformationactively.B.Acceptingnewevidenceeasily.C.Checkingexceptionsfrequently.D.Stickingtobeliefsdespiteproof.2.Howdoesbeliefperseverancedifferfromconfirmationbias?A.Itseekssupportivefacts.B.Itchangesviewsquickly.C.Itdismissesdifferentideas.D.Itreliesonpersonalstories.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsbeliefperseverance?A.Astudentfavorsateacher’spraise.B.Someoneassumestheworstafterwins.C.Peoplefollowpopularopinions.D.Achildbelievesinparents’advice.4.Whathelpsfightbeliefperseverance?A.Ignoringallopposingthoughts.B.Trustingfirstimpressionsdeeply.C.Consideringreasonsfromanotherangle.D.Relyingonpastsuccessfulexperiences.Passage2(2025山东潍坊二模)主题:自我概念惰性 词数:362难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟Haveyoueverfoundyourselfreallywantingtochangeyetsomehowremainingstuckinthesamepatterns?Theanswermightnotbeinyourbehaviors,butinyourbeliefs—specifically,thebeliefsyouhaveaboutyourselfandwhoyouare.Thisiswhatpsychologistscallself-conceptinertia(惰性).Self-conceptinertiaisthepsychologicalresistancetochangingouridentity.Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity,whichismadeupofthestorieswetellaboutourselves.Thesenarrativescangobeyondsimplydescribingwhowearetoday—theycanrestrictusfrombeingwhowebelievewe’recapableofbecominginthefuture.Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.Ourself-conceptdoesn’tyieldeasily,eventoourconsciousdesires.Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image,youexperienceastateofpsychologicaldiscomfort.Forexample,ifyou’vealwaysseenyourselfas“notamorningperson”,successfullywakingupat5a.m.createstensionwithyourestablishedidentity.Soyourbrainhastwooptions:Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).AsCarolDweckdiscussesinherbookMindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,peoplewith“fixedmindsets”tendtoavoidchallengesthatmightcontradicttheirself-concept.Yetyourself-conceptismalleablebydesign.Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnotaperson”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsthatfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.Identifyingthesehabitsalsogivesyouinsightintoasolutionyoucanpracticeandimprove.

Self-conceptinertiaweakenswhenweholdouridentitieslightly.Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.5.Howdoesournarrativeidentityaffectus?A.Itdefinesourbetterfuture.B.Itchangesourself-concept.C.Itlimitsourbehaviorchoices.D.Itimprovesourpreviousselves.6.Whatdoestheexampleofwakingupat5a.m.illustrate?A.Thedifficultyingettingridoftension.B.Thebenefitsofbecominganearlyriser.C.Theconflictbetweenbehaviorandself-identity.D.Theimportanceoffollowingastrictdailyroutine.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”meaninparagraph4?A.Predictable. B.Available.C.Sustainable. D.Adjustable.8.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?A.Makeperfectproducts.B.Avoidlabellingyourself.C.Monitorpsychologicalchanges.D.Attachimportancetoself-image.Passage3(2025江西鹰潭二模)主题:意识起源 词数:366难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟With86billionneurons(神经元)and100trillionconnectionsbetweenthem,ourbraingivesusourcapacityforfreewill—ourconsciousness.Consciousnessisdifficulttodescribe,andscientistsstilldebatehowitarises.InThenIAmMyselftheWorld,neuroscientistChristofKochoffersthelatestentryintothelonglistofbooksattemptingtouncovertheoriginsofourinnerlives.Whilethetopiccanbeahead-scratcher,Koch’suseofcomparisonsandentertainingstoriesmakesthebookaninterestingandsurprisinglylightread.

Kochchallengessomecommonunderstandingsofconsciousness,inwhichthebrainislikeacomputer,whereconsciousnessissoftwarethat’sprogrammedintothehardwareofourneurons.Thisconcept,hewrites,dominatesmanymovieswherehumansaresimilartoself-awarerobotslikeRachaelinBladeRunner.Insteadofseparatingsoftwareandhardware,Kocharguesthatthebrainisthestructureofconsciousness,whichistheideahedrawsfromtheintegratedinformationtheory,orIIT,aconsciousnessmodelfirstproposedbyneuroscientistGiulioTononiintheearly2000s.Itsuggeststhatconsciousnessistheactofabrain’ssystemofneuronsintegratingsensory,emotional,andcognitiveinformation,andbecauseofthis,theneurons’electrochemicalactivitycaninfluenceconsciousexperiences.Inturn,consciousnesscanaffectbrainnetworksbecausewhatwefeelorrememberimpactsthesenetworksinrealtime.Besides,Kocharguesconsciousnessisnotlimitedtothehumanbrainandispresentinotheranimals,too.However,whilebothhumansandotheranimalsexperienceconsciousness,thescopeofthatconsciousnessdiffers.“Fordogs,theydon’tworryaboutwhat’sgoingtohappennextweekend,buttheyhavestatesofpainandjoy.Sohumans,whosebrainnetworkshavethehighestknownlevelofinterconnectivity,havemoreexpandedconsciousnessthandogs,”Kochsays.AlthoughAIlearnsmoreinformationandperformsmoredifficulttasks,Kochsays,itstillcannotreachhuman-levelconsciousness.Acomputer’snetworkoftransistors,whichcontrolstheflowofelectricalsignalswithinthemachine,doesn’thavethepowernecessarytogiverisetohuman-levelconsciousness.Eachtransistorconnectstoonlyahandfulofothertransistors,whereasoneneuroncaninteractwiththousandsofothers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“ahead-scratcher”probablymeaninparagraph1?A.Controversial. B.Puzzling.C.Inspiring. D.Straightforward.10.Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheintegratedinformationtheory?A.Themind-brainconnectionisinteractive.B.Consciousnessisabyproductofbrainactivity.C.Theneurons’functionsarealwaysoverestimated.D.Consciousnesscanbepreprogrammedintothebrain.11.WhydoesKochcomparehumansanddogswhendiscussingconsciousness?A.Toconfirmthatanimalshavebasicconsciousness.B.Toclaimhumanconsciousnessisstillevolving.C.Toarguethathumansandanimalssharesimilarneuralcomplexity.D.Toshowthatconsciousnessvarieswithneuralinterconnectivity.12.WhatmakesAIfailtoreplacethehumanbrainaccordingtoKoch?A.Themechanicalcontrolofelectricalsignals.B.Theprogressionofthehumanbrain.C.Thelimitationofcomputerhardware.D.Theinabilitytochooseconsciousexperiences.

答案：Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了信念固执这一现象,包括其定义、与确认偏误的区别、表现形式、研究实例、成因以及应对方法。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Imaginetryingtoconvincesomeonewithfactsthatchallengetheirlong-heldopinion,onlytofindthemdismissingorprocessingtheinformation.Thisisbeliefperseveranceatwork.”以及第二段中的“Whileconfirmationbiasinvolvesseekingoutinformationthatsupportsone’spreconceptions,beliefperseveranceisaboutactivelyrejectingevidencethatcoulddisprovethosebeliefs,buildingapsychologicalbarrieraroundone’sexistingviews.”可知,信念固执指的是尽管有证据证明自己的信念有误,却仍然坚持自己的信念。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whileconfirmationbiasinvolvesseekingoutinformationthatsupportsone’spreconceptions,beliefperseveranceisaboutactivelyrejectingevidencethatcoulddisprovethosebeliefs,buildingapsychologicalbarrieraroundone’sexistingviews.”可知,信念固执与确认偏误的区别在于,信念固执会拒绝不同的想法,而确认偏误会寻求支持性事实。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Intermsofself-perception,someonemightpersistentlyviewthemselvesasbadatpublicspeakingdespitereceivingapplauseforpresentations,attributingsuccesstoluck.”可知,信念固执在自我认知方面的表现是,尽管在演讲中获得了掌声,但有人可能会一直认为自己不擅长公开演讲,将成功归因于运气,即有人可能在取得成功后仍然往最坏处想。易错点拨:本题易错选D项。虽然孩子相信父母的建议可能涉及对权威的信任,但这不直接体现“信念固执”(beliefperseverance)。信念固执的核心是顽固拒绝相反证据,而D项未体现孩子面对反驳信息时的坚持。4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Overcomingthisbiasrequiresself-awareness.Strategieslikecounter-explanation—promptingindividualstoconsiderreasonsforopposingbeliefs—canaidinrelaxingthegripoffirmlyestablishedmindsets.”可知,考虑反对信念的原因有助于克服信念固执。提分干货高频词汇1.convincevt.使信服2.encounterv.偶遇,邂逅3.distinctadj.截然不同的 4.evidencen.证据5.barriern.障碍 6.multipleadj.多种的7.resistvt.抵制8.associationn.联想9.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的10.removaln.去除熟词生义process(生)vt.处理(熟)n.过程重点短语1.forinstance例如2.beconfusedwith与……混淆3.involvedoingsth包括做某事4.intermsof就……而言;在……方面5.attribute...to...把……归因于……6.regardlessof不顾;不管难句分析Imaginetryingtoconvincesomeonewithfactsthatchallengetheirlong-heldopinion,onlytofindthemdismissingorprocessingtheinformation.分析:本句为主从复合句。thatchallengetheirlong-heldopinion为that引导的定语从句;onlytofindthemdismissingorprocessingtheinformation为动词不定式短语在句中作结果状语。译文:试想一下,当你用事实去挑战某人长期持有的观点时,却发现他们要么直接无视这些信息,要么以某种方式将其“消化处理”。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我概念惰性这一心理现象,即人们心理上抗拒改变自我身份,阐述了叙事身份对我们的影响,以及如何应对自我概念惰性。5.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity...we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe‘new’versionofourselves.”可知,叙事身份不仅描述当下的我们,还会限制我们成为我们认为自己未来有能力成为的人,也就是限制我们的行为选择。6.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image...Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).”可知,当行为与自我形象冲突时,大脑面临更新自我概念(困难)或放弃新行为(容易)的选择。由此可推知,以早上5点起床为例,是为了说明行为与自我身份之间的冲突。易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然原文提到早起行为会导致心理不适(psychologicaldiscomfort),但该例子旨在说明行为与自我认知的冲突(“whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image”),而非强调“消除不适的难度”。A项偏离了例子的核心论证目标。7.D词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike‘I’mjustnotaperson’.Theabsolutestatementsignalsthatfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof‘I’mnotanorganizedperson’(identity),try‘Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet’(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.”可知,作者建议把身份表述,如“我不是一个有条理的人”,转化为行为表述,如“我还没有建立起强大的组织体系”。因为身份表述感觉是固定的,而行为表述感觉是可以改变的,这表明自我概念是可以改变的,也就是具有可调整性的。因此,malleable的意思是“可调整的”。

8.B推理判断题。根据第四段内容和最后一段中的“Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.”可知,作者建议人们不要用绝对的身份表述来限制自己,而应该用可改变的行为表述,并且把自己看作是正在进行中的作品,也就是不要给自己贴标签。提分干货高频词汇1.specificallyadv.具体来说;确切地说2.resistancen.抵抗3.identityn.身份4.restrictvt.限制 5.consciousadj.有意识的6.desiren.欲望 7.contradictadj.相抵触;相矛盾8.genuineadj.真正的 9.transformationn.转变重点短语1.becapableofdoingsth有能力做某事2.holdonto保住3.inprogress在进行中4.letgoof放弃难句分析Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.分析:本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,evenifwewanttochange为evenif引导的让步状语从句,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities为aslongas引导的条件状语从句,weknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves为定语从句,修饰先行词changes。译文:这意味着即便我们渴望改变,只要仍固守旧的自我认知,就会不自觉地抗拒那些明知必须做出的、能让我们成为“新版”自己的改变。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了ChristofKoch关于意识起源的理论,尤其是整合信息理论(IIT)。9.B词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Consciousnessisdifficulttodescribe,andscientistsstilldebatehowitarises.”可推知,意识研究是复杂且令人困惑的。故画线词的意思是“令人困惑的”。10.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Itsuggeststhatconsciousnessistheactofabrain’ssystemofneuronsintegratingsensory,emotional,andcognitiveinformation,andbecauseofthis,theneurons’electrochemicalactivitycaninfluenceconsciousexperiences.Inturn,consciousnesscanaffectbrainnetworksbecausewhatwefeelorrememberimpactsthesenetworksinrealtime.”可推知,整合信息理论暗示大脑和意识之间的联系是相互的。11.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Fordogs,theydon’tworryaboutwhat’sgoingtohappennextweekend,buttheyhavestatesofpainandjoy.Sohumans,whosebrainnetworkshavethehighestknownlevelofinterconnectivity,havemoreexpandedconsciousnessthandogs,’Kochsays.”可推知,Koch在讨论意识时比较人类和狗是为了表明意识随着神经互联性的不同而不同。易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然Koch确实提到动物(如狗)具有意识(“consciousnessispresentinotheranimals”),但比较人类与狗的核心目的并非单纯“确认动物有意识”,而是为了对比意识范围的差异(“thescopeofthatconsciousnessdiffers”),并强调这种差异源于神经网络的互联程度(“brainnetworkshavethehighestknownlevelofinterconnectivity”)。因此,A项仅捕捉到表面信息,未触及比较的深层意图。12.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Acomputer’snetworkoftransistors,whichcontrolstheflowofelectricalsignalswithinthemachine,doesn’thavethepowernecessarytogiverisetohuman-levelconsciousness.Eachtransistorconnectstoonlyahandfulofothertransistors,whereasoneneuroncaninteractwiththousandsofothers.”可知,在Koch看来,计算机硬件的限制让人工智能无法取代人类的大脑。提分干货高频词汇1.capacityn.能力2.arisevi.产生;出现3.originn.起源 4.entertainingadj.有趣的5.dominatevt.主宰;支配 6.expandvt.扩展重点短语1.attempttodosth企图做某事2.inturn反过来3.interactwith与……互动难句分析Kochchallengessomecommonunderstandingsofconsciousness,inwhichthebrainislikeacomputer,whereconsciousnessissoftwarethat’sprogrammedintothehardwareofourneurons.分析:本句为主从复合句。inwhichthebrainislikeacomputer是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词consciousness;whereconsciousnessissoftware为where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词computer;that’sprogrammedintothehardwareofourneurons为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词software。译文:Koch挑战了关于意识的一些普遍认知——这些认知将大脑比作计算机,而意识则是被编程植入我们神经元硬件的软件。文体分类练(六)议论文Passage1(2025山东聊城二模)主题:书评 词数:329难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟OnewetNovembereveninginthelate1960s,amarriedcouplenamedMauriceandMaralynBailey—heahot-metaltypesetter,sheataxofficer—hitontheideaofescapingtheirdull,suburbanlivesbysailingtoNewZealand.WiththeproceedsfromthesaleoftheirDerbybungalow,theyboughta31-footBermudaboat,whichtheynamedAuralyn(acombinationoftheirnames).TheyfinallysetsailacrosstheAtlanticinJune1972—havingdecidedagainstbuyingaradiotransmitter(信号发射机),asMauricewantedtosail“byhiswitsandthestars”.Allwentwellforthefirstninemonths,butthenonemorning,300mileseastoftheGalápagos,a40-footwhaleroseupundertheirboatandcrackedaholeinitshull.AsSophieElmhirstrelatesinher“superb”debut,MauriceandMaralyn,thecouplegrabbedafewessentialsandclimbedontoaninflatableraft(充气筏)fromwhichtheywatchedAuralynbeing“silentlyswallowed”.Onthisinadequatevessel—toosmallforeitherofthemtoliedownin—theywouldspendthenext117days.AttheheartofMauriceandMaralynisan“astonishing”taleofendurance.Oncethecouple’sfoodranout,theysurvivedintheraftbyeatingrawseaturtlesandsmallsharks,caughtwithafishingrodmadefromsafetypinsandcord.Dysentery(痢疾),dehydration,andnear-starvationfollowed.WhileMaurice,a“glass-half-emptytypeofman”,quietlyresignedhimselftodying,Maralynremainedoptimistic,whichsparkedMaurice’swilltolive.Thecouplewereeventuallypickedupbyashippassingby.Alongwithits“man-versus-the-elementssurvivalaspect”,Elmhirst’sbookis“alsoalovestory”,saidFrancescaAngeliniinTheSundayTimes.Shetracesthecouple’smarriage—bothhowitledthemintotheirPacificadventure,andhowitwaschangedbywhattheywentthrough.It’saremarkablestorythathasbeenallbutforgotten.1.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“proceeds”inparagraph1?A.Purchases. B.Expenses.C.Gains. D.Contracts.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthecouple’ssail?A.Theyusedaradiotransmitterforthefirstninemonths.B.Theyabandonedtheraftdamagedbyawhale.C.Starvationfollowedwhentheboatsank.D.Survivalskillscontributedtotheirsurvival.3.WhatwasMauricelikeaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Pessimistic. B.Ambitious.C.Modest. D.Unconfident.4.Whatkindofwritingisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Ajournal. D.Abiography.Passage2(2025福建福州四模)主题:语言模型 词数:331难度:★★★★☆ 限时:8分钟Largelanguagemodels(LLMs)seembetteratmakingpeoplefeelseenandheardthanhumans.Thisphenomenon,called“LLMpathy”,isbothsurprisingandcontroversial.Somearguethatcomputerscan’ttrulyempathize(共情)forlackofemotion.Othersarealarmedbyhowreadilypeoplearetradinghumanconnectionfordigitalones.Butbeyondtheseconcerns,chatbotsmightoffersomethingmorepractical.Iftheyarebeatingusatempathy,shouldn’twetrytolearnwhattheyaredoing,right?ResearchersinitiallywonderedifAI’sadvantagelayinitsunlimitedattention.Butthatdoesn’tseemtoexplainit.A2024researchinHarvardBusinessSchoolrevealedthatpeople’sexpressionofempathy,despiteincreasedcommitments,stillfellshortcomparedtothosebyChatGPT.Chatbots’successmaycomefromavoidingall-too-humanmistakes.Chatbots’responsesstoodoutmainlybecausetheyfocusedonacknowledgingfeelings,unlikehumans,whooftensharedaseeminglyrelatedexperiencetooffersolutions,unintentionallydamagingthehopeofbeingtrulyheard.Chatbotsavoidthesepitfalls.Theyfocusentirelyonthespeaker.Morethanhumans,chatbotsparaphrase,acknowledge,andjustifyhowpeoplemightfeel.Whenpeopleadoptsimilarstrategies,theirconnectionsstrengthen.ItbearsnotingthattheAIadvantageinempatheticconversationshaslimits.Its“paraphrase,acknowledge,andjustify”approachmayfeelwarminitiallybutdullthesecond.Mostresearchtestspeople’sinteractionswithChatbotsjustonce,soAI’sedgemightfadeinlonger,repetitivechats.Chatbotsmightbehelpful,buttheystillcan’tfeelortrulycare.ThedemandforAItherapists(理疗师)maybegrowing,butmanypeoplestillpreferhumansupport.Anyonewhohasrepeated“agent”atacustomer-servicerobotknowsthefeelingofdesperatelywantingarealpersonontheline.Someoftheshortcomingsofhumanconnectionarealso,infact,features.Butthefactthatweoftenmustearnhumanempathy,andthatitcomesfromlimitedbeingswhodevotethemselvestobeingthereforus,ispartofitsbeauty.5.WhydoesAIoftenoutperformhumansatshowingempathy?A.Ithasunlimitedpatience.B.Itsharesrelatedexperience.C.Itfocusesonpeople’sfeelings.D.Itprioritizessolvingproblems.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pitfalls”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Responses. B.Shortcomings.C.Experiences. D.Feelings.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Humancareisirreplaceable.B.In-personchatshavelimits.C.Servicelinesbenefithumans.D.EmotionisenhancedbyAI.8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Chatbots:TheNewEmotionalSupportB.TheDouble-EdgedSwordofChatbotsC.TheRisingDemandforAITherapistsD.LearntoBeaListenerlikeChatbotsPassage3(2025山西晋城二模)主题:略读和精读 词数:312难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟Inrecentyears,someexpertssuggestthatreadingonscreenshasledtomoreandmoreskimreading,sincemostdigitaltextstendtoberelativelyshort.Someofthemareevenworriedaboutthelossofourabilitytoengagemoredeeplywithlongtexts.So,istherea“right”waytoread?“There’salotofdiscussionwhethersocialmediahassortofdestroyedourabilitytopayattention,”saysDanielWillingham,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia.“Noneofusknows,becausethisisaverydifficultresearchproblem.”Willinghamtheorizesthatourchangingreadinghabitsarelikelynotbecauseourattentionisdegraded.Otherwise,thatwouldhavehugeeffectsonourotherabilities,likememory.ButbecausetheInternetprovidesanopportunityforendlessentertainment,ourwillingnesstofocusonatextmightbedecreasing.Heisoptimisticthatmostpeoplecanlearntheseclosereadingskillswithpractice.“Insomeways,focusingonthesamethingforalongtimeisnotnecessarilyanaturalstate,”Willinghamexplains.“Ourmindwantstosampledifferentthingsandseewhat’sgoingoninourenvironment.Therefore,itmightnotbehelpfultoputskimmingandclosereadingagainsteachother,butrathertounderstandthatbothareimportanttolearn,especiallywhenwehavehugeamountsofinformationavailableatourfingertips.”Skimming—whereweskipoverwordsandsectionstograspthemainideaofatext—isacommonreadingstrategy.Skimmingissufficientformostbeachreads,forexample,whichdon’trequireustorecalldetailsofascene.Ourfamiliaritywiththetypeoftextalsoinfluencesthestrategyweusetoread.Ifwehavereadalotofmysterynovels,wemaygetusedtothestructureofthetextandthusbeabletoskimsectionsandstillgetwhat’sgoingon.9.Whyhaveourreadinghabitschangedaccordingtosomeexperts?A.Wecan’tconcentrateonlongtextsanymore.B.Ouropportunityforentertainmentisendless.C.Wehavetoomuchinformationtoabsorb.D.Ourwillingnesstofocusonatextisdecreasing.10.WhatdoesDanielWillinghamsayaboutthetworeadingstrategies?A.Bothofthemshouldbelearnedwithpractice.B.Theyaredestroyingourabilitytopayattention.C.Closereadingisnotnecessarilyabetterstrategy.D.Skimreadingismoreimportantinthedigitalage.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoskimreading?A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.C.Favorable. D.Unclear.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ShortDigitalTextsAreDestroyingOurAbilitytoConcentrate!B.ShouldWePutSkimmingandCloseReadingAgainstEachOther?C.CanOurAbilitytoEngageMoreDeeplyWithLongTextsBeRecovered?D.BeAwareoftheHugeAmountsofInformationAvailableinOurDailyLife!

答案：Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要评论了有关莫里斯和玛丽莲·贝利夫妇航海遇险、靠生存技能求生和其婚姻的故事的一本书。1.C词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“WiththeproceedsfromthesaleoftheirDerbybungalow,theyboughta31-footBermudaboat,whichtheynamedAuralyn(acombinationoftheirnames).”可知,此处proceeds指的是卖房的收入,即“收益”,与Gains“收益”意思相符。易错点拨:本题易错选B项。虽然“expenses”(开支)与金钱相关,但原文语境明确提到这对夫妇卖掉了房子(“saleoftheirDerbybungalow”),并用这笔钱购买了船只。因此,“proceeds”应指销售所得的收入,而非支出。B项与文意相反。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Oncethecouple’sfoodranout,theysurvivedintheraftbyeatingrawseaturtlesandsmallsharks,caughtwithafishingrodmadefromsafetypinsandcord.”可知,他们运用自己制作鱼竿捕鱼等生存技能得以存活下来,说明生存技能有助于他们的生存。3.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“WhileMaurice,a‘glass-half-emptytypeofman’,quietlyresignedhimselftodying,Maralynremainedoptimistic,whichsparkedMaurice’swilltolive.”可知,莫里斯是个悲观的人。4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Alongwithits‘man-versus-the-elementssurvivalaspect’,Elmhirst’sbookis‘alsoalovestory’,saidFrancescaAngeliniinTheSundayTimes.”可知,本文是对埃尔姆赫斯特所写关于莫里斯和玛丽莲·贝利夫妇航海遇险求生经历书籍的评论。提分干货高频词汇1.grabvt.抓住2.inadequateadj.不充分的;不够好的3.rawadj.生的4.optimisticadj.乐观的熟词生义1.relate(生)v.叙述(熟)v.联系2.essential(生)n.必需品(熟)adj.必不可少的;非常重要的重点短语1.hiton突然想到2.setsail启航3.runout用完4.resignoneselfto使顺从;使听任(摆布);使甘心(忍受)5.passby经过 6.alongwith和……一起7.allbut几乎难句分析AsSophieElmhirstrelatesinher“superb”debut,MauriceandMaralyn,thecouplegrabbedafewessentialsandclimbedontoaninflatableraft(充气筏)fromwhichtheywatchedAuralynbeing“silentlyswallowed”.分析:本句为主从复合句。AsSophieElmhirstrelatesinher“superb”debut,MauriceandMaralyn为as引导的状语从句;fromwhichtheywatchedAuralynbeing“silentlyswallowed”为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词raft。译文:正如索菲·埃尔姆赫斯特在她的精彩处女作《莫里斯与玛丽莲》中所述,这对夫妇抓了些必需品爬上一只充气筏,眼睁睁看着“奥瑞琳”号被“无声吞没”。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕大型语言模型(LLMs)在共情能力上似乎优于人类这一现象展开讨论,提出了“LLMpathy”这一概念,并分析了这一现象背后的原因、争议以及其实际意义。5.C细节理解题。根据第三段内容以及第四段中的“Theyfocusentirelyonthespeaker.Morethanhumans,chatbotsparaphrase,acknowledge,andjustifyhowpeoplemightfeel.”可知,因为人工智能关注的是人们的感受,所以在表现同理心方面往往胜过人类。6.B词句猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,聊天机器人它们专注于承认感受,而不像人类经常分享看似相关的经历来提供解决方案,这无意中破坏了人们真正被倾听的希望。因此,画线词所在句应指聊天机器人避免了这些缺点。由此可推知,pitfalls应是“缺点”之意,和B项意思相近。7.A推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,聊天机器人可能会有所帮助,但它们仍然无法感受或真正关心。对人工智能治疗师的需求可能正在增长,但许多人仍然更喜欢人类的支持。由此可推知,从本段我