2025年考研英语真题深度解析与技巧攻略

全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],

[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(1()points)

In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesof

industrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.It

hopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting]workers'productivity.Instead,thestudies

ended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthe

very3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.

Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,but

alsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7something

waschanged,productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe

9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorne

experimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13

wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Ilturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14

interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.Whenwork

startedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17to

riseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasno

experimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,v/orkers19tobediligentfor

thefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.This

suggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorr.eeffect"ishardtopindown.

I.[A)affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A)truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[DJambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongso

8.[A)awareness|B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for|C]on[D]by

Il.|A|compared|B]shown|C|subjected|D|conveyed

12.[A]Contraryto|B|Consistentwith[C|Parallelwith|D]Peculiarto

13.[A]evidence(B|guidance|C|implication[D]source

I4.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

18.[AjTherefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile

i9.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended

2O.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[CJ

or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepast

quarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeand

seriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyto

imagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yeta

considerablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcentury

consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthat

theirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEngland

betweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandthecvcofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-

cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamentto(hepublicationsinwhichitappeared.

Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetail

andatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewers

whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedto

knowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobe

publishedinthedailypress.uSofewauthorshavebrainsenoughcrliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheir

ownendupinjournalism,“Newmanwrote,44thatIamtemptedtodefine'journalism'as4atermof

contemptappliedbywriterswhoarcnotreadtowriterswhoare.'"

Unfonunaicly,thesecriticsarcvirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefbr(he

ManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasa

writerofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland's

foremostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becamea

best-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhis

booksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.

Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleuseforthe

richlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,(heamateurtraditionin

musiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that.

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers

[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies

22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby.

[A|treethemes

[B|casualstyle

|CJelaboratelayout

[D]radicalviewpoints

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljounialisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytohetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B|TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

[D|ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusiness

methods.Areceivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgot

legalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-method

patents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamove

thathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaidit

woulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthe

caseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchoolof

law.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederal

circuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,

approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thalrulingproducedanexplosionin

business-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusive

rightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuch

patentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In,

IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethe

factthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilms

armedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcases

opposingthepractice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.

TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthe

court'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetherit

should"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme

Courtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,fbrexamplethe

justicessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.The

judgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt",saysHarold

C.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof.

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B|theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C|thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D|thecontroversyoverauthorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions.

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction.

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit.

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S-

28.Theword"about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans.

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaseofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdignity

29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents.

[A]arcimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]arcoftenunnecessarilyissued

[Clbwertheesteemforpatentholders

[D|increasetheincidenceofrisks

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusinessmethodpatents

[B]Protectionfbrbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwcllarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredrivenin

largepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoare

unusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisinluitivelycompelling,butitdoesn't

explainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntested

theorycalledthe"twostepflowofcommunication":Informationflowsfromthemediatothe

influentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseit

suggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostof

theworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertain

looks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsome

smallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaid

attention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeople

candrivetrends

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentials

havefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.infact,(heydon'tseemtobe

requiredofall.

Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,withthe

exceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionof

media,notinterpersonal,influence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon't

interactwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingto

thetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsand

colleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,mustthen

influencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthow

manyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeople

inthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefrom

theinitialinfluentialproveresistant,fbrexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaror

affectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsof

populationsbyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberof

variablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthat

theprincipalrequirementfbrwhatiscalled“globalcascades"-thewidespreadpropagationofinfluence

throughnetworks-isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluenced

people.

31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto.

|A|analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials,functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

[DJdescribetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

32.TheauthorsuggeststhattheMtwo-step-flowtheory”.

[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

©haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat.

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[CJinfluentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D|mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople“inParagraph4referstotheoneswho.

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluertial

35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted.

[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.

[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers.

Text4

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhave

beentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,have

forcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesome

assetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemto

fetch.

Unfortunately,hanks'lobbyingnowseemstoheworking.Thedetailsmayheunknowable,hut

theindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeing

compromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebanking

systemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard

(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquid

assetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.Bob

Herz,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesrose

andLhechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls"theuseofjudgmentbymanagemeni."

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard

(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressure

tofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,a

Europeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"inlhereal

word"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Today

theyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidity

ofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank's

sharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartly

reflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsfbrfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctantto

buyallthosesupposedbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewplan

tobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.

Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASB

havebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,against

hostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomake

moreconcessions.

36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto.

[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

[BJcollcctpaymentsfromthirdparties

[Cjcooperatewiththepricemanagers

[D|reevalua(esomeoftheirassets

37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin.

|A]thediminishingroleofmanagement

[BJthcrevivalofthebankingsystem

[C]thebanks'long-termassetlosses

[D]theweakeningofitsindependence

38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'Sattemptto.

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences

[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers

[C]actontheirowninrule-setting

[Djtakegradualmeasuresinreform

39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet”inthatthey.

[A]misintcrprctcdmarketpriceindicators

[BJexaggcratcd(herealvalueoftheirassets

[Clneglcctcdthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts

[D|denicdbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof.

|A]satisfaction

[B]skepticism

[C]o^jectiveness

[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:

ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfilltheminto

thenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisone

paragraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Thefirstandmoreimpertantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;the

consumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotal

consumptionin1995to35percentinandisexpectedtoapproach38percentby.Thisdevelopment

isboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,

comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessionislooming

large,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepalighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereating

athomearealisticalternative.

[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsarcatastandstill,leaving

Europeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytried

e-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,

profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearsto

bejust(hekindofmarketretailersneed.

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrink

market?Definitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedby

potentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.At

anyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticand

internationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapply

theirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,

andmarketingintelligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywell

expecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closer

inspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheir

customersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfood

anddrinkcategories.Bigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythe

segmenrsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichTheirpanicularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbut

entrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.

[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeenclosely

examined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demand

comesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretail

chains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcaterto

consumerswhentheydon'tcatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinesto

largeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"horeca":

hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingat

thesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,hutthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposing

(rends.

IF]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,

Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin—morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreover,average

overallmarginsarchigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesector

isgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynairiics

ofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.

[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensoniclargegood

producersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesof

wholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.

刚一网一网一四同

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand(hentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittencarefu.lyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmost

membersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthe

bioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledlocontinuance.

Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvert

excusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobe

disappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffect

thatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinorder

tobevalid.

Ilispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)bulwe

haveatleas」drawnnearihepointofadmitting[hatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatlerofintrinsicright

regardlessof[hepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagelous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewas

whenbiologislssomewhaloverwordediheevidenceIhalihesecrealurespreserveihehealthofgame

bykiHingtheDhysicallyweak,orU:atIhcyD「C、'onlyon,worthless,species.

Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecause

(heygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope、where

forestryisecologicaHymoreadvanced、ihenon-commercialtieespeciesarerecognizedasmembers

ofnativeforestcommunity、[obepreservedassuch,withinreason.

Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelessly

lopsided.(50)Illends【oignore,andthusevenluallyI。eliminate,manyelementsin\heland

communitythatlackcommcicialvalue,butmatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,

falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpansof(hebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.

SectionHIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Youaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforan

internationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicant

andtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.

Youshouldwriteabout10()words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use

"postgraduateassociation"instead.

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHVVERSHEET2.(20points)

文化”火供二既美味又管养

全国硕士顼士招生考试英语(一)答案详解

SectionIUseofEnglish

一、文章题材构造分析

本文选自6月22日TheEconomist《经济学人》,原文标题是QuestioningtheHawthorneEffect(《质

疑“霍桑效应”》的文章。

本文重要对社会上一种经典理论一一“霍桑效应”进行了批判和反思。文章第一段从总体上简介了对

霍桑工厂所做的产业试验，并指出试验以〜种名叫“霍桑效应”的结论而告终。

第二段承上，详细简介了试验的结论。第三段指出，几十年后，对III有试验数据进行分析后得出了与

所记载的描述相反的结论。第四段分析了导致错误结论的原因，并在最终指出“所谓的‘霍桑效应'

很难确定”。