专题04 动词和动词短语（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题04动词和动词短语目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一动词的分类(一)系动词表示状态am,is,are，was,were表示感官feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来表示变化become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得：表示终止prove证实，turnout变成表示持续keep保持，stay保持，remain保持不变，stand处于,prove证明易错提醒：1.有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。2.区分系动词和实义动词：很多系动词(如feel,look,smell,taste,turn,grow,prove)本身也可以是实义动词(表示具体动作)。关键在于它们后面接什么以及表达什么含义。系动词用法：后接表语(形容词/名词等)，描述主语状态。实义动词用法：后接宾语(名词/代词)或副词，表示具体动作。3.表语是形容词，不是副词：系动词后描述主语状态特征的是形容词，不是修饰动词的副词。(二)实义动词根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词后必须跟宾语(可以是名词、代词、动名词等)，否则句子不完整。①动词+宾语如:Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜欢这本书。②动词+宾语+宾补如:WecallthebirdPolly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。[易错提示]带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。③动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Pleasepassmethesalt.请把盐递给我。[易错提示]常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。④be+过去分词Thisbridgewasbuiltbytheworkersin2010.这座桥是工人们在2010年建造的。2.不及物动词①不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。Theyswaminthelakeeverysummerwhenyoung.他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。②有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。Sherunsasmallcafénearthepark.她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。Herunsfivekilometerseverymorning.他每天早上跑五公里。③不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。Wewaitedforthetrainatthestationforhours.我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。Theoldcarbrokedownonthewaytowork.那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。Theyranoutoffuelinthemiddleofthedesert.他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。根据其在句子中动作延续性，分为延续性动词和非延续动词。1.延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.你可以借用这本书两周。WehavelivedinChinasince2001.自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。2.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等。Hejoinedthearmyin2020.他2020年参军了。Iborrowedthisbookfromthelibraryyesterday.我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。【归纳】非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。leave→beaway离开;borrow→keep借;buy→have买;begin→be

on开始/上演;die→bedead去世;finish→beover结束/完成;join→bein…参加；marry→be

married结婚；fallill→beill生病；getup→beup起床；loseone'swork→beoutof

work失业；comehere→behere来这里；gothere→bethere去那里；become→be成为；comeback→beback回来；fallasleep→be

asleep睡着；wakeup→be

awake醒；leave→beaway

from离开；gettoknow→know认识；puton→wear穿上；Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreemonths.我买这本词典已经三个月了。Ihavekeptthemagazinefortwoweeks.我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。Hurryup!Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。Hehasbeenupforanhour,buthasn’twashedhisfaceyet.他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。(三)情态动词1.情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can/could①can表示现在具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会”②could表示过去一般性能力③表示请求允许。在一般疑问句中，could可代替can，但语气更委婉，答语要用can④用于固定句型中：can't…too/enough(无论……也不为过)；can'thelpdoingsth.(禁不住做某事)；can'thelpbutdosth.(不得不做某事)；cannot/couldnotbutdosth.(不得不做某事)①TomcanspeakEnglish.②TomcouldsingEnglishsongswhenhewas6.③—Can/Couldyouhelpme？—Yes，Ican.④Ican'tpraisehimtoomuch.Icouldn'tbutgiveitup.may/might①may表示请求或允许，“可以”。might表示请求时语气更为委婉。might是may的过去式，常用于间接引语②may、might表示推测，用于肯定句，“可能”；用于否定句，maynot“可能不”；表“不可能”，用can't③may表祝愿，其结构为：May＋主语＋do④固定句型：may/mightaswelldo(不妨，还是做……为好)；may/mightwelldo＝beverylikelytodo(很有可能做……)①MayIhelpyou？ShesaidImightvisitheratanytime.②ThiscoatmaybeTom's.ThiscoatmaynotbeTom's.Thiscoatcan'tbeTom's.③Mayyousucceed！④Soyoumightaswellgothereandhavealookatit.must①表必要性，“必须”，否定式为needn't/don'thaveto②mustn't表禁止，“不准”③表坚持，“偏要，非要”④表推断，用于肯定句，“一定，准是”①—MustIcomebefore8:00a.m.?—Yes,youmust./No，youneedn't./No，youdon'thaveto.②Youmustn'tsmokehere.③Mustyousaylikethis？④Youmustbetiredaftersuchalongwalk.shall①表示征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称的疑问句中②用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”①ShallIgonow？②Youshallhaveabicycleforyourbirthday.Everystudentshallobeytheserules.should①相当于oughtto，“应该”，表义务上的应该，也可表推测上的“按说应该”②“竟然”，表说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪③用作shall的过去式，表示打算或期望做的事①Youshouldturninyourhomeworkontime.Heshouldbearrivebynow.②It'sstrangethatheshouldfailtheexam.③Iknewthatweshouldhaveameetingthenextday.will/would①用于各种人称，表示主语的意愿和意志②用于第二人称的一般疑问句，表请求③will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯①Hewillcometohelpyou.②Will/Wouldyougowithme？③Hewouldstayuplateintothenight.need/dare①need和dare用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形②need和dare用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中都可以使用，并且need作实义动词“需要”解释，后接动名词相当于不定式的被动式①Heneedn'tdoit.②Hedoesn'tneedtodoit.should/oughtto1、表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告。oughtto否定式为oughtnotto/oughtn’tto。2.表示推测和可能性，是“应该”之意。表示对现在和将来的推测。3、“should/oughttohave+过去分词”表示对过去的推测，“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思；“shouldnot/oughtnottohave+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。4、表示讲话人惊奇，失望，愤怒等感情：It’sstrangethatheshouldhavelosthistemper.真奇怪，他竟然发脾气。2.“情态动词＋现在完成时”的用法形式含义例句can/couldhavedone本来能够做；过去可能会做Canhehavefinishedthework？Wecouldhavestartedalittleearlier.musthavedone推测某事必定已经发生Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadissomuddy.may/mighthavedone也许、或许已经做了(might语气更弱)Youmayhavenarrowlymissedheronyourwayhere.should/oughttohavedone本应该做而实际上没做Youshould/oughttohavefinishedtheexercisemorecarefully.needn'thavedone本不必做而做了Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn'thavehurried.(四)助动词①助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)的用法助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。Iwascookingdinnerwhenthephonerang.电话响时我正在做晚饭。Theproblemwassolvedbytheteamyesterday.问题昨天被团队解决了。Theprojectistobecompletedbytheendofthemonth.项目须在月底前完成。②助动词have(has,had)的用法have+过去分词，构成完成时态；have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。HehadstudiedEnglishbeforemovingtotheUS.他去美国前就已经学过英语了。Hehasbeenworkingonthisbooksincelastyear.他从去年开始一直在写这本书。Theyhadtowalkhomebecausethelastbushadleft.末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。③助动词do(does,did)的用法助动词do(does,did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。Didtheyfinishtheprojectbeforethedeadline?他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？Idon’twanttoeatfastfoodtonight.我今晚不想吃快餐。Seldomdoeshegotobedbeforemidnight.他很少在午夜前睡觉。Hedidn’tfinishthetask,butshedid.他没完成任务，但她完成了。④助动词shall/will的用法shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。Weshallstartthejourneyatdawntomorrow.我们明天黎明将启程。Shewillperformonstageattheconcerttonight.她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。Theybelievedshewouldwinthecompetitioneasily.他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。考点二动词的构词法(一)动词前缀pre-表示“前,在……之前,预先”preview预演;predict预言en-表示“使,使成为,使处于⋯⋯状态”enlarge扩大;encourage鼓励;enrich使丰富;enable使能够dis-表示“否定,相反,不”disagree不同意;dislike不喜欢。还可表示“取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开”,discourage使泄气;discount打折扣;discover发现。(二)动词后缀-ize/-ise表示“变成,使⋯⋯化,以⋯⋯方式说”modernize使现代化;memorize记住,背诵。apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化-en表示“使成为,变得,使有”quicken加快,加速;weaken削弱,(使)变弱。broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁-ify表示“使……化”beautiful美化;purify使洁净;simplify简化。class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。考点三动词短语归纳动词+副词blowup炸毁breakin打断breakout爆发bringup抚养carryout执行findout查出givein屈服giveup放弃goahead前进;去做goback回去goon继续handin上交makeout认出makeup构成pickout挑选出来pointout指出putaside把······放在一边putaway把……收起putdown放下;写下putforward提出puton穿上;上演ringup打电话runaway逃离setaside留出setup搭起,建起takein吸收;欺骗takeoff脱下thinkover认真思考throwaway扔掉动词+介词accountfor解释applyfor申请approveof赞成;同意arriveat/in到达askfor请求attendto照料beginwith以……开始believein信任breakinto破门而入breakthrough突破careabout关心carefor喜欢caterfor迎合;满足consistof由…组成comeacross偶然碰到complainof/about抱怨dealwith对付,处理dependon依靠diefrom死于dreamof/about梦到getoff下车listento听lookafter照顾lookat看lookinto调查operateon为……动手术objectto反对thinkof考虑workon从事goover复习gothrough从……穿过动词+副词+介词addupto总计为,总共是breakawayfrom脱离;逃脱catchupwith赶上;达到comeupto达到comeupwith提出cutdownon削减datebackto追溯到doawaywith废除dropoutof退出faceupto敢于面对getalong/onwith与……和睦相处;进展getawaywith偷走getdownto开始认真从事goinfor参加考试(或竞赛)goonwith继续holdonto抓住keepawayfrom远离keepoutof避免keepupwith跟上liveupto不负于,符合lookdownon/upon轻视lookforwardto盼望lookupto尊敬makeupfor补偿putupwith忍受runoutof用光watchoutfor留意动词+名词+介词catchholdof抓住catchsightof看见drawone’sattentionto吸引某人对……的注意findfaultwith挑……的毛病givevoiceto表达对………的想法giveriseto引起keepaneyeon留意keeppacewith赶上losesightof看不见makeafoolof愚弄makefriendswith与………交朋友makefunof取笑makementionof提到makeuseof利用payattentionto注意putanendto结束setfireto放火烧setfooton进入,参观showinterestin对……表现出兴趣takeadvantageof利用takecareof照顾takeholdof抓住takenoticeof注意到takepartin参加takepridein以…自豪taketheplaceof代替turnadeafearto对………充耳不闻takeaccountof考虑到动词+名词keepwatch放哨takeplace发生takeaim瞄准playtruant逃学动词+介词+名词bring…toanend使……结束bring…undercontrol使……在掌控下have...inmind记住……keep…inmind牢记……learn…byheart背熟……put…intoeffect使……生效burstintotears突然大哭起来comeintobeing形成cometopower开始执政comeintouse开始使用comeintoeffect生效putonweight长胖;发福考点一：系动词和助动词例1.Thesesepalsopenonwarmdaystogivetheinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestays________(close)toprotecttheplants.例2.Thewater(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.例3.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,and(prove)extremelypopularwiththepublic.1.Theyoungmanperformedasifhe________(be)awomanonthestage.2.IlockthedooryesterdayafternoonwhenIlefttheoffice;butitisstillopen.3.Notonlyhespeakcorrectly,buthealsospeakseasily.4.Howlongyousupposeitissincehearrivedandbegantoworkhere?5.Nosoonerhearrivedatthestationthanhisfriendleftbytrain.考点二：情态动词例1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatthefirsttopurchasegoodsontheopeningdayinthesupermarket________get10%offthetotalprice.A.must B.will C.shall D.may例2.—ZhangGuimeihasachievedsomuchinhercareerasateacherandprincipal.—Yes,she________alotofdifficultiestomakesuchgreatachievements.A.wouldhavegonethrough B.musthavegonethroughC.shouldhavegonethrough D.couldhavegonethrough例3.Mary_______beinBeijing,forIsawherintownjustnow.A.mustn’t B.wouldnot C.can’t D.maynot1.Anyindividualwhointendsto______amedicalcareer______,inaccordancewithestablishedregulations,completethenecessarytrainingandpassallrequiredexaminationsbeforebeinggrantedtheprofessionallicense.A.commence;shall B.commence;oughttoC.manage;oughtto D.manage;shall2.—Whataboutyourtriptothetown?—Couldn’tbeworse.Stuckinthemud,thecar_______notmove,howeverhardwepushedit.A.could B.should C.would D.might3.Don’tletTompaintonthetrousers,forit________washout.A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.won’t4.—Howaboutthemealsduringyourexchangevisit?—Well,it____________worse.A.couldn’thavebeen B.couldn’tbeC.mightnothavebeen D.mightnotbe5.I__________myselfmore—Itwasaperfectday.A.couldn’thaveenjoyed B.needn’thaveenjoyedC.shouldn’thaveenjoyed D.mustn’thaveenjoyed考点三：动词词缀例1.Don’tputyourpricestoohighoryou’ll(fright)thecustomersaway.例2.Theboycan(memory)thedataeasily.例3.BeingexposedtoEnglishfrequently(able)ustohaveagoodknowledgeofthislanguage.1.Don’tworry.Ican(defense)myselffrommyenemies.2.Thisincidenthas(sharp)publicawarenessoftheeconomiccrisis.3.Don’tputyourpricestoohighoryou’ll(fright)thecustomersaway.4.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.5.Manystudentsliketospendtime(memory)Englishvocabulary.考点四：动词短语例1.Duringthemeeting,shedecidedto________theissueofbudgetcuts,asitwascrucialforfutureplanning.A.takein B.bringup C.breakdown D.keepoff例2.Howcouldyou_______suchafantasticjobwhenyouhavebeenoutofworkformonths?A.giveoff B.breakin C.turndown D.takeaway例3.Tomaintainahealthylifestyle,doctorsadvisepeopleto______high-sugarfoodsanddrinksasmuchaspossible.A.takein B.bringup C.breakdown D.keepoff1.Carolinedoesn'thaveanaturaltalentformusicbutshe_________itwithhardwork.A.livesupto B.makesupfor C.reachesoutto D.looksoutfor2.Thenewmodelelectriccarshould_________manysafetytestsbeforeitisreleasedtothepublic.A.turnout B.bringabout C.gothrough D.setup3.Wearedeterminedthatourteachertrainingprogramsshould________currentdevelopmentsinthefieldofeducation.A.catchsightof B.makeroomfor C.takepridein D.keeppacewith4.________asmallamountofmoneyeachmonthiswidelyrecognizedasagoodhabitforpersonalfinancemanagement.A.Pickingout B.Puttingaside C.Givingaway D.Gettingback5.IwantedtomakedumplingsbutfoundIhad________flour,soIwentouttobuysome.A.madeupfor B.runoutof C.keptawayfrom D.gotdownto一、单项选择1.Theweatherreportsaystherainwill________untiltheendofnextweek.A.keep B.stay C.last D.move2.Wouldyouplease________Kate________mybestwishestoeverybody?A.tell;give B.telling;giving C.tell;togive D.say;gives3.Withgreateffortsofthepeace-lovingpeopleallovertheworld,peopleofthecountry____thewar.A.survived B.survivedfrom C.survival D.survivedto4.Anumberoftraditions________celebratedinChinaduringtheSpringFestivaleveryyear.A.is B.was C.are D.were5.Itwasapitythathe__blind,buttothejoyofhisfamily,hisdreamofbecomingamusician_____trueatlast.A.came;came B.went;went C.came;went D.went;came6.Thebill________data-privacystandardsacrosstheEU,andtechcompanies________thatcompliancecostswillsoar.A.concernsabout;deeplyconcern B.concerns;aredeeplyconcernedC.concernsthat;aredeeplyconcernedabout D.isconcernedabout;aredeeplyconcerned7.Thiskindofcloth______welland______long.A.washes;islastedB.iswashed;lastingC.washes;lastsD.iswashing;lasting8.Manystudents______thebasicskillsneededtosolvecomplexmathproblems,whichmakesitdifficultforthemtoachievehighscores.A.lackof B.arelackingofC.lack D.arelackingfor9.IknowSophia’sfavouritestarisafemalesinger,soit________bethisactor.A.maynot B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t10.Someoftheapplesarebad,butIbelievetherest_________sweet.A.taste B.tastes C.istasted D.aretasted二、单句语法填空1.Itissuggestedthatyoushouldpracticemoreondailybasisto(sharp)yourbadmintonskills.2.NotuntilthenherealizetheimportanceofstudyingEnglish.3.Someexpertsthinkthatputtingafewplantstogetherinyourhomecan(pure)yourairdoesn’thavemuchhardsciencetobackitup.4.Physicalisimportant,butathletesalsoneedtotheirmentalresilience.(strength)5.Regulartraininghelpsathletestohigh-intensityworkouts,andthisiskeytosuccess.(adapt)6.Confucius,ofConfucianism,manyeducationalideasthatbecametheofChineseculture.(foundation)

7.InancientChina,localwouldmooncakeswithspecialmolds,andthesegoodsbecameanessentialpartofMid-Autumntraditions.(bakery)8.Ingroupstudy,weshouldavoidlettingonepersonthediscussion;instead,balancedparticipationhelpsreduceexcessiveandcreatesamoreharmoniouslearningatmospherewithoutvoicesovershadowingothers.(dominate)9.IrockmusicbecauseIthinkit’stoonoisy.(like)10.Whatyouusuallydoonline?一、阅读理解AWelcometoOurNewClubs!ChineseCalligraphyClubComeandjoinus,boysandgirls!YoucanenjoythebeautyofChinesecalligraphyandlearnhowtowriteChinesecharactersbeautifully.Ms.Zhaoiswaitingforyouhere.Time:3:00p.m.～5:00p.m.,ThursdayPlace:Room107ChineseKnotClubKnotscanalsobeart.Youcanlearntheoldstoriesbehindtheknotsandlearntomakeyourownones.Thetraditionalredknotswillbringyouhappinessandgoodluck.Time:8:00a.m.～10:00a.m.,TuesdayPlace:Room308TaichiClubAsanancientformofexercise,Taichibringspeacetoourmindandbodywithslowandquietmovements.Let’sfollowMr.Suanddoittogether.Itwillreducethestressinyourlife.Time:5:30p.m.～6:30p.m.,fromMondaytoFridayPlace:theYouthSquareBeijingOperaClubInourclub,youcanlearntoperformBeijingOperaandplayrolesfromancienttimes.Mr.WuisafamousBeijingOperaperformer.HegiveslessonseachFridayandwegotoMeiLanfangTheatertoenjoyBeijingOperashowsonceamonth.Time:8:00a.m.～11:00a.m.,FridayPlace:Room1051.Lucycangoto________ifshewantstowritebeautifulChinesecharacters.A.Room105 B.Room107 C.Room308 D.theYouthSquare2.Redknotsstandfor________inChineseculture.A.unhappiness B.peace C.goodluck D.oldstories3.YoucangototheTaichiClub________.A.at5:00p.m.onSunday B.at10:00a.m.onMondayC.at8:00a.m.onTuesday D.at5:30p.m.onFriday4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeijingOperaClub?A.ItslessonsaregivenbyMr.Su. B.Itsmembersmeetonceamonth.C.Itsteacherisagoodperformer. D.Itsmembersperformatatheater.BIwillalwaysremembermymother’slastfewdaysinthisworld.OnFebruary14th,2000,myclasswentonafieldtriptothebeach.Ihadsomuchfun.Whenwereturnedtoschool,myteachertoldmetogototheheadmaster’soffice.WhenIgotintotheoffice,Isawapoliceofficer.SuddenlyIknewsomethingwaswrong.Thepoliceofficertoldmemymotherwasbadlyillandwewenttopickmysisterup.Afterthat,wewenttothehospitalandwaited.Timewentslowly.Finally,wegottoseeourmother.Onthenextday,theheadmastercameandtoldmytwoteacherswhathadhappened.Iwastakingarestthatday.Iknewithadsomethingtodowithmymother.Ikeptthinkingthatsheeitherdiedorhadgottenbetter.HowIwishedthatshehadgottenbetter.Whenmyteachertookmeoutside,mysisterranuptome.Shestartedcrying,“She’sgone.Teresa,mommy’sgone.She’sdead.”Icouldn’tbelieveit.Wejumpedintothecaranddrovestraighttothehospital.Mostofmyfamilywerethere.Thesilencewasterrible.IknewIhadtosaygoodbye.TodaywhenIlookback,Istillmissmymotherverymuch,butIknowthatIwilllive.Mymotherwasastrongmother,whohadthebiggestheart.Mymotherwasanangelwalkingontheearth.Iwillalwaysrememberherasliving.Whensomeoneisaskedwhotheirherois,theyusuallysaysomeonefamous,likeMichaelJordanorBritneySpears.Whensomeoneasksmewhomyherois,Itellthem,mymother.Mymotherliveseveryday.Thatiswhatmakesheratruehero.5.Wherewastheauthorwhenshelearnedhermotherwasveryill?A.Onthebeach. B.Atthehospital. C.Atschool. D.Athome.6.Whobroughttheauthorthebadnewsthathermotherwasill?A.Hersister. B.Theheadmaster. C.Herteacher. D.Thepoliceofficer.7.Whatdidtheheadmastertellthetwoteachersabouttheauthoronthenextday?A.Hermotherhadbeenveryill. B.Hermotherhadbeendead.C.Hermotherhadgottenbetter. D.Hermotherhadcometoseeher.8.Fromthelastparagraphofthetextweknowthat________.A.theauthorisafraidofhermother B.theauthorisproudofhermotherC.theauthorfeelssadabouthermother D.theauthorfeelssorryforhermotherCAninnovativevirtualreality(VR)sportsprogram,usingadvancedartificialintelligence(AI),hasshownencouragingresultsinfightingagainstteenobesity(肥胖).Foreightweeks,nearly180overweightorobeseChineseteenagers,whowereborninthedigitalage,tookpartinavirtualcoachingprograminvolvingtabletennisandsoccer.ThenewVRsportsinitiativeispartofChina’seffortstopreventteenobesitybyusingthemostadvancedAItechnology.Teenobesityhasbecomeaglobalpublichealthcrisis.Chinaisnowprioritizingdealingwithteenobesityinitspublichealthinitiatives.Facedwiththischallenge,somescientistsareinvestigatingwhetherVRtechnologycanhelpdigitally-nativeteenagersreachweight-lossgoalssafelyandeffectively.AninternationalresearchteamledbyscientistsfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitydevelopedREVERIEtheworld’sfirstintelligentVRsportsinteractivesystem.ProfessorLiWei,aleadhealthscientistontheproject,explained:“Wecreatedatransformer-basedAIcoach,trainedusingdeepreinforcementlearning,whichprovidesreal-timefeedbackandadaptstoindividualperformance.”Intheeight-weektrial,participantsweredividedintogroupsengagingineitherreal-worldsports,namelytabletennisorsoccer,VR-basedversionsofthesamesports,oracontrolgroupwithnoadditionalexercise.Participantsoutsidethecontrolgroupreceivedexerciseintervention(干预)sessionsthreetimesaweek,inadditiontotheirregularphysicaleducationclassesatschool.Encouragingly,REVERIEhasdemonstratedsignificantpotentialinhelpingoverweightandobeseteensloseweight,improvecognitive(认知的)function,andmaintainlong-termexercisemotivation.BothVRandrealsportsgroupsshowedsimilarfatloss,withVRusersexperiencingadditionalcognitivebenefitsaccordingtothestudy.Especially,theVRgroupmaintainedhigherexercisemotivationsixmonthsafterthetrial.ProfessorChenLin,theproject’sprincipalinvestigator,emphasized,“REVERIEoffersapromisingsolutiontophysicalinactivity.Thesedigitalworkoutscanhelpovercomebarrierslikelowengagementandsocialanxiety.”TheresearchteamplanstoexpandtheuseofVRtechnologytoencouragehealthierlifestylesamongteens,supportingglobalhealtheffortstoimproveyouthwell-being.9.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheprogram?A.Tobringattentiontopublichealthissue. B.TofindouttheeffectivenessofVRsports.C.Toexplorethecausesofteenoverweight. D.Topromotesportsactivitiesamongteenagers.10.WhatdoesREVERIEfeature?A.Atransformer-basedAIcoach. B.Aninstantuserfeedbacksystem.C.AnupdatedversionofVRgame. D.Agroupexercisetrainingmethod.11.Whatdidtheresearchresultsprove?A.Extraexerciseisinsufficient. B.VRexercisehasalastingimpact.C.RegularPEclassesarelimited. D.Realsportscanimprovememory.12.WhatcanweinferfromProfessorChen’swords?A.Teenobesityisbecomingworse. B.REVERIEneedstobeimproved.C.REVERIEishelpfulforteenagers. D.Digitalworkoutsfacemanybarriers.DVeniceisnostrangertofloods.Thecityexperienceswaterincreasesfromtherisingtidesatleastfourtimesayear,usuallyduringwinter.However,the1.87-metertidethatsweptthroughthecityonNovember12,2019,wasoneofthehighesteverexperienced.Tomakemattersworse,itwasfollowedbytwoconsecutive(持续的)waterincreases.Therapidseriesofhightidescoveredover80percentofthecityofcanals,causingwidespreaddestruction(破坏)tomuseums,homes,andbusinesses.Thoughdifficult,itisalwaysimportanttofindasilverlining(困境中的一线希望)aftersuchevents.InVenice,ithascomeintheformofthe“AngelsoftheSalt”—hundredsofyouthvolunteerswhohavearrivedinthebeautifulcitytohelpwiththeclean-upefforts.PieroRisicasaid,“WhenwesawthehistoricfloodingonTuesdaynight,weimmediatelystartedtogathervolunteerstohelpthecity.Thefirstdaywewere200intheTelegramgroupandontheground.Yesterday550,andtodaymorethan1,700.”Inadditiontohelpingdrain(排空)thefloodwatersfromresidencesandbusinesses,theyoungvolunteersarealsocollectingthegarbageandwater-damageddevicesandtakingthemtorecyclingcenters.WhatmakesVenetiansannoyedisthatthedestructioncouldhavebeenavoidediftheMoveableBarrierSystem(MOSE)hadbeeninplace.Theprojecttoplacemoveablefloodgatesthatwouldstopthehightidesfromcoveringthecityhasbeenunderconstructionsince2003,andhasalreadycost$5billion.However,itisnowhereclosetocompletion.13.WhenisiteasyforVenicetoexperiencerisingtides?A.Inspring. B.Insummer. C.Inwinter.14.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.Totellustheinfluenceofhightides.B.TowarnthedangeroflivinginVenice.C.Tocomparethedifferencesofpasttides.15.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.AngelsoftheSaltisfamousinItaly.B.AngelsoftheSaltisinchargeofrescue.C.VolunteerstakeanactivepartintheactiontohelpVenice.16.WhatmakesVenetiansdissatisfied?A.TheunfinishedMOSE.B.ThedestructionofMOSE.C.Thewasteofalotofmoney.二、完形填空Inthelead-uptomyweddinglastyear,myboyfriend,Joe,andIweredeterminedtokeepthingsrelaxed.Inourview,the1ofaweddingwasnotto2aperfectfairytale.Itwastodowhatwasnecessaryto3ourfriendsandfamilytogetherandshowthemagoodtime.Still,despitehowoftenJoekept4“stress-free,stress-free”duringanywedding-planningdiscussion,stressstill5tocreepin(潜入).Thenumberof6involved,evenforasmallreception,canbeoverwhelming(压倒性的).Butsoonafterwesetourweddingdate,aremarkablethingstartedtohappen:EvenbeforeJoeandIcouldthinktoaskforhelp,offers7fromourfamilyandfriends.Wereceivedoffersboth8andgeneral.Thehelpwasmorethanwelcome,andmadeusfeel9.AsgratefulasIwas,though,Ialsofeltstrangelyuncomfortablewith10tasks.Isometimes11thatIwasaskingtoomuchofafriend(evenifIwasn’treallyasking;theywereoffering).I12ifweshouldpayforawedding13,ratherthantakingadvantageofourrelationships.We14tookmanypeopleupontheiroffers,sometimesunabletostopourselvesfromadding“Areyousure?”Theresultwasthatourweddingmadeitclearerthaneverbeforejusthowmuch