专题05 阅读七选五 （知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（解析版）

/专题05阅读七选五目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰学考要求 1基础知识梳理 1考点精讲讲练 2考点一：语篇结构题 2考点二：逻辑关系题 2考点三：语义衔接题 2考点四：语境推理题 2实战能力训练 51.掌握语篇结构和逻辑关系2.理解段落间的衔接与连贯3.识别上下文语义线索4.运用推理能力补全信息学考阅读七选五题型考查的内容相当全面，重点测试学生对文章整体结构和逻辑关系的把握能力。语篇结构：考查学生对文章组织方式的理解，包括总分结构、并列结构、因果结构、对比结构等。学生需要理清文章的脉络和发展方向。逻辑关系：考查学生对转折、因果、递进、举例、总结等逻辑关系的识别能力。常见的逻辑关系词包括：however,therefore,moreover,forexample,inconclusion等。语义衔接：考查学生通过代词指代、词汇复现、同义替换等手段理解文章衔接的能力。例如：this,that,these,those等指示代词的指代对象。语境理解：考查学生根据上下文推测缺失信息的能力。需要学生准确把握文章的语境和语义场。（一）语篇结构题考查形式及示例：学考七选五重点考查对文章整体结构的把握。例如在一篇说明文中，需要选择能够承上启下或总结全段的句子。解题技巧：通读全文，把握文章主旨；分析段落间的逻辑关系；注意段首句和段尾句的作用；识别文章的组织结构。答题注意事项：避免选择与文章主题无关的选项；注意选项与前后文的逻辑衔接；确保所选选项符合文章的文体特征。（二）逻辑关系题考查形式及示例：考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解。需要选择恰当的过渡句或连接词。例如：Theexperimentwaswelldesigned.______,theresultswerenotasexpected.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Meanwhile解题技巧：分析前后句的逻辑关系；熟悉各类逻辑关系词的用法；注意中英文表达习惯的差异。答题注意事项：区分相似逻辑关系词的细微差别；注意语气强弱的把握；确保逻辑关系词与语境相符。（三）语义衔接题考查形式及示例：考查通过语义线索补全信息的能力。需要选择与上下文在语义上衔接自然的选项。例如通过代词指代、词汇复现等线索解题。解题技巧：寻找上下文中的语义线索；注意代词所指代的内容；识别同义词、反义词和上下义词；分析词汇的搭配关系。答题注意事项：确保代词指代明确；注意词汇的语义场一致性；避免语义重复或矛盾。（四）语境推理题考查形式及示例：考查根据语境推理缺失信息的能力。需要选择符合语境和常识的选项。例如根据文章的语气、风格和内容进行推理。解题技巧：把握文章的基调和风格；利用背景知识和常识；注意作者的观点态度；分析语境中的隐含信息。答题注意事项：推理要基于文本证据；避免过度推断或个人主观臆断；确保选项与语境协调一致。解题步骤指导：第一步：快速浏览全文，了解文章大意和结构，特别注意首段和尾段。第二步：阅读七个选项，理解每个选项的基本意思，标注关键词。第三步：分析空白处的位置和作用，判断需要什么类型的句子。第四步：根据语义衔接、逻辑关系、语境协调等原则选择最佳选项。第五步：通读全文，检查所选选项是否使文章意思通顺、逻辑连贯。时间分配建议：建议用6-8分钟完成一篇七选五，其中2分钟用于初读和理解文章，3-4分钟用于选择答案，1-2分钟用于检查。常见干扰项特征：1.内容相关但逻辑不符2.语义重复或信息冗余3.偏离文章主题4.语气风格不一致5.代词指代不明确例题精练，举一反三第一篇根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheImportanceofTimeManagementTimemanagementisacrucialskillforstudentstomaster.Withpropertimemanagement,studentscanachievebetteracademicresultswhilestillhavingtimeforextracurricularactivities.1.______First,createastudyschedule.Planyourstudytimeforeachsubjectaccordingtoitsdifficultyandyourproficiency.2.______Thiswillhelpyoustayorganizedandensurethatyoucoverallnecessarymaterials.Second,setcleargoals.Havingspecific,measurablegoalswillkeepyoumotivated.3.______Forexample,insteadofsaying"IwanttoimprovemyEnglish,"setagoallike"Iwilllearn20newEnglishwordseveryday."Third,eliminatedistractions.Findaquietplacetostudyandturnoffyourphonenotifications.4.______Thiswillhelpyouconcentratebetterandcompletetasksmoreefficiently.Finally,remembertotakebreaks.5.______Takingshortbreaksduringstudysessionscanactuallyimproveyourfocusandproductivity.A.MakesureyourgoalsarerealisticandachievableB.Manystudentsfailbecausetheydon'tknowhowtomanagetheirtimeC.HerearesomeeffectivestrategiestoimproveyourtimemanagementskillsD.SocialmediacanbeamajordistractionformoststudentsE.StudyingforlonghourswithoutbreakscanleadtoburnoutF.YoushouldalsoincludetimeforrevisionandpracticeG.It'simportanttobalancestudyandrest答案与解析：1.C解析：承上启下句。前文提到时间管理的重要性，后文开始介绍具体策略，C项自然过渡到策略介绍。2.F解析：细节补充句。前文提到制定学习计划，F项补充说明计划中还应包含复习和练习时间。3.A解析：逻辑递进句。前文说设定明确目标，A项进一步说明目标要现实可行，与后文举例相呼应。4.D解析：例证说明句。前文说消除干扰，D项具体说明社交媒体是主要干扰源。5.E解析：原因解释句。前文说记得休息，E项解释为什么要休息——长时间学习会导致倦怠。多余选项：B（与文章积极基调不符）、G（与第五点内容重复）第二篇根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoImproveYourReadingSkillsReadingisanessentialskillforEnglishlearning.Manystudentsstrugglewithreadingcomprehension,buttherearewaystoimprove.6.______First,developareadinghabit.TrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday,evenifit'sjustfor15minutes.7.______Thiswillhelpyoubecomemorecomfortablewiththelanguage.Second,chooseappropriatereadingmaterials.Startwithtextsthatmatchyourcurrentlevel.8.______Asyouprogress,youcanmoveontomorechallengingmaterials.Third,learntoguesswordmeaningsfromcontext.Don'tlookupeverynewwordinthedictionaryimmediately.9.______Thisskillwillhelpyoureadmorefluently.Fourth,practicedifferentreadingtechniques.Learnwhentoskimformainideasandwhentoscanforspecificinformation.10.______Thesetechniqueswillmakeyouamoreefficientreader.Finally,bepatient.Improvingreadingskillstakestimeandconsistenteffort.A.Youcanbeginwithsimplifiedreadersorchildren'sbooksB.GoodreadersalwaysuseadictionarywhentheyencounternewwordsC.HerearesomepracticaltipsthatcanhelpyoubecomeabetterreaderD.Manystudentsgiveuptooquicklywhentheydon'tseeimmediateresultsE.Instead,trytounderstandthemeaningfromthesurroundingwordsandsentencesF.Themoreyouread,thebetteryourreadingskillswillbecomeG.Differentreadingpurposesrequiredifferentreadingstrategies答案与解析：6.C解析：承上启下句。前文提出阅读的重要性，C项自然过渡到具体建议。7.F解析：原因解释句。前文建议每天阅读，F项解释这样做的益处——读得越多，技能越好。8.A解析：例证说明句。前文说选择适合自己水平的材料，A项举例说明可以从简写本或儿童书籍开始。9.E解析：转折递进句。前文说不要立即查字典，E项用instead转折，提出应该通过上下文猜测词义。10.G解析：原因解释句。前文说练习不同的阅读技巧，G项解释为什么要这样做——不同的阅读目的需要不同的策略。多余选项：B（与第九点建议矛盾）、D（与文章积极的建议语气不符）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。1Ifyouwanttokeepfit,pleaserefertothefollowing.MoveMoreMakeitadailythingtofindwaystomoveyourbody.1.Climbstairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.Walkyourdog.Playwithyourkids.Itdoesn’thavetobeanhourinthegymora45-minutedanceclass.Butthat’sgreatwhenyou’reuptoit.Atthesametime,movemore.QuitSmokingEversince1960whenitwasannouncedthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth,Americanshavebeenreducingtheiruseoftobaccoproducts.Justrecently,we’veseenmoreandmoreteenssmoking.CoulditbetheHollywoodinfluence?2.Takecare!Warnyourchildrenagainstsmoking.3Whilerecentstudiesshowaglassofwineoronedrinkadaycanhelpprotectagainstheartdisease,morethanthatcancauseotherhealthproblemssuchasliverandkidney(肝肾)diseaseandcancer.ReduceStressEasiersaidthandone,stresscomesinmanyways.4.Spend30minutesadaydoingsomethingyoulikesuchaswalkingonthebeachorinapark,readingagoodbook,visitingafriend,listeningtorelaxingmusic,andwatchingafunnymovie.ProtectYourselffromPollutionIfyoucan’tliveinasmog-freeenvironment,atleastavoidsmoke-filledrooms.5.Exerciseindoorsinairconditioningwhenairqualityisgood.A．AvoidExcessive(过度的)DrinkingB．KeepaPositiveMentalOutlookC．ThinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldoD．ExerciseoutsidewhenthesmogratingislowE．ItseemsthatthestarsineverymoviesmokecigarettesF．TherearemanythingsyoucandotomoveyourarmsandlegsG．Sometechniquesgivenbyexpertsaretothinkpositivethoughts【答案】1．F2．E3．A4．G5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了保持健康的几个方法，包括多运动、戒烟、避免过量饮酒、减轻压力和远离污染。1．根据上文“Makeitadailythingtofindwaystomoveyourbody.(每天都要想办法活动身体。)”以及下文“Climbstairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.Walkyourdog.Playwithyourkids.(爬楼梯而不是乘电梯。遛狗。和你的孩子一起玩。)”可知，上文提到要多活动身体，下文列举了具体的活动方式，F选项“Therearemanythingsyoucandotomoveyourarmsandlegs(有很多事情可以让你活动四肢)”起到承上启下的作用，既呼应了“moveyourbody”，又引出了下文的具体活动。故选F项。2．根据上文“Justrecently,we’veseenmoreandmoreteenssmoking.CoulditbetheHollywoodinfluence?(就在最近，我们看到越来越多的青少年吸烟。会不会是好莱坞的影响呢？)”可知，此处是在猜测青少年吸烟与好莱坞的关系，E选项“Itseemsthatthestarsineverymoviesmokecigarettes(似乎每部电影里的明星都吸烟)”承接上文，进一步解释了好莱坞对青少年吸烟的影响。故选E项。3．根据设空位置和下文“Whilerecentstudiesshowaglassofwineoronedrinkadaycanhelpprotectagainstheartdisease,morethanthatcancauseotherhealthproblemssuchasliverandkidneydiseaseandcancer.(虽然最近的研究表明，每天一杯葡萄酒或一杯酒精饮品有助于预防心脏病，但超过这个量会导致其他健康问题，如肝肾疾病和癌症。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是饮酒过量的危害，A选项“AvoidExcessiveDrinking(避免过量饮酒)”概括了段落主旨，可以作为本段的小标题。故选A项。4．根据上文“Easiersaidthandone,stresscomesinmanyways.(说起来容易做起来难，压力来自很多方面。)”以及下文“Spend30minutesadaydoingsomethingyoulikesuchaswalkingonthebeachorinapark,readingagoodbook,visitingafriend,listeningtorelaxingmusic,andwatchingafunnymovie.(每天花30分钟做一些自己喜欢的事情，比如在海滩或公园散步、读一本好书、拜访朋友、听舒缓的音乐，以及看一部有趣的电影。)”可知，此处是在介绍减轻压力的方法，G选项“Sometechniquesgivenbyexpertsaretothinkpositivethoughts(专家给出的一些技巧是积极思考)”，承接上文提到了一种减压技巧，且与下文的具体活动相呼应。故选G项。5．根据上文“Ifyoucan’tliveinasmog-freeenvironment,atleastavoidsmoke-filledrooms.(如果你不能生活在无雾霾的环境中，至少要避免烟雾弥漫的房间。)”以及下文“Exerciseindoorsinairconditioningwhenairqualityisgood.(空气质量好的时候在有空调的室内锻炼。)”可知，此处是在讲在不同空气质量下的锻炼方式，D选项“Exerciseoutsidewhenthesmogratingislow(雾霾指数低的时候在户外锻炼)”，承接上文介绍了室内锻炼这一方式，且与下文的“Exerciseindoors”形成对比。故选D项。2WhatIsTheBestSleepPositionForYourHealth?It’sdifficulttocontrolwhatsleepingpositionwenaturallyfallinto,asourbodywillsubconsciouslyfallintothemostcomfortablepositionforus.However,somepositionsarebetterforyouthanothersandsomecouldholdbackyourhealthandwellbeing.6IfyousleeponyoursideMorethan60percentofpeoplesleepontheirside.Oftenourbodynaturallymovestothisposition,whichislinkedtowhenwewereinthewombinthefoetal(胎儿的)position.7Itoffersanumberofbenefitstoyourbody,frompromotinghealthyspinealignment(脊椎对齐)whichcanhelptopreventbackpaintoreducingheartburnandsnoring(打鼾).IfyousleeponyourbackLyingonyourbackisthesecondmostpopularsleepingpositionandoffersjustasmanybenefitsassidesleeping.Whenyou’resleepingonyourback,it’seasytokeepalignmentandtoalsoevenlydistributeyourweight.8IfyousleeponyourstomachSleepingonyourstomachistheleastcommonsleepingposition.9Andthosewhosleepontheirstomachcouldputthemselvesatriskofalessrestfulnight’ssleep.Thestomachofferstheleastamountofbacksupportandcanincreasepressureonthespinewhichmaycausepainonceyouwakeup.10Youshouldconsidervariousfactorssuchasifyousnoreorsuffersleepproblems,orifyouoftenhavebackandneckpain.Sidesleepinghasbeennotedasthebestpositionforthebody,sothisisprobablyonetotryandgetintothehabitoftrying,butagain,italldependsonyou.A．Sleepingonyoursideisprobablythebestposition.B．Thisalsohelpstopreventanyneckandbackpain.C．Sidesleepingwouldbeparticularlybeneficialforolderpeople.D．Therearemorenegativestothispositioncomparedtopositives.E．Determiningthesleepingpositionforyouispersonalpreference.F．Thisismostlikelybecauseitisoneofthemostcomfortablesleepingpositions.G．Here,thisarticlerevealsexactlyhowyoursleeppositionisaffectingyourhealth.【答案】6．G7．A8．B9．D10．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同的睡眠姿势对健康的影响，以及如何选择适合自己的睡眠姿势。6．根据上文“However,somepositionsarebetterforyouthanothersandsomecouldholdbackyourhealthandwellbeing.(然而，有些姿势对你来说比其他姿势更好，有些则可能阻碍你的健康和幸福。)”以及下文分别介绍侧睡、仰卧睡和俯卧睡三种姿势的内容可知，上文提到不同睡眠姿势对健康影响不同，下文将具体阐述，G选项“Here,thisarticlerevealsexactlyhowyoursleeppositionisaffectingyourhealth.(在这里，这篇文章确切地揭示了你的睡眠姿势是如何影响你的健康的。)”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对不同睡眠姿势影响的介绍。故选G项。7．根据上文“Morethan60percentofpeoplesleepontheirside.Oftenourbodynaturallymovestothisposition,whichislinkedtowhenwewereinthewombinthefoetalposition.(超过60%的人侧睡。通常我们的身体会自然地调整到这个姿势，这与我们在子宫里时的胎儿姿势有关。)”以及下文“Itoffersanumberofbenefitstoyourbody,frompromotinghealthyspinealignment(脊椎对齐)whichcanhelptopreventbackpaintoreducingheartburnandsnoring.(它对你的身体有诸多益处，从促进健康的并有助于预防背痛的脊椎对齐到减少烧心和打鼾。)”可知，此处应是对侧睡这一姿势的评价，A选项“Sleepingonyoursideisprobablythebestposition.(侧睡可能是最好的姿势。)”，承接上文人们喜欢侧睡的原因说明了侧睡是最好的睡姿，同时又引出下文说明了其具体好处。故选A项。8．根据上文“Whenyou’resleepingonyourback,it’seasytokeepalignmentandtoalsoevenlydistributeyourweight.(当你仰卧睡觉时，很容易保持身体对齐，也能均匀分布体重。)”可知，此处应是说明仰卧睡的好处，B选项“Thisalsohelpstopreventanyneckandbackpain.(这也有助于防止任何颈部和背部疼痛。)”中的“this”指代上文仰卧睡的优势，且补充了另一好处，逻辑连贯。故选B项。9．根据上文“Sleepingonyourstomachistheleastcommonsleepingposition.(俯卧睡是最不常见的睡眠姿势。)”以及下文“Andthosewhosleepontheirstomachcouldputthemselvesatriskofalessrestfulnight’ssleep.(而且那些俯卧睡的人可能会让自己面临睡眠质量不佳的风险。)”可知，此处应是说俯卧睡的缺点，D选项“Therearemorenegativestothispositioncomparedtopositives.(这个姿势的缺点比优点多。)”，呼应上文指出俯卧的缺点，且下文的风险进一步说明了这一点。故选D项。10．根据下文“Youshouldconsidervariousfactorssuchasifyousnoreorsuffersleepproblems,orifyouoftenhavebackandneckpain.Sidesleepinghasbeennotedasthebestpositionforthebody,sothisisprobablyonetotryandgetintothehabitoftrying,butagain,italldependsonyou.(你应该考虑各种因素，比如你是否打鼾或有睡眠问题，或者你是否经常背痛和脖子痛。侧卧被认为是对身体最好的姿势，所以这可能是一种值得尝试并养成习惯的姿势，但同样，这一切都取决于你。)”可知，此处强调选择睡眠姿势是个人的事，E选项“Determiningthesleepingpositionforyouispersonalpreference.(确定适合你的睡眠姿势是个人偏好。)”，说明选择睡姿是个人偏好，引出下文选择睡姿要考虑个人情况的陈述。故选E项。3Amajorityofpeopledesiretobecometheextroverts(外向的人).11Forexample,quietpeoplearegoodobservers.Insuchafast-pacedworld,quietpeople,withlesstimespentchatting,havemoreenergytoobservesituationsandpeople.Askaquietpersontheirthoughtsonasituationorperson,andyoumaybesurprisedtoreceiveanextremelyreflectiveanswer.12Quietpeoplethinkbeforetheyspeak.Inaworkdiscussionwithcolleagues,thequietmenandwomenhardlyspeaksuddenly,andinstead,theylistencarefully.Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.13Becausetheyaresoselectivewithwords,whentheyspeak,itseemslikethewholeworldstopstolistentowhattheyhavetosay.14Withtheirquiet,relaxedtemperament(性情),quietpeopleareoftentheearsthatothersruntoforadvice,andarealsorespectedfortheirgoodlisteningskillsandcautiouswords.Additionally,quietpeoplerarelyannoyothersintheirpresenceandtheyoftenmakeothersfeelatease.Quietpeopleworkonamoreproductivebasis.Quietpeopletendtobefreefromthedistractionsthatoftencomefrombeingaroundpeoplealldaylong.15Itiscommontoobserveaquietco-worker,aloneinhisorherofficeforhoursatatimeworkingonthequietfocus.A．Lesstalkingmeansmorereflectingandobserving,sotheywon’tmissmuch.B．Quietpeopleseemaccessible.C．Actuallyquietpeoplehavetheirownstrengths,though.D．Consequently,theyarecapableofaccomplishingalotontheirquietfocus.E．Itisraretoseeaquietfriendspeakrudely.F．Inthisway,theywilltakethetimetoensurewhattheyaresayingistrue.G．Quietpeoplearemoreintelligent.【答案】11．C12．A13．F14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章从善于观察、三思而后言、善于倾听、工作高效专注四个角度展开论证，反驳“多数人渴望成为外向者”的普遍认知，强调内向者亦有独特优势。11．根据第一段首句“Amajorityofpeopledesiretobecometheextroverts.(大多数人渴望成为外向的人)”和第三句“Forexample,quietpeoplearegoodobservers.(例如，安静的人是很好的观察者)”可知，这是将外向的人和安静的人作对比，说明安静的人的优势。第一题位于它们之间，要满足承上启下原则，打破“外向优于安静”的刻板印象，C项“实际上，安静的人也有他们自己的优势”，能引出下文举例内容。故选C。12．第二题在第二段句首，要满足主题一致原则，后文围绕它展开论述。根据这段话中的“Quietpeoplethinkbeforetheyspeak.Inaworkdiscussionwithcolleagues,thequietmenandwomenhardlyspeaksuddenly,andinstead,theylistencarefully.Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.(安静的人在开口前会思考。在与同事的工作讨论中，安静的男女很少突然发言，相反，他们会认真倾听。由于说话时间较少，安静的人有时间在开口前进行真正的思考)”可推断，安静的人虽然说话不多，但他们会多思考，A项“少说话意味着多反思与多观察，因此他们不会错过太多”，与推断相吻合。故选A。13．第三题在第二段中间，根据它前面一句“Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.(由于花在交谈上的时间较少，安静的人有时间在开口前进行认真思考)”和后面一句“Becausetheyaresoselectivewithwords,whentheyspeak,itseemslikethewholeworldstopstolistentowhattheyhavetosay.(因为他们用词极为考究，所以当他们开口时，仿佛整个世界都停下来聆听他们要说的话)”可推知，由于安静的人热衷思考，他们开口说话时更有可信度。本题位于它们之间，要满足承上启下的原则，体现安静的人说话时具有真实性，F项“如此一来，他们便会花时间确保自己所言属实”，满足承上启下的功能。故选F。14．第四题在第三段句首，要满足主题一致原则，后文围绕它展开论述。根据下文“Withtheirquiet,relaxedtemperament(性情),quietpeopleareoftentheearsthatothersruntoforadvice,andarealsorespectedfortheirgoodlisteningskillsandcautiouswords.Additionally,quietpeoplerarelyannoyothersintheirpresenceandtheyoftenmakeothersfeelatease.(性格安静、沉稳的人，往往是他人寻求建议时会找的倾听者，他们良好的倾听技巧和谨慎的言辞也备受尊重。此外，安静的人在与人相处时很少惹恼他人，他们常常能让别人感到自在)”可知，安静的人平易近人，B项“安静的人似乎平易近人”，与推断相吻合。故选B。15．第五题在第四段中间，结合它前面一句“Quietpeopletendtobefreefromthedistractionsthatoftencomefrombeingaroundpeoplealldaylong.(安静的人往往不会受到那些常常源于整日与人相处而产生的干扰)”和后面一句“Itiscommontoobserveaquietco-worker,aloneinhisorherofficeforhoursatatimeworkingonthequietfocus.(人们常常会看到一位安静的同事，独自在办公室里一待就是几个小时，专注地安静工作)”可知，安静的人工作不会分心，工作效率高，本题位于它们之间，要满足承上启下的原则，体现安静的人能专注工作并取得成绩，D项表示“因此，凭借沉稳的专注力，他们能够收获丰硕成果”，与推断相吻合。故选D。4BreakingAgeBiasintheWorkplaceAgeismintheworkplaceisaharshreality,yetitisoftenoverlooked.Whilepeoplevoicestrongobjectionstootherformsofdiscriminationlikesexismandracism,theyturnablindeyetoageismandsweepitunderthecarpet.16Weliveinayouth-centeredsociety,andthehypearound“outwiththeold,inwiththenew”mustend.ExperiencecannotbefoundonGoogle.Aperson’sagedoesnotreducetheirabilitytoworkhardormakevaluablecontributionstoanorganizationorsociety.Reaching35+doesnotmeansomeoneisincompetentandshouldbedeclined.Mythssuchas“Theycan’tlearn.”“Theylackcreativity.”“Theyarelessproductivethanyoungeremployees.”and“Theycan’tworkovertime.”areallbasedonfalsepremises.17Inthepast,agewasadmiredandhonored.18Thisshiftinattitudetowardagehurtsmanycareerpaths.Beingover40isonlyacceptableincertainseniorroles—forexample,inmanagementandpolitics,wherepeopletrustthosewithdecadesofexperience.Manypeopleover40arestuckintheircurrentjobsbecauseopportunitiesarelimited.19Undoubtedly,itwillgiverisetoserioussocialissuessoonerorlater.So,it’shightimetoendage-baseddiscrimination.Weshouldnotfearorfeelembarrassedtostateourage.Agebringswisdom,experience,knowledge,resilience,andmore.Ageandexperiencedeserverewards,notbias.20Afterall,weallgrowoldeventually.A．Experienceisatreasuregainedonlythroughtime.B．Today,however,itisoftenviewedwithdisrespect.C．Ageismisthusmorehiddenthanotherkindsofdiscrimination.D．Thus,weshouldvalueageinsteadofseeingitasaweakness.E．Andlimitedchancesmaketheirprofessionallivesunpromising.F．Suchwrongideasignoretherealvalueofolderworkers.G．Thisdisregardworsensduetosociety’swrongfocusonyouth.【答案】16．G17．F18．B19．E20．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章聚焦“职场年龄偏见”这一话题，剖析了职场中年龄歧视的现状、成因及危害，呼吁终结基于年龄的歧视，重视年龄与经验的价值。16．前一段“Ageismintheworkplaceisaharshreality,yetitisoftenoverlooked.Whilepeoplevoicestrongobjectionstootherformsofdiscriminationlikesexismandracism,theyturnablindeyetoageismandsweepitunderthecarpet.(工作场所的年龄歧视是一个残酷的现实，但它往往被忽视。虽然人们强烈反对性别歧视和种族主义等其他形式的歧视，但他们对年龄歧视视而不见，并将其掩盖起来)”指出职场中年龄歧视常被忽视的现象，后文“Weliveinayouth-centeredsociety,andthehypearound“outwiththeold,inwiththenew”mustend.(我们生活在一个以年轻人为中心的社会，“淘汰旧的，引进新的”的炒作必须结束)”提及终结以年轻人为中心的炒作，因此G项“Thisdisregardworsensduetosociety’swrongfocusonyouth.(这种忽视因社会对年轻人的错误关注而加剧)”符合语境，承接前一段的现象描述，引出后文的终结话题，其中的Thisdisregard指代前文的ageism。故选G。17．前文“Mythssuchas“Theycan’tlearn.”“Theylackcreativity.”“Theyarelessproductivethanyoungeremployees.”and“Theycan’tworkovertime.”areallbasedonfalsepremises.(诸如“他们不会学习”“他们缺乏创造力”“他们的工作效率比年轻员工低”和“他们不能加班”之类的谬论都是基于错误的前提)”列举了各种关于年长员工的错误认知，因此F项“Suchwrongideasignoretherealvalueofolderworkers.(这些错误观念忽视了年长员工的真正价值)”符合语境，总结批判这些错误认知，承接前文。故选F。18．前文“Inthepast,agewasadmiredandhonored.(在过去，年长是受钦佩和尊敬的)”提到在过去对待年长的积极态度，后文“Thisshiftinattitudetowardagehurtsmanycareerpaths.(这种对年长态度的转变伤害了许多职业道路)”指出对年龄态度的转变引发的负面后果，因此B项“Today,however,itisoftenviewedwithdisrespect.(然而，如今它常常被轻蔑地看待)”符合语境，指出如今对年长的消极态度，和前文构成转折对比，引出后文。故选B。19．前文“Manypeopleover40arestuckintheircurrentjobsbecauseopportunitiesarelimited.(许多40岁以上的人因为机会有限而被困在目前的工作中)”提到许多40岁以上的人面临的职业困境，后文“Undoubtedly,itwillgiverisetoserioussocialissuessoonerorlater.(毫无疑问，这迟早会引起严重的社会问题)”指出更大的社会问题，因此E项“Andlimitedchancesmaketheirprofessionallivesunpromising.(而有限的机会使他们的职业生活前景黯淡)”符合语境，指出机会有限带来的后果，承前启后，其中的limitedchances和前文的opportunitiesarelimited呼应。故选E。20．前文“Agebringswisdom,experience,knowledge,resilience,andmore.Ageandexperiencedeserverewards,notbias.(年长带来智慧、经验、知识、适应力等等。年长和经验值得回报，而不是偏见)”肯定年长的各种益处，后文“Afterall,weallgrowoldeventually.(毕竟，我们最终都会变老)”提醒人皆会老事实，因此D项“Thus,weshouldvalueageinsteadofseeingitasaweakness.(因此，我们应该珍视年长，而不是将其视为劣势)”符合语境，呼吁终结年龄歧视，和前文构成因果关系，后文是对其补充说明。故选D。5Urbanareasaroundtheworldarefacingagrowingissue:theriseofstrayanimals,includingcatsanddogs.Theseanimalsoftenstruggletofindfoodandshelter,andtheycanalsoposeriskstopublichealthifnotproperlymanaged.21However,withtherightstrategies,communitiescanturnthetideandcreateasafer,morecompassionateenvironmentforbothhumansandstrayanimals.Oneeffectivestepistoestablishcommunityfeedingstations.22Thesestationsshouldbeplacedinquiet,low-trafficareastoavoiddisturbingresidents,andtheyshouldberegularlycleanedtopreventthespreadofdisease.Byprovidingconsistentfoodsources,communitiescanreducethenumberofstrayanimalswanderingthestreetsinsearchofmeals—whichalsolowerstheriskofconflictsbetweenstraysandhumans.Anotherkeymeasureistopromotetrap-neuter-return(TNR)programs.23Insteadofeuthanizingstrayanimals(acommonbutinhumanepracticeinsomeareas),TNRinvolvestrappingstrays,havingthemspayedorneuteredbyaveterinarian,andthenreturningthemtotheiroriginallocation.Thisnotonlycontrolsthestraypopulationovertimebutalsohelpskeephealthyanimalsintheirfamiliarhabitats,wheretheyarelesslikelytobecomeaggressive.Educationalsoplaysacrucialroleinstrayanimalprotection.24Manypeopleabandonpetsbecausetheycannotaffordmedicalcareordonotunderstandtheresponsibilityofpetownership.Localorganizationscanhostworkshopsonpetcare,offerlow-costvaccinationservices,andraiseawarenessabouttheconsequencesofabandoninganimals.Whenresidentsunderstandtheissues,theyaremorelikelytosupportprotectionefforts—andlesslikelytocontributetotheproblem.Finally,buildingpartnershipsbetweenlocalgovernments,animalshelters,andcommunitymembersisessential.25Forexample,shelterscanprovidetheresourcesforTNRprograms,whilevolunteerscanhelpmonitorfeedingstationsandreportsickorinjuredstrays.Governmentscanpasslawsthatbananimalabandonmentandfundspay-neuterservices.Wheneveryoneworkstogether,theimpactofstrayanimalprotectioneffortsmultipliessignificantly.A．Theseprogramsaredesignedtocontrolthestrayanimalpopulationwithoutharmingthem.B．Strayanimalscancarrydiseaseslikerabies,whichcanbetransmittedtohumansandotherpets.C．Feedingstraysdirectlyonthestreetcanleadtolitterandattractpestslikerats,soorganizedstationsarebetter.D．Manypeopleareafraidofstrayanimalsandwantthemtoberemovedfromtheirneighborhoodsimmediately.E．Somecommunitieshaveevenstarted“strayfriend”programs,wherevolunteerscheckonlocalstraysdaily.F．Withoutsuchpartnerships,individualeffortstoprotectstrayanimalsoftenfailtomakealong-termdifference.G．Petownersshouldberequiredtoregistertheiranimalsandkeepthemonleashesinpublicareastopreventloss.【答案】21．B22．C23．A24．D25．F【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是世界各地城市地区面临流浪动物增多的问题，介绍了解决该问题的有效策略。21．空前“Urbanareasaroundtheworldarefacingagrowingissue:theriseofstrayanimals,includingcatsanddogs.Theseanimalsoftenstruggletofindfoodandshelter,andtheycanalsoposeriskstopublichealthifnotproperlymanaged.(世界各地的城市都面临着一个日益严重的问题：流浪动物的增多，包括猫和狗。这些动物往往难以找到食物和住所，如果管理不当，它们还可能对公众健康构成威胁。)”说明了流浪动物增多的现象和如果管理不当，它们可能会对公众健康构成威胁，空格处应该补充说明会有什么具体的健康方面的威胁，B选项“Strayanimalscancarrydiseaseslikerabies,whichcanbetransmittedtohumansandotherpets.(流浪动物会携带狂犬病等疾病，这种疾病会传染给人类和其他宠物。)”说明的是流浪动物带来的具体的威胁，承接上文，符合语境。故选B。22．空前“Oneeffectivestepistoestablishcommunityfeedingstations.(一个有效的步骤是建立社区供给站。)”说明本段要讲喂流浪动物方面的内容，空后“Thesestationsshouldbeplacedinquiet,low-trafficareastoavoiddisturbingresidents,andtheyshouldberegularlycleanedtopreventthespreadofdisease.(这些站点应放置在安静，人流量低的地区，以避免打扰居民，并应定期清洁，以防止疾病传播。)”说明站点应该怎么设置，空格处应该和喂动物的站点有关，C选项“Feedingstraysdirectlyonthestreetcanleadtolitterandattractpestslikerats,soorganizedstationsarebetter.(在街上直接喂养流浪狗会导致垃圾和吸引老鼠等害虫，所以有组织的站点更好。)”说明了设置站点的必要性，引出下文站点应该如何设置，因此引起下文，符合语境。故选C。23．空前“Anotherkeymeasureistopromotetrap-neuter-return(TNR)programs.(另一项关键措施是推行陷阱-绝育-放归（TNR）计划。)”提到了推行陷阱-中性回报（TNR）计划，空格处应该说这些计划相关的内容，A选项“Theseprogramsaredesignedtocontrolthestrayanimalpopulationwithoutharmingthem.(这些计划旨在控制流浪动物的数量而不伤害它们。)”中的programs和上文的trap-neuter-return(TNR)programs一致，说明了这些计划的目的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。24．空后“Manypeopleabandonpetsbecausetheycannotaffordmedicalcareordonotunderstandtheresponsibilityofpetownership.(许多人抛弃宠物是因为他们负担不起医疗费用，或者不明白养宠物的责任。)”说明了很多人的错误的做法，本段主旨句是“Educationalsoplaysacrucialroleinstrayanimalprotection.(教育在流浪动物保护中也起着至关重要的作用。)”，说明要对人们一些不恰当的行为进行教育，D选项“Manypeopleareafraidofstrayanimalsandwantthemtoberemovedfromtheirneighborhoodsimmediately.(许多人害怕流浪动物，希望它们立即离开他们的社区。)”说的是人们不好的想法，从而突出了教育的重要性，且和后文不恰当的做法相呼应，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选D。25．空前“Finally,buildingpartnershipsbetweenlocalgovernments,animalshelters,andcommunitymembersisessential.(最后，在地方政府、动物收容所和社区成员之间建立伙伴关系至关重要。)”说明了在地方政府、动物收容所和社区成员之间建立伙伴关系至关重要，空格处也应该强调这种伙伴关系的重要性，F选项“Withoutsuchpartnerships,individualeffortstoprotectstrayanimalsoftenfailtomakealong-termdifference.(如果没有这样的伙伴关系，个人保护流浪动物的努力往往无法产生长期的影响。)”突出了建立这种伙伴关系的重要性，承接上文，符合语境。故选F。6Recycling(回收利用)hasbecomemoreandmoreimportantinoureffortstoprotecttheenvironment.Whileyoumayworkhardtogroup,reuse,andrepurpose,itcanbesadwhenyoureffortsseemfruitlessbecauseofyourneighbors’carelessness.26However,usingthesewayscanhelpencourageyourneighborstotakeaction:·Makerecyclingeasy:addbins(垃圾桶)toyourarea.Thebestwaytogetpeopletodosomethingistomakeiteasyforthem.Placerecyclingbinsnexttotrashcansinbusyareassuchasparksandparkinglots.Tryusingbinswithdifferentcolors.27Checkwithyourlocaldisposalservice;theymayofferfreebinstoyourneighborsandregularpickupservices.·28Organizeanactivitytobringthecommunitytogetherwhileteachingthemabouttheadvantagesofrecycling.Explainhowdevelopingthesesmallhabitscanhelpourplanet.Trycreatingclearrulesexplaininglocalrulestohomesandbusinesses.Thiscanhelpneighborsw