中考英语阅读理解热点话题专练（科技类）

中考英语阅读理解热点话题专练（科技类）科技类阅读理解在中考考题中，通常出现在C篇或D篇，无论从词汇、阅读量还是句型、题型的角度看，难度都相对较大，需要我们平时多阅读、多积累相关词汇。从学习和复习的角度看，为了避免题海战术，提高英语语言素养，我们需要平时多阅读这类素材，积累相关的热点词、高频词，克服障碍词带来的困惑。此外，C、D篇题型上，除了细节理解题，推理题、词义理解题、主旨大意题也是相对较难的题目，需要我们多做训练。

这里提供了3篇科技类阅读理解题，包括网络安全、无人机技术和飞行汽车三个话题，在每篇的解析后附上了相关的词汇和长难句分析，供大家学习和复习参考。A（网络安全）

Recently,manypeoplethinkit’sriskytousecredit(信用)cardnumbersonline.However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.Wethinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack(攻击)isbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindofattackiscalled“phishing”.Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait(诱饵)intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing(透露)creditcardnumbers,accountusernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate(模仿)well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeoplebelieveandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.It’sreallyabigproblem!Actuallytricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Nowmorethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess(进入权)totheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphisherssendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthepeople,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.

Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgetamilliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydidasthemansaidatonce.The“thief”usedAmy’sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearntorecognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgent(紧急的)requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalse,statementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobetrue,itis.

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。1.Phishingiscomparedto________accordingtothepassage.A.makingmoney

B.playinggamesC.catchingfishD.writingemails2.WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?A.Givingexamples.

B.Listingnumbers.

C.Raisingquestions.

D.Usingsayings.3.Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“transfer”inPara.4?transferv.(transferred,transferring)

①tomovefromoneplace,school,jobetctoanother

②toconnectthecallofsomeonetosomeoneelse’s

③tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother

④tochangefromonebus,planeetctoanotherA.

①

B.

②

C.③

D.④4.Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto________.A.helptocatchphishers

B.replytourgentemailsC.paybycreditcard

D.protectourselvesonline【题目解析】1.

答案：C

解析：根据第二段第一句

Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation

可知，文章将

“网络钓鱼”

和真实的

“钓鱼”

作类比，两者都是用诱饵骗取目标物，因此选

C。2.

答案：B

解析：第三段出现了大量数字：4.6billionpeople、75%ofthoseInternetusers、morethan40billionfalsemessages、only5%ofthepeople，作者通过列数字的写作手法，突出网络钓鱼的影响范围广、危害大，因此选

B。3.

答案：C

解析：第四段讲述Amy

被骗的经历，骗子用她的社保号办理信用卡，并

transferredhermoney。结合语境，这里的“transfer”

是

“把钱从一个账户转到另一个账户”

的意思，对应词典释义③，因此选

C。4.

答案：D

解析：文章前四段介绍了什么是网络钓鱼、它的危害和案例，最后一段开头

Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?

引出作者的核心建议——如何在网上保护自己，因此选

D。【词汇拓展与解析】1.部分中考高频词

单词释义例句（原文）risky有风险的Recently,

manypeoplethinkit’sriskytousecreditcardnumbersonline.however然而However,from

timetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.safe安全的Wethinkwe

aresafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!example例子Forexample,

phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeople...avoid避免Howcan

peopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?careful小心的Alwaysbe

carefulwithanyemailwithurgentrequestsforpersonalinformation.2．热点词单词

/

短语释义拓展phishing网络钓鱼（一种网络诈骗手段）合成词，和

“fishing（钓鱼）”

同音creditcard信用卡中考常考短语，搭配：useacreditcardpassword密码近义词：codepersonal

information个人信息网络安全核心短语，中考写作常考online在线的；在网上反义词：offline（离线的）3．障碍词拓展单词词性释义原文语境dishonestadj.不诚实的Anewkindof

attackisbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDs...imitatev.模仿；效仿Theyimitate

well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.urgentadj.紧急的Alwaysbecareful

withanyemailwithurgentrequestsforpersonalinformation.typicallyadv.通常；典型地Phishers

typicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalse,statements...social

securitynumber短语社保号码（国外常用）The“thief”

usedAmy’sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcards...【长难句分析】1.

AnewkindofattackisbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.这个句子采用现在进行时的被动语态（isbeingused），强调动作正在发生且主语是动作的承受者。这个句子的主干是Anewkindofattackisbeingused；tostealIDsandcreditcardnumbers是动词不定式短语做目的状语，表攻击的目的；状语bydishonestpeople表示动作的执行者、介词短语fromwebsurfers表示动作的对象。句子大意：一种新型诈骗手段正被不诚实的人利用，用来窃取网民的身份证号和信用卡号。2.Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.这是一个并列复合句，由

and

连接两个分句，由两个分句构成：第一个分句：Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”（主系表结构）；第二个分句：itmeansthat...，其中

that

引导宾语从句，从句里包含短语

tricksb.intodoingsth.（诱骗某人做某事）。句子大意：“网络钓鱼”

和

“钓鱼”

发音相同，它指的是骗子试图诱骗人们泄露重要信息。3.Nowmorethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccesstotheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.haveaccessto表示有使用……

的机会

/

权利；句中的修饰成分包括：morethan4.6billion

修饰

people，thewealthiest（形容词最高级）修饰

countries。句子大意：现在有超过

46

亿人能上网，其中

75%

的网民生活在全球最富裕的国家。4.

Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgentrequestsforpersonalinformation.这是一个祈使句（省略主语

you），表建议；句子的核心短语：becarefulwithsth.（小心某物）；后置定语：withurgentrequestsforpersonalinformation

修饰

email，说明是

“带有紧急个人信息索取要求的邮件”。句子大意：对于任何带有紧急个人信息索取要求的邮件，一定要保持警惕。B(无人机)Dronesaresmallaircraftthatcanflywithoutapilotonboard.Theyarecontrolledbyaremotedeviceoracomputer.Inrecentyears,droneshavebecomemoreandmorepopularandareusedinmanydifferentfields.Inagriculture,dronesareveryhelpful.Farmersusedronestolookattheircropsfromtheair.Dronescantakephotosofthefieldsandshowwhichpartsofthecropsaresickorneedwater.Thishelpsfarmerssavetimeandmoney,astheydon’thavetowalkaroundthewholefarmtocheckthecrops.Dronesarealsousedinthedelivery(配送)industry.Somecompanieshavestartedusingdronestosendsmallpackagestopeople’shomes.Forexample,ifyouorderabookonline,adronemightbringittoyourdoorin30minutes.Thisismuchfasterthantraditionaldeliverybytruck.However,dronesalsobringsomeproblems.Onebigproblemissafety.Dronesmayhitotheraircraftorflyintorestricted(受限制的)areaslikeairports.Anotherproblemisprivacy(隐私).Droneswithcamerascantakephotosofpeople’shomeswithouttheirpermission(许可).Tosolvetheseproblems,manycountrieshavemaderulesfordroneuse.Forexample,dronesmustnotflyhigherthan120meters,andtheymuststayawayfromairports.Also,droneusersneedtopassatestbeforetheycanflyadrone.Withbetterrulesandnewtechnology,droneswillsurelyplayamoreimportantroleinourlivesinthefuture.根据短文内容选择最佳选项。1.Whatcandronesdoinagricultureaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanhelpfarmerswaterthecrops.

B.Theycancheckthehealthofthecrops.C.Theycancarryheavythingsforfarmers.

D.Theycanplantcropsinthefields.2．Whyisdronedeliverybetterthantraditionaldelivery?A.Itischeaper.B.Itisfaster.

C.Itissafer.

D.Itiseasier.3.Whatisoneoftheproblemscausedbydrones?A.Theymaybringpackageslate.

B.Theymayhurtthefarmers’crops.C.Theymayflyintorestrictedareas.

D.Theymaybeoutofcontroleasily.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Dronescanbeusedinmanydifferentways.

B.Dronesarenotallowedtoflyanywherenow.C.Droneswillreplacealldeliverytruckssoon.

D.Dronescansolvealltheproblemsinagriculture.【参考答案与解析】1.答案：B

解析：根据第二段

“Dronescantakephotosofthefieldsandshowwhichpartsofthecropsaresickorneedwater”

可知，无人机可以拍摄农田照片，检查作物是否生病或缺水（即作物的健康状况）。A（浇水）、C（运重物）、D（种植作物）均未在文中提及，故选

B。2.

答案：B

解析：根据第三段

“Thisismuchfasterthantraditionaldeliverybytruck”

可知，无人机配送比传统卡车配送

“更快”。A（更便宜）、C（更安全）、D（更简单）均无依据，故选

B。3.

答案：C

解析：根据第四段

“Onebigproblemissafety.Dronesmayhitotheraircraftorflyintorestrictedareaslikeairports”

可知，无人机的问题之一是可能飞入受限制区域（如机场）。A（配送延迟）、B（损坏作物）、D（容易失控）均未提及，故选

C。4.

答案：A

解析：文章第二段讲农业用途、第三段讲配送用途，说明无人机有多种使用方式。B（禁止在任何地方飞行）与原文矛盾；C（取代所有卡车）、D（解决农业所有问题）表述过于绝对，均错误，故选

A。【词汇拓展与解析】中考高频词单词词性释义原文例句controlv.控制Theyare

controlledbyaremotedeviceoracomputer.helpfuladj.有帮助的In

agriculture,dronesareveryhelpful.savev.节省Thishelps

farmerssavetimeandmoney.traditionaladj.传统的Thisismuch

fasterthantraditionaldeliverybyblemn.问题However,

dronesalsobringsomeproblems.rulen.规则Tosolve

theseproblems,manycountrieshavemaderulesfordroneuse.热点词单词

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短语释义拓展drone无人机常见搭配：flyadrone（操控无人机）aircraft飞行器包含飞机、无人机等空中设备remotedevice遥控设备即

“遥控器”agriculture农业对应形容词：agricultural（农业的）delivery

industry配送行业中考常考话题词privacy隐私常见搭配：protectprivacy（保护隐私）障碍词拓展单词词性释义原文语境onboard

在（交通工具）上Dronesare

smallaircraftthatcanflywithoutapilotonboard.restrictedadj.受限制的Dronesmay

hitotheraircraftorflyintorestrictedareaslikeairports.permissionn.许可Droneswith

camerascantakephotosofpeople’shomeswithouttheirpermission.部分长难句分析1.Dronescantakephotosofthefieldsandshowwhichpartsofthecropsaresickorneedwater.这是一个简单句，包含两个并列谓语（take

和

show）；show

后接宾语从句（whichparts...needwater）。句子大意：无人机可以拍摄农田的照片，并显示出作物哪些部分生病了或需要浇水。2.

Withbetterrulesandnewtechnology,droneswillsurelyplayamoreimportantroleinourlivesinthefuture.“Withbetterrulesandnewtechnology”

是介词短语作状语（表

“有了更好的规则和新技术”）；“playarolein...”

是固定搭配（“在……

中起作用”）。句子大意：有了更好的规则和新技术，无人机未来肯定会在我们的生活中扮演更重要的角色。C(飞行汽车)Sittingamongaseaofcars,haveyoueverdreamedaboutyourcartakingoffandflyingovertheroad?Manyofusspendanhourorsostuckintrafficeveryweek.Themainproblemisthatwearenotexpanding(扩展)ourtransportationsystemsfastenoughtomeeteverincreasingdemands(需求).Onesolutionistocreateanewtypeoftransportationthatdoesn’trelyonroads.Inthelastcentury,planesandcarschangedthewaywelived.Carswhichcanbeaffordedbythegeneralpopulation,haveallowedustomovefarther.Planeshavealsocuttraveltimetofarawaydestinations(目的地).Atthebeginningofanewcentury,wemayseetherealizationofacenturyolddream-themixofcarsandplanesorflyingcars.Youmighthaveheardnewsaboutflyingcarsbefore.Thetechnologytomakethemsafeandeasytoflymayfinallybehere.Withprogressinlightweightmaterial,computermodelsandno-mancontrol,thedreamisveryclosetobecomingreal.CarmakerMollerwentpublicwiththeSkycarM400in2011.Itisthefirstcarthatcantakeoffandlandstraight.Thefour-seat-Skycarispoweredbyeightengines(引擎).Thecostofcarisabout$1millionatfirst,butwhenitbeginstobeproducedinlargeamounts,thatpricecouldcomedowntoaslowas$60,000.ThelatestflyingcarCityHawkispredictedtobetestedbetween2021and2022.ItissimilartotheSkycarexceptforitspowersource.Theimportantdifferenceliesinthepowerfansthatseemmuchquieterontheroad.TheCityHawkisaboutaslargeasamiddle-sizedcar.Itcouldbeusedasanairtaxifornewscollectionandtrafficcontrol.Thepopularityofflyingcarscouldbeveryexcitingorveryscary,dependingonhowyoulookatit.Ifproperrulesareputinplace,theycouldbetheanswertoourever-heaviertrafficpressure.根据短文内容选择最佳选项。1．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thenewtypeoftransportationshouldbeusedto________.A．sharethetrafficpressure

B．improvethespeedofcarsC．increasepeople’sdemands

D．replacethepresenttransportationsystem2．Thewritermentionstwokindsofflyingcarsto________.A．explainhowflyingcarsworkB．showflyingcarsarecomingtousC．encouragepeopletobuyflyingcar

D．remindpeopleabouttheimportanceofflyingcars3．What’sthedifferencebetweentheSkycarandtheCityHawk?A．TheSkycarhasfewerseats.

B．TheSkycarismoreexpensive.C．TheCityHawkismuchsmaller.

D．TheCityHawkproduceslessnoise.4．Wecaninferthatthewriteris________aboutthefutureofflyingcars.A．doubtful

B．hopeful

C．confidentD．worried【参考答案与解析】1.

细节理解题。根据“Themainproblemisthatwearenotexpanding(扩展)ourtransportationsystemsfastenoughtomeeteverincreasingdemands(需求).Onesolutionistocreateanewtypeoftransportationthatdoesn’trelyonroads.”可知，新型交通工具应用于分担交通压力。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“CarmakerMollerwentpublicwiththeSkycarM400in2011.”及“ThelatestflyingcarCityHawkispredictedtobetestedbetween2021and2022.”可知，作者提到了两种飞行汽车是向读者表明飞行车即将进入我们的生活中。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Theimportantdifferenceliesinthepowerfansthatseemmuchquieterontheroad.”可知，重要的区别在于动力风扇在路上似乎更安静。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据“Ifproperrulesareputinplace,theycouldbetheanswertoourever-heaviertrafficpressure.”可知，作者对于未来飞行汽车的发展是充满希望的。故选B。【词汇拓展与解析】

中考高频词单词词性释义原文例句dreamv.梦想；想象haveyoueverdreamedaboutyourcartakingoffand

flyingovertheroad?spendv.花费（时间

/

金钱）Manyofusspendanhourorsostuckintrafficeveryblemn.问题Themainproblemisthatwearenotexpandingourtransportation

systems...meetv.满足；遇见meeteverincreasingdemandsallowv.允许Carswhichcanbeaffordedbythegeneralpopulation,haveallowedusto

movefarther.finallyadv.最终；终于Thetechnologytomakethemsafeandeasytoflymayfinallybehere.similaradj.相似的ItissimilartotheSkycarexceptforitspowersource.exceptprep.除了……

之外ItissimilartotheSkycarexceptforitspowersource.dependv.依靠；取决于Thepopularityofflyingcarscouldbeveryexcitingorveryscary,

dependingonhowyoulookatperadj.合适的；恰当的Ifproperrulesareputinplace,theycouldbetheanswertoour

ever-heaviertrafficpressure.热点词拓展热点词

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短语释义flyingcar飞行汽车transportationsystem交通系统trafficpressure交通压力lightweightmaterial轻质材料no-mancontrol无人驾驶控制powersource动力来源airtaxi空中出租车障碍词拓展单词词性释义原文语境expandv.扩展；扩大wearenotexpandingourtransportationsystemsfastenoughtransportationn.交通；运输transportationsystemsrealizationn.实现wemayseetherealizationofacenturyolddreamlightweightadj.轻质的Withprogressinlightweightmaterialenginen.引擎；发