河南省某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月期中考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAnimal-likerobotsarepopular.Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).“It’snottrueatall,”shesays.Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpattern,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.Dependingonbrightnessanddirection,itchangestheheatthattheplasticisexposedto—lowertemperaturesresultinalighterbodythatincreasesinsizemorequickly,whilehighertemperaturesmakeitthickerandstrongerandgrowmoreslowly.TheresearchersfoundthatthesesimplefunctionalitieswereenoughtoletFiloBotmovethroughacomplexandunseenenvironment,crossgapsandfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputinghardware,theysay,meansthatitmoveseasilyandrequiresminimalmonitoring,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn’tdisturbthingsaroundit.Theysupposethatthismakesitsuitableforpotentialapplicationsincludingenvironmentalmonitoringinhard-to-reachlocations,ormonitoringdisastersiteswhereexistingfacilitiesisunstable.Dr.Mazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillmotivateotherroboticiststodrawinspirationfromplants.Theplantkingdomisaworld,shesays,withacompletelydifferentapproachtotheanimalone.“Andwecandevelopnewtechnologiesandartificialsolutions,becauseitissodifferent.”1.Whatleadstolimitedexplorationofplant-likerobots?A.Theslowgrowthrateofplants.B.Thelackofplantresearchcapability.C.Themisunderstandingofplantbehavior.D.Thedifficultyofapplyingplant-likerobots.2.HowdoesFiloBotgrow?A.Bypressingamotionsensor. B.Byexposingitselftosunlight.C.Bypushingoutsoftenedplastic. D.Bycontrollingoutsidetemperature.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topointoutthevalueofrobotics. B.Topresentanewlyinventedrobot.C.Tocallformoreresearchintorobots. D.Tocorrectamisconceptionaboutplants.BTimemagazinehaschosenits2024KidoftheYear—andit’sHemanBekele,ateenagerwhocouldchangethewayskincanceristreated.AsastudentfromFairfax’sWoodsonHighSchool,BekeledivideshistimebetweentheclassroomandthelabatJohnsHopkinsUniversity,wherehe’sinventingasoapthatcouldonedaytreatthedeadlydisease.“IwasraisedunderthethoughtthatIcouldalwaysaskquestions,andbeascuriousaspossible,”Bekelesaid.“Andthispushedmetothefieldofscience.”SomeofBekele’searliestmemorieswereseeingfarmersworkundertheterribleheatwithnoheatprotectionfromthesun’sUVraysinEthiopia,wherehewasborn.ThiswasonefactorthatmadehimtackleskincancerafterhemovedtotheUS.Athome,Bekele—who’dentertainhimselfforhoursasachildbymixingtogetheranyhouseholdproductshecouldgethishandsonandseeingwhatwouldhappen—beganwonderinghowhecouldhelp.“What’sonethingthatisaninternationallyimpactfulidea,somethingeveryonecanuse,regardlessofsocioeconomicclass?”Bekeleaskedhimself.“Almosteveryoneusessoapandwaterforcleaning.Sosoapwouldprobablybethebestoption.”SoBekelebeganhisdeliberatetrial-and-errorprocess,whichledhimtolearnaboutacream-basedskincancertreatmentcalledImiquimodthatdidproducedesiredresults—butcancostasmuchas$180fortheuninsuredinAmerica.Inspiredbythecream,Bekeledesignedhisaffordablesoap.Bekeleknewhe’dneedanactuallabtorefinehiscreation.Bekeleappliedto—andwon—theMinnesota-basedtechcompany3M’sYoungScientistChallengein2023,securing$25,000andthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”.Now,withthehelpofJohnsHopkins’professorandbiologistVitoRebecca,Bekelehasbeentestingthesoaponmiceattheuniversity’slabforalmosthalfayear.Thesoapstillhasalongwaytogo:Testing,patentingitandgettingFDAcertificationcouldtakeadecade.Buteventhen,Bekelewillonlybe25yearsold.4.WhatinitiallyinspiredBekeletocomeupwithhisideatocureskincancer?A.Thefarmers’exposuretothehotsun.B.Hisjourneyfromtheclassroomtothelab.C.Thedeadlydiseaseheoncesufferedfrom.D.HisbeingnamedTime’sKidoftheYear.5.WhatdoweknowaboutImiquimod?A.ItwasinventedbyBekele. B.Bekeleproveditssideeffects.C.Itiseffectivebutexpensive. D.Bekeleproduceditforhissoap.6.WhydidBekeleparticipateintheYoungScientistChallenge?A.TomeetProfessorVitoRebecca. B.Togetsupporttobetterhissoap.C.Togainthesoappatentfrom3M. D.Topromoteready-madeproducts.7.WhatcanwelearnfromBekele’sstory?A.Thinkingandactionmeanpotentialsuccess.B.Successwillgetpersonaldesiressatisfied.C.Beingfamousisagreatthirstoftheyoung.D.Geniusestendtogetthingsdonecreatively.CAsystemthathelpsvisuallyimpaired(视觉受损的)peopletonavigatetheirsurroundingsusingcameras,earphonesandartificialintelligence(AI)couldofferadvantagesoverconventionalsticksforpeoplelivinginlargecities.Camerashaveahigherrangethanastick,whichcantypicallydetectobstacles(障碍物)thatarearoundonemetreinfrontoftheperson.Thesystemfeaturesapairofglassesequippedwithacamerathatcapturesliveimagesofthewearer’ssurroundings.Atinycomputerprocessestheseimagestodetectthepresenceofotherpeopleandobjectssuchasdoors,wallsandfurniture.Thedevicegivestheuseraudiocuesabouttheirsurroundingsevery250milliseconds,producingasoundineithertherightorleftearphonetoguidethemintherightdirection.Theresearchersalsocreatedflexible“artificialskin”layersthatuserswearontheirwristsandfingers,foradditionalnavigationalassistance.Thebandsareequippedwiththeirowncamerasystemandthelayersvibrate(震动)towarnthewearerwhenanobstacleisbetween40centimetresand50centimetresaway.Theresearchersfirstworkedwith12participantswithvisualimpairmentstoevaluatehowwellthesystemcouldhelpthemtoavoidobstacleswhenwalkingthroughrooms.Aftertrainingwiththesystem,allparticipantswereabletonavigateindoors.Inanothertrial,thetechnologycontinuedtoperformwellwheneightparticipantstestedthedeviceinreal-worldsituations-includingwalkingonacitystreetandthroughaconferenceroomwithfurniture.Theapproachisuniqueincombiningaudioandtouchfeedbacktokeepusersawareofwhatisaroundthem,saysEduardoFernándezJover,amedicaldoctoratMiguelHernándezUniversity.“It’saproofofconcept.Theystillneedtoproveitinahighernumberofsubjectsaswellaspeopleofdifferentages.Theauthorsnowplantoadjustthedesignofthedevicetomakeitlighterandtinier.Thenit’smoreinvisible,sopeoplewillfeelcomfortabletouseit.”saysstudyco-authorLeileiGu,anAIresearcheratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityinChina.8.Whymightthenewsystembebetterfortheblind?A.Itreplacestheneedforawalkingstick.B.Itcandetectthingsfartherthanastick.C.Ithasbeeninvisibleandcomfortabletouse.D.Ithasmorecamerasthanothersmartdevices.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Howthesystemfunctions. B.Howaudiocuesareused.C.Howthesystemdetectsobstacles. D.Howartificialskinlayersarecreated.10.Whatmakesthisnavigationsystemspecial?A.Itusesbothhearingandtouchfeedback. B.Itneedsnotrainingtoworkwell.C.Itcanbeappliedtopeopleofdifferentages. D.Itcanbeusedinanyreal-worldsituation.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AIGlassesandSkinLayersforNavigationB.SmarterWayfortheBlindtoWalkintheCityC.NewTechHelpsBlindPeopleAvoidObstaclesD.High-TechToolstoAssisttheVisuallyImpairedDIstext-messagingdrivingusapart?Thesedays,wetalktoeachotheralotwithourthumbs—sendingsixbilliontextmessagesaday,andlikelyafewbillionmoreonserviceslikeWhatsApp.Butsomeworrythatsomuchmessagingleadstolesscommunication.Forinstance,whenhangingoutwithfriends,we’dbetextingsecretivelyatthesametime,pretendingtomaintaineyecontactbutmentallysomewhereelse.Newtechnologiesoftenupsetthewaywerelatetooneanother,ofcourse.Butsuchdivisioncausedbytextinghaveastrongechointheargumentswehadovertelephoneahundredyearsago.Thesmalldevicegaveusanewwaytocontactoneanotherandquicklypromotenewformsofsocializing.Callersarrangedregular“visiting”calls,dialingremotefamilytocatchuponnews.Soon,though,socialcriticsthoughtitwouldbesoeasytotalkthatwe’dneverleaveeachotheralone.Othersworriedthatthetelephonespeduplife,demandinginstantreactions.Theuseofthetelephonegavelittleroomforreflection.Itproducedacrazinessintheordinaryconcernsoflifewhichdidn’tmakefordomestichappiness.“Weshallsoonbenothingbuttransparentpilesofjelly(果冻)toeachother,”aLondonwritermoanedin1897.However,nowadaysthetelephonecallseemslikeathrowbacktoagentlerera.WhenJennaBirch,acommunicationprofessorattheUniversityofIowa,starteddatingamanwhoinsistedoncallingheronthephone,shefounditwarmanddelightful.Soshedoesn’tthinktheshifttotextinghasdegradedourinteractions.Accordingtoherstudy,teenagerswhotextthemostarealsothosewhospendthemosttimefacetofacewithfriends.Communication,itseems,bringsmorecommunication,and—assheargues—justbecausetalkhappensintextdoesn’tmeanit’snotmeaningful.MichéleMartinofCarletonUniversity,thinkswe’relivingthroughareplayofthetelephone,wherethethingsthatmadeitvaluable—instantcommunications—arethesamethatmadeitannoying.“Peoplebelievetheyareliberatedbecausetheycanbringthemobilephoneeverywhere,”Martinsays.“Butatthesametime,theyareslavestoit.”12.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Todescribeascene.C.Toofferanargument. D.Toissueawarning.13.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatdoestelephoneusecause?A.Peopleexperienceverytightschedule. B.Peopletendtolackindividuality.C.Peoplebecomenarrowanduninformed. D.Peoplelosetheabilitytoreflect.14.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Telephonecallsareparticularlywelcomedindating.B.Teenagersareaddictedtocommunicatingbytexting.C.Theshifttotextingisdestructivetoface-to-facetime.D.Themeaningofcommunicationgoesbeyondmedium.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.OhMyGod!We’veBeenHereBefore! B.GonewiththeWind,DearTexting!C.LifeisTooShortforSoManyTexting. D.Oh,Telephone,aTaleofTwoSides.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheDailyHabitsofEffectiveLeadersLeadershipisoftenperceivedasagiftwithbirth.____16____LifecoachAllisonTaskhighlightsthatbyadoptingspecificdailyhabitsandmentalshifts,anyonecanlearntostepintoaroleofgreaterinfluenceandresponsibility.Everyonehasaccesstothesameinformation;thedifferenceliesinhowit’sused.____17____Leadersidentifyopportunitiesinsituationsandhelpothersdothesame.Crucially,youdon’tneedtobebornwiththisskill,insteaditcanbebuiltbyfocusingonopportunities,especiallyintoughtimes.AllisonTaskonceworkedatEarthWeb,whereCEOJackHidary(aformerNYCmayorcandidate)oftensaid,“____18____”Hewouldexplainmarketideas,thenwaitforteammemberstorephrasethevisionintheirownwords—ensuringeveryonefeltinvestedinthegoal.Whilethiscommunicationtakestime,itavoidsthebiggertroubleofleadingalonewhiletheteammemberswanderoffindifferentdirections.Taskoncegreetedatherapistwhohasanofficeinherbuilding.Heresponded,“Crazy,likeusual,”andhurriedoff.He’stalkingaboutbeingcrazy.____19____Ifhecan’tdothatinhisownlife,howcanhehelppeoplelivetheirs?Leadersareconstantrolemodels.Theirbehavior—fromhowtheytreatotherstotheirpersonalhabitsregardingsleep,diet,andexercise—iscontinuouslyobservedandsubconsciouslyfollowedbytheirteam.Inconclusion,thejourneytobecominganeffectiveleaderisaccessibletoall.Itbeginswithcultivatingamindsetthatseeksopportunityinadversity,ensuressharedunderstandingthroughdeliberatecommunication,andleadsbyexampleinbothprofessionalandpersonalconduct.____20____A.Itisn’tsaiduntileveryonesaysit.B.Isn’tatherapist’sgoaltohelppeoplebelesscrazy?C.Realleadersdon’tgettrappedinthewormholeofsocialmedia.D.Itisacollectionofskillsthatcanbeintentionallydeveloped,though.E.Onarainyday,onecancomplainorseizethechancetosellumbrellas.F.Byintegratingthesehabits,individualscanstepintorewardingleadershiproles.G.It’seasytobelievethatleadersarebraveandconfidentenoughtotakeboldrisks.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ThePoseidonEffectLateoneautumndayatthelocalswimmingpoolinAncenis,France,an18-year-oldnamedJeanLeRoycameforhisregulareveningswiminthe25-metrepool.Whenpeoplearedrowning,theydon’tusuallyshoutand_____21_____inthewayithappensontelevision.Mostpeopledrownquite_____22_____,withthepersonquicklysinkingbeneaththewater.Ontheevening,LeRoywastestinghowfarhecouldswimunderwater_____23_____onebreath.Atsomemoment,ashewasdoingthis,hebecameunconscious._____24_____hetriedhecouldn’tbreathe.Hesanktothebottomofthepool.LeRoywasdrowning.Luckilyforhim,theswimmingpoolwas____25____withanelectronicsurveillancesystemcalledPoseidon.Althoughthehumanlifeguardshadnotnoticed,12largemachineeyesdeepunderwaterwerewatchingthewholething.Poseidonhasunderwatercameraswhich_____26_____peopleastheyswim.Thecamerasareconnectedtoacomputer.Itis_____27_____torecognize_____28_____aswimmerisnotmovingnormally.ThelifeguardsattheAncenispoolwerewearingaspecialdevicethat_____29_____whenthecomputerdetectedapossibleproblem.SixteensecondsafterPoseidonnoticedLeRoy’sbody,thelifeguardshadpulledhimoutofthepool.Hestartedbreathingagain.Afteronenightinhospital,hewassenthomecompletely_____30_____.Poseidonhadsavedhislife.MachineslikePoseidoncompletelychangehowwelive.Thinkofyourlifebeforetheansweringmachinewasinvented.Thinkofyourgrandparents’livesbeforethetelevisionandtheairplanewereintroduced.Thechangewillbejustasgreat.Itis_____31_____happening.Soon,machineswillrecognizeourfacesandourfingerprints.Theywill_____32_____fordrowningpeople,for____33____carryingbombs,forspeedingdriversandheartpatients.Imaginedevicesthatmonitorababy’sbreathingandtrackchildrenastheygotoandfromschool.Imaginemachines_____34_____quietsignalstonearbycomputers,whichwillsendinformationtoyourdoctor,yourlawyer,andthelocalpolice.Astimepasses,moreandmoreofourliveswillbe_____35_____bymachines.Theywillknowallaboutus.21.A.splash B.cry C.yell D.scream22.A.soon B.quietly C.silently D.simply23.A.in B.within C.over D.on24.A.Nomatterhow B.However C.Whoever D.Whatever25.A.established B.installed C.set D.equipped26.A.show B.film C.propagate D.outline27.A.postulated B.made C.programmed D.relayed28.A.whether B.when C.while D.if29.A.alarmed B.beeped C.warned D.alerted30.A.healthy B.normal C.safe D.well31.A.always B.merely C.readily D.already32.A.watchout B.takecare C.lookback D.goover33.A.terrorists B.invalids C.senators D.tyrants34.A.willsend B.tosend C.send D.sending35.A.recorded B.checked C.monitored D.supervised第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerous___36___(contribution)totheworld,themostwell-known___37___(be)thegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasa___38___(courage)andkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.ThisgentlegeniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam,___39___obtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,hemanagedtopasstheexam,___40___(enter)universityin1896andgraduatingin1900.Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,___41___waslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,he___42___(gradual)becamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasabletoquithisjobatthepatentofficeandenterresearchfull-timeatauniversity.In1922,he___43___(award)the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis___44___(explain)ofthephotoelectriceffect.Tothepublic,hewasseenasaslightlyodd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceived____45____electricshock.On18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，上周游览了家附近新开的城市公园并在朋友圈发了照片。你的新西兰好友Peter看到后很感兴趣，想了解更多信息。请你写封邮件向他介绍该公园。内容要点包括：1.公园名字和位置。2.休闲活动。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Recently,myworkhasbeenincrediblyoverwhelming—theconstantdeadlines,endlessmeetings,andhighexpectationsarereallywearingmedown,makingmelostinlife.It’shardtoquietmymindtofocusonanythi