湖南省长沙市师大附中高三上学期12月月考英语试题

湖南师大附中2026届高三月考试卷(四)英语得分本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转移到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny.B.C.Snowy.2.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Acarsalesman.B.Acustomer.C.Arepairman.3.HowisIsabelprobablyfeelingnow?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Puzzled.4.Whatdoesthewomanexpecttodoatthisweekend?A.Readanarticle.B.anarticle.C.amovie.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apost.B.Acandidate.C.Acollege.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthetrain.B.AttheticketC.Attheinformationdesk.7.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.175yuan.B.95yuan.C.80yuan.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhyisSophiasad?A.Shewascriticized.B.Shegotbadfeedback.C.Shedidn'twinthecontest.9.WhatdidSophia'sworklack?

A.B.Potential.C.Imagination.10.HowdoesSophiasoundintheend?A.Shocked.B.Motivated.C.Amazed.听第8段材料，回答第至13题。WhydidSarahsendtheemailtoJoe?

A.seeJoe'spresentation.

B.helpJoewithhistask.

C.remindJoeofthework.12.WhatisJoe'sproblem?A.Hefailedtofinishthejob.B.Hemisunderstoodtheemail.C.Hegotthedatewrong.13.Whenisthelatestdeadline?A.B.Thursday.C.Friday.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthehouselike?A.It'sinthecitycenter.B.It'smodernandclean.C.It'sneartheuniversity.15.WhatisapityaboutthehouseaccordingtoJason?

A.Ithasnogarage.B.Ithasnocooker.C.Ithasnogarden.16.WhatdoesJasonsuggestthewomando?

A.Checkthehouseowner'savailability.

B.Parkthecarontheroadoutside.C.Lookatthehouseherself.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoourbrainsdowhenwesleep?

A.Pushawaybadthoughts.B.Reexperiencedifferentevents.C.Organizeandimproveourmemories.18.Whichstageofsleepisthemostimportantaccordingtorecentexperiments?

A.Thefirststage.B.Thethirdstage.C.Thefifthstage.19.Whatmakesourdayslongerandthenightsshorter?A.Thebusymodernlifestyle.B.Thelackofdarkness.C.Theincreaseinage.20.Whatwillthespeakertalkaboutnextclass?

A.Thetwotypesofsleep.B.Thereasonforlesssleep.C.Theoflackofsleeponhealth.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheMaldivesguaranteesthewhitestsandbeachesandanunforgettableunderwaterworld.Hereareplacesthatyoucanvisithere.PatinaMaldives,FariIslandsTheFari.IslandssitinthenortheastoftheNorthMaléAtoll,a45minutespeedboatrideora15minuteseaplaneflightfromInternationalAirport.Unlikemostoftheotherplacesonthislist,Patinarecentlyopenedsoyoucancheckinrightnowifyou'reinneedofanurgentescape.FaresMaldivesResortJusta30minuteseaplaneridefromInternationalAirport,theFaresMaldivesResortsitsonanislandsurroundedbyalagooninthewestoftheresort.Uniqueandremarkablebiodiversitycanbefoundinitscoralreefs,seagrassbedsandmangroves.outforhawksbillturtles,raysandfriendlyreefsharks.HavenIfyou’readeepseadiver,thisplacewillprovidealuxuriousbaseasyouexploretheresort'smanyexperiences.Theirbotanicalgardensproducecoconuts,tropicalfruits,vegetablesandherbsthatwillallbeservedupinHaven'srestaurants,whilesustainablelocalmaterialsarealsobeingusedintheconstructionoftheresort.ConradMaldivesRangaliThetwinislandpropertyboastssomefirstsincludingtheworld'sfirsteverundersearestaurantandfirstunderwaterbedroom.marktheresort'sanniversary,50overwatervillashavebeenrevitalized,ashavethreerestaurantsandbars.Brandnewadditionsincludeanadultsonlygym,MajaaExplorersHubandtheFuraavaruClub.21.Ifyouareinterestedinseaanimals,whichplacecanyouvisit?

A.Haven.B.ConradMaldivesRangali.

C.PatinaMaldives,FariIslands.D.FaresMaldivesResort.22.WhatcanyoudoinHaven?A.Enjoyaspeedboatride.B.delicioustropicalfish.C.Admirethebotanicalgardens.D.Aidinthebuildingsoftheresort.23.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresortsinthetext?

A.Theyareallbestreachedbyseaplane.B.Theyareknownfortheirhistoricalsignificance.

C.Theycatertotouristswithdifferentpreferences.

D.Theyplaceastrongemphasisonenvironmentalsustainability.BTheDurhamDalesinEngland,withitsgentlehills,stunningwaterfalls,andvastwoodlands,isanaturalhabitatforbirds.ItisalsohometozoologistandartistSaraCox.Growingupinnature,shehasalwayshadadeeploveforbirds.Nowadays,shecreatesdetailedbirdsculpturesmadefromthinmetalwire.Shebringstogetherherknowledgeofscienceandherartisticskilltomakepeopleawareofthechallengesfacingbirds,andtoinspirepeopletolookafterthem.Asachild,Saraspentmuchofhertimeoutdoorswithherbrothers—exploringthegarden,walkinginthecountryside,orcampingunderthestars.Theseearlyexperienceshelpedshapehercloserelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Creativityalsorunsinherfamily,herfatherwasanengineerwhowelded(焊接)andbuiltthings,whilehermothermadepottery.WhenshemovedtothevillageofMiddleton20yearsago,shebecameevenmoreinspiredbythewildlifearoundher.Seeingbirdsupcloseeverydayfiredherowncreativity,enablingherto

expressherloveforthemthroughart.Sara'swirebirdsculpturesaretheresultofcarefulobservationanddetailedstudy.Shewillsitoutsidefor

hours,sketchingandobservingtheirmovements—rightdowntoknowinghowtheirmusclesworkandhowthey

shifttheirweight.Shealsovisitsmuseumstostudybirdskeletonssoshecanunderstandthestructurebeneaththe

feathers.sculptabirdaccurately,Ineedtoknowwhat'sunderneath,”sheexplains.Hersculptureshavebeenexhibitedinnationalgalleriesandnaturetrails,receivingpraisefortheirscientific

accuracy,emotionalimpact,androleinpromotingbirdconservation.24.WhatarethetwomainelementsbinedinSaraCox'swork?A.ScientificinsightandartisticcreativityB.DeeploveforherhometownandartisticskillC.Formalacademictrainingandpublicrecognition.D.Innovativesculptingskillanddetailedobservation.25.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“runsinherfamily”inparagraph2?

A.isanessentialfamilyruleB.isauniquefamilytalentC.isarecordedfamilyhistoryD.isanaturalfamilycharacteristic26.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howbirdsdistributetheirweight.B.WhereSaraCoxgoestoobservebirds.C.WhatmaterialsSaraCoxusesinherart.D.WhySaraCox'sartworksappearlifelike.27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeSaraCox?A.Curiousandbrave.B.Confidentandproud.

C.Observantandexact.D.Creativeandhumorous.CChina'sthirdaircraftcarrier,theCNSFujian(withthenumber18),marksamajormilestoneinthenation'snavalmodernization.AsthefirstChinesecarriertobeentirelydesignedandbuiltathomewithanadvancedelectromagneticcatapult(电磁弹射器)system,itrepresentsasignificantleapfromthepreviousskijumpdeck(滑跃式甲板)carriers,theLiaoningandtheShandong.ConstructionoftheFujianbeganinNovember2016,anditlaterunderwentimportanttechnologicalupgrades.Akeychangeinvolvedswitchingfromsteamcatapultstoadvancedelectromagneticcatapultsin2017—2018.FollowingitslaunchonJune17,2022,thecarriersuccessfullypletedeightseatrialsbetweenMay2024andMay2025.Thesetrialstesteditspowerandelectricalsystems,aswellasitsabilitytooperatedifferentaircraft.afullloaddisplacementofover80,000tons,itranksamongtheworld'ssupercarriers,featuringa320meterlongflatflightdeckandthreeelectromagneticcatapulttracks.AcentralbreakthroughoftheFujianliesinitselectromagneticcatapultandrecoverysystem,atechnologypossessedbyonlytwonationsworldwide.Incontrasttosteamcatapults,thissystememployselectromagneticforcetolaunchplanes,enablingheavierwarplanes,earlywarningaircraft,andunmannedvehiclestotakewithfullfuelandweapons.InSeptember2025,threetypesofaircraft——theJ15T,J35,andKJ600—conductedsuccessfulelectromagneticcatapulttakeoffsanddecklandings,confirmingfinallythesystem'sdependability.Additionally,thecarrier'sintegratedradarsystemandstreamlinedislanddesignalsoimprovedeckspaceandoperationalefficiency.Beyonditstechnicaladvances,theFujiandemonstratesChina'smitmenttoprotectingitsnationalrights

andinterestsatsea.Onceanactiveservice,itwillextendtheoperationalrangeoftheChinesenavy,enablinga

longtermpresenceatseaandcontributingtoregionalsecurity.Militaryexpertsnotethatthecarrier's

electromagneticcatapultsystemhasachievedover1,000continuousfaultfreeoperationsinlandtests,

outperformingsimilarsystemsonU.S.carriers.AsChinaenterstheeraofthreeaircraftcarriers,theFujianstands

asasymbolofindependentinnovationandnavalstrength.28.WhatmakestheFujianamajorleapforward?A.Itsadvancedskijumpdeck.B.Itsstatusasthethirdcarrier.

C.Itssymbolicroleasamilestone.D.Itsdomesticallydesignedcatapult.29.WhatisTRUEabouttheFujian'sdevelopment?A.Steamcatapultswereplannedinitially.B.Catapultswereprioritizedduringseatrials.C.Keysystemswereupgradedafteritslaunch.D.Flightdeckdesignswerechangedrepeatedly.30.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheelectromagneticcatapultsystem?

A.Itsreliabilitywasconfirmedwithrelativeease.B.ItoutperformsAmericansteamcatapultsystem.C.Itsdesignallowsthecarriertoholdmoreaircraft.D.Itgreatlybooststhecarrier'saircraftadaptability.31.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.China'snavaladvancementthroughtheFujiancarrier.B.AsummaryoftheFujian'sseatrialsandachievements.C.TheFujian'scontributiontoregionalsecurityandstability.D.Theadvancedelectromagneticcatapultsystem'ssuperiority.DMostairconditionersuserefrigerantgasescalledHFCs(氢氟碳化合物)，whicharehundredsoftimesmoreeffectiveattrappingheatintheatmospherethanCO₂.Researchershavelongsoughtwaystoproducecoolingsystemsthatdowithoutthesetroublesomegases.NowExergyn,aDublinbasedpany,claimstohavedevelopedanewtypeofairconditioningwhichavoidsusingHFCs.Exergyn'ssystemusesnitinol,ashapememoryalloy(合金)ofnickelandtitanium.Allshapememoryalloysreleaseheatwhenpressed(压缩),andthenabsorbitwhenthepressureisreleasedandtheyreturntotheiroriginalshape.ButExergyn'sversionofnitinoldisplaysthisqualitytoaremarkabledegree.Foritsexperimentalmodel,thepanyproduced4cm²platesofthealloy,eachwithholestopermitthepassageofaheatcarryingliquidorgas.Arangeofecofriendlysubstancessuchaswater,saltywaterandaircanbeemployedinthatrole,thusavoidingtheuseofHFCs.KevinO'Exergyn'smanagingdirector,explains,buildarefrigeratorinvolvesfittingtheseplatestogetherintostacksof50ormore.Fourstacksmakeaunit.Thestacksarepressedinturn.Atanygivenmoment,onestackisbeingpressed,onereleased,onepreheatedandoneprecooled.coolaroominvolvespassingonehotcircuitandonecoldcircuitoftheheatcarryingfluidorgasthroughthisfourstackunit.”ThismethodofcoolingisnotonlymoreenvironmentallyfriendlythananHFCsetup,butwillalsobelessexpensivetobuyand30%—40%cheapertorun.Itwillbelighterandsmaller,too.Asforreliability,theprototype'sperformancesuggeststheunitcouldoperateformorethan40yearswithoutaproblem.Developmentisstillcontinuing,butproductsmaybeonlyafewyearsaway.Exergynhasalsobeguntalkswithcarmakersandaerospacepaniesaboutsettingupjointdevelopmentprojects.carsandsomesmallaircraftgoingelectric,itisnotjustcoolingthecabinthatmanufacturershavetothinkabout,butalsocoolingthebatteries.32.Whataretheholesintheplatesofalloyintendedfor?A.theuseofthosetroublesomegasessuchasHFCs.

B.arangeofsubstancessuchaswater,saltywaterandair.

C.Passingtheheatcarryingfluidorgasthroughthefourstackunit.

D.Helpingpress,release,preheatandprecoolthefourstacks.33.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthenewtypeofcooling?

A.Itspotential.B.Itsstrengths.

C.Itsfunctions.D.Itsaffordability.34.WhatcanweinferaboutExergynfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itislikelytoexpanditsbusiness.B.Itwillsetupanaerospacepany.C.Ithasbroughtthetechnologytomarket.D.Itwillleadthemarketofairconditioning.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Model:afourstackunitB.HFCs:apotentialcrisisC.Exergyn:afuturewinnerD.Nitinol:acooleralternative第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofExpectation:HowOurBrainShapesRealitybelieveweperceivetheworldobjectively,butwelargelyseewhatweexpect.Thebrainisanactivepredictionengine,notapassiverecorder.36Overtime,predictionsbeeexpectationsthatdefineus,deeplyinfluencingourreality.Fromearlydevelopment,thebraincyclesthroughactionandfeedback.The“predictionerror"—thedifferencebetweenexpectationandoute——driveslearning.37Betterthanexpectedresultsreleasedopamine,reinforcingbehavior.resultsteachavoidance.Afterthishappensmanytimes,ourbrainslowlyformsstableexpectationsthatguideourlives,relationshipsandefforts.Ourbiologicalmakeupsignificantlyshapesthislearningprocess,Neurochemicals(神经化学物质)regulate

howwerespondtosurprisesandevaluaterisks.38Epigenetically(从表观遗传学角度来看),our

experiences——fromstresstonurturing——directlyregulatetheexpressionofourgenes.Thisplicated

biologicalinterplayensuresthatourexpectationsarebothpsychologicalandphysiological(生理的):

Nevertheless,thisplexsystemremainseasilydisrupted.Traumatic(创伤性的)experiencesorlongterm

stresscanseriouslyitsfunction.39Thebrainbeestrappedinrigidthinkingpatterns,interpreting

neutralinformationthroughthelensofpastthreats.Fortunately,neuralplasticityprovidesapathforcorrection.40

Incognitivetherapy,peopletrynewbehaviorsthatleadtopositivesurprises.Thiscreatesa"predictionerror“that

forcesthebraintoupdateitsbeliefs.Atthesametime,livingbyone'svaluesthroughconsistentactionshelps

rebuildasenseofcontrol.Thisprocessallowsustoactivelyreshapehowourbrainseestheworld.

A.Itforcesourmentalmodelstoadapt.B.Itspredictionsfeelnaturallyaccurate.C.Itconstantlyanticipatesfutureevents.D.Thisneuralflexibilityenablesmeaningfulchange.E.Physicalactivitydirectlychangesneuralconnections.F.Suchexperiencescancreatefixednegativeexpectations.G.Geneticvariationsinfluencetheseneurochemicalpathways.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ialwaysmissthedaysspentatuniversity.Myexperiencesthere41mealot,makingmeapersonIhadneverexpectedtobe.ImetindividualshavinggreatpassionsuchasProfessorJohnson.Hewas42,whoalwayspushedmebeyondthefortzone.Heaskedmetoanalyzeplexconceptsand43deepdiscussions.Asforacademichomework,Icouldalwaysreceivehisthorough44.Hisgreatdevotiontohisprofessionmotivatedmetoprogressfurther.Theweeklylabprogramswereunforgettable,usuallyincludingfieldtrips.Onetrip42OnacoldJanuaryafternoon,ProfessorJohnsonledustoastreamwhereI46somegreenwatercress(水田芥).Hetoldusaboutitsfunctionsandcharacteristicsandevenpickedsomeforusto47.Ihadneverimaginedavegetablecouldgrowinthiskindofwinterclimate,andonebiteofthevegetablewithgreatflavorandicy,crispfeel48me.Thatexperiencearousedmydeep49fornatureandmitmenttoenvironmentalconservation.Being50tofeelingsofaweatuniversityregularlyshiftedmyfocusawayfrommyself,makingme51inthepresenceofsomethinggreater.Basedonallthis,mybestadvicetofellowstudentsasto52aweduringthetimeatuniversity.Getinvolvedinopportunitiesthatstretchyou.53,youmayfeelconfusedandevenfrightenedalittlebitbutrealeducationrequiressomedegreeof54.Whenyoufinallywalkacrossthestageatgraduation,youwillbe55forthoseexperiences.41.A.favoredB.pleasedC.transformedD.consumed42.A.honestB.strictC.passionateD.polite43.A.enterintoB.breakC.attendtoD.withdrawfrom44.A.criticismsB.evaluationsC.descriptionsD.considerations45.A.stoodoutB.fadedawayC.gotthroughD.slippedout46.A.plantedB.protectedC.discoveredD.removed47.A.tasteB.record.C.watchD.sell48.A.stressedB.affectedC.addressedD.refreshed49.A.hopeB.admirationC.regretD.concern50.A.treatedBparedC.exposedD.added51.A.humbleB.nervousC.proudD.desperate52.A.preventB.seekC.abandonD.await53.A.GraduallyB.SecretlyC.OriginallyD.Suddenly54.ApetenceB.disfortC.knowledgeD.interest55.A.readyB.famousC.fitD.grateful第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词段括号内单词的正确形式。TheMediterraneanRegionalCentreforChineseMedicine(MRCTCM)56(open)aninsomnia(失眠)specialistclinicinPaola,MaltaonFriday.ChineseAmbassadortoMaltaDunhaisaidthattheopeningoftheclinicmarksasignificantmilestonefortheMRCTCM,57(reflect)thestrongtwowayrelationsbetweenChinaandMalta.NotingtheassistancebyChinesemedicalteamstotheMaltesemunity,saidChina'songoingmitmenttoservingMaltesepeopleis58reflectionof“excellenttwowayrelations”and“amessageofbringingcloserpeopletopeopleexchanges”.ClarencePace,chairmanoftheboardofMRCTCM,emphasizedthegrowing59(accept)ofTCMamongthelocalpopulation.“InsomniaisamonlyseenconditioninMalta,”Pacesaid,addingthatTCMusestreatmentsincludingacupuncture,whichresearchhasproved60(effect)intreatingsleepdisorders.MarioPumpach,56,sufferedfromsevereinsomniaforsevenyears.Thankfully,withacourseofacupuncture,Pumpachhadhissymptom