牛津译林版高中英语必修四Unit 3《tomorrows world》(Grammar and usage)教案

Unit3Tomorrow’sworldGrammarandusage一．【设计思想】以实际运用为主，让学生在语言交际中运用语法规则，在运用中逐步掌握语法规则。二．【教学目标】1.知识目标：（1）了解被动语态的动词基本形式和一些特殊的被动用法。(2)学会怎样在被动语态中使用情态动词。(3)学习经常用于被动语态的动词2.能力目标：能够准确地运用不同时态中的被动语态的动词形式。三．【教学重难点】了解被动语态的一些特殊用法【课堂导入】Step1用动词的被动语态填空。Theman_________(call)“Goodhusband”.Thepetdog__________(treat)byveterinary.Afrog__________(catch)byabigbirdjustnow.总结：被动语态的基本形式是______________________【课堂教与学】Step2帮助学生复习不同时态的被动语态一般现在时:am/is/are+done现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+done现在完成时:have/has+done一般将来时:shall/will+done一般过去时:was/were+done过去进行时:was/werebeing+done过去完成时:hadbeen+done过去将来时:wouldbe+doneAskstudentshowwecanchangeasentenceintothepassivevoice.Remindstudentsthatweshouldpayattentiontothefollowing:Findouttheobjectofthesentenceanduseitasthesubjectofthesentencewiththepassivevoice.Decidethetenseofthesentenceandusetherelatedformofitspassive.Ifnecessary,use“by”tojointheformersubject,whichshouldbeputintoitsobjectform.Askstudentswhenweusethepassivevoice.AskthemtoreadPoint3onpage48tofindtheanswer.Andgivethemthefollowingsentencesasexamples:不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.强调动作的承受者。Thesong“TheEastisRed”waswrittenbyapoorpeasant.动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting.AskstudentstoreadPoint3and4onpage48carefullyandcompletethefollowingpractice.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice:Allofuslikeher._______________________________________________________Wearediscussingthequestion._______________________________________________________Wehaveputoffthemeeting._______________________________________________________Iwilldevelopmypicturenextweek._______________________________________________________Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven:I___________(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.English___________(find)veryuseful.Thework______________(finish)tomorrow.Theflowers______________(water)bythemnow.Therailway________________(build)thistimelastyear.Thenewway_______already_________(build).Thenewrailway___________(build)bytheendoflastyear.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting____________(hold)thenextmonth.Rice___________(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.Askstudentstoreadthefourpiecesofinformationaboutthetopfourexhibitsonpage49andunderlinethesentencesthatcanbechangedintopassivevoice.Askstudentstocompletethereport.Remindthemofthedifferenttensesofpassivevoice.Step3ModalverbsandthepassivevoiceAskstudentshowtoformthepassivevoicewithmodalverbs.AskthemtoreadtheexamplesentencesinPart2andshowthemthepattern:Modalverb+be+doneAskstudentstodothefollowingpracticetounderstandthepatternbetter.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice:Theviewercantouchtheobjectsinthefilm._______________________________________________________Theviewermayfeelarealsenseofachievementandhappiness._______________________________________________________RealCinemightnotimpresssomeviewers._______________________________________________________TeacherscoulduseRealCineintheclassroomtoo._______________________________________________________Film-makersshoulduseRealCineforallfilms._______________________________________________________ScientistsoughttodevelopRealCinefurther._______________________________________________________Theviewermustwearspecialgloves._______________________________________________________Askstudentstoreadthefirstreportintheexercise.Thenaskthemtocompletethesecondreportbyreferringtotheinformationinthefirstone.Step4VerbsoftenusedinthepassivevoiceAskstudentstoreadtheinstructionsoftheexerciseonpage51andthetimeline.Thentheyshouldcompletethearticlewithsuitableverbsintheirproperforms.【课堂巩固】1.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow2.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written3.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump4.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfrom B.preventedfromC.bepreventedfrom D.topreventfrom5.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepaired C.willrepair D.wasrepairing6.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted7.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement________.A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached8.Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob?Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary…A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered9.Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?Yes,Ihave.Iguessit______now.A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading10.You_______paytoomuchattentiontoyourreadingskill,asitissoimportant.A.cannotB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t11.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would12.“Doyouthinkheislazy？”“I_____soonce,butIdon’tnow.”A.mayhavethoughtB.canhavethoughtC.maythinkD.mightthink13.______youhaveahappylife!A.CanB.MayC.CouldD.Should14.—Theworkwilltakemeanotherweek.I’mreallybusy.—Ithinkyou_____aswellturntoanexperiencedworker.A.mayB.canC.mustD.need15.—Mikeisoftenabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe_____answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A.shallB.willC.wouldD.can16.“Ithoughtyouwouldn’tmind.”“Well,asamatteroffactIdon’t,butyou_____mefirst.”A.shouldaskB.shouldhaveaskedC.mustaskD.musthaveasked17.There_____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’t B.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t18.I’msurprisedthatyournovel_______havewonthefirstprize.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.could19.Ifyou______waitamoment,I’llgoandfindourmanager.A.canB.shouldC.willD.must20.Withoutelectricityhumanlife＿＿＿quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbeStep5被动语态用法小结：It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句常用于这一结构的动词有：say,report,expect,prove,suppose等，该结构通常可转化为“be+过去分词+不定式”。例如：1）ItisreportedthattheyaresailinginthePacific.TheyarereportedtobesailinginthePacific.2)ItissaidthatMr.Bellinventedthefirsttelephone.Mr.Bellissaidtohaveinventedthefirsttelephone.当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。又如：Theoldbridgeissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheearly1930s.Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…二）情态动词的被动语态情态动词被动语态的结构为：一般式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+be+过去分词.完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+have+been+过去分词。例如：1）Youneedn’tmentionhisplaninyourspeech.Hisplanneedn’tbementionedinyourspeech.2）Youmighthavecompletedyourtaskaheadoftime.Yourtaskmighthavebeencompletedaheadoftime.三)被动语态的特殊情况：含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.被动语态常在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调动作的承受者时才用。助动词be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get+过去分词”，也可表示被动概念。例如：Youarewantedonthephone.固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等在变为被动句时，只需将其后的动词变为被动形式即可。例如：Thelittleboyusedtosendnewspapershere.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittleboy.4.“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是已经变为主语补足语了。例如;Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.Theboywascaughtsmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.5在使役动词have,make,以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例如：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

6主动语态表示被动意义的词(1)感官动词和系动词如：look,smell,feel,prove,hear,sound,tasteTheclothfeelsverysoft,Ilikeitverymuch(2)某些行为动词也可表示被动意义。常见的有：wash,write,sell,read例如：1.Thatkindofdresswasheswell.2.Thistypeofcomputersellswellamongteenagers.3.Thenovelreadswell.Itissuitableforchildren.(3)want,need,require,worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：1.Sheboughtmeabook,whichisworthreading.2.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.(4).某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：1.Shetoldmethatthefishwasnotfittoeat.2.Heistheonewhoishardtoplease.7.不及物动词或其构成的一些短语动词不能用于被动语态。例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belongto,takeplace,setsailfor,consistof等都属于此类动词或短语。例如：1.Thecommitteeconsistsofsixmembers.2.Youshouldn’ttakewhatdoesn’tbelongtoyou.3.Ihappenedtoseemyprofessorinthesupermarketyesterday.8.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况,这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail等。例如：1.TheflatcosthimaroundonemillionRMB.2.Thisbookcontainsallthephrasesyouhavelearnt.【提升与拓展】1.—Youdidn’twaitforMr.Blacklastnight,didyou?—No,butwe______.Hedidn’treturnhomeatall.A.couldn’thaveB.needn’thaveC.didn’tneedtoD.shouldhavewaited2.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean3.Shehadbetterleaveanotetohim.Anote_____tohim(byher).A.hadbetterleftB.hadbebetterleftC.hadbetterbeleftD.hadbetterbeenleft4.Weelectedherleader. Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected5.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issounded C.issoundedtobe D.sounds6.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don'tkeepB.cannotbekept C.arenotkept D.arenotkeeping7.Hereceivedatelegram___"MotherSick."A.written B.said C.reading D.writing8.Theclassroom______30feetlong.A.measuresB.ismeasured C.has D.haslength9.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly10.I__________you,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotaskingD.daretonotask11.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack__________behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can12.Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may13.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter goanddotheopposite.A.may B.can C.must D.should14.”Howaboutthedishes,Dear?”“Thebeefdidn’ttasteverygood.It______toolong.”A.cookedB.hadbeencookedC.wascooked D