四阅读理解-科教科普类-2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编

（4）阅读理解.科教科普类一一2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编

一、【2024年新高考I卷，阅读D】

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizen

scientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityarcoftenintheform

ofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumber

andvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

"Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswith

theaidofamobileapplication/'saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistant

professorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnow

outnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（标本）,andsinceweareincreasingly

usingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:

Aretheyusable?"

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Darnandhis

teamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

"Wcwereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）

data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadof

thegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.

Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesare

oftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealso

biasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

"Quitealot,"Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprove

thequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirm

theidentificationoftheiruploadedimage."

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

二、【2024年湖南长沙一模，阅读C】

Mostbirds,inparticular,exhibitsomedegreeofpatternsandcolours.Australia'szebrafinch（斑

胸草雀）,forexample,wassonamedbecauseofthezebra-likeblackandwhitebarsonitstail.Butit

alsohasmanyothercoloursandpatterns,fromabrightorangebilltofinewhilespotsalongitsreddish-

brownsides.It'snotuncommontospotthebirdinthedrierpartsofAustralia.

Wetendtosupposeallindividualsofthatspecieshavetheirspotsandbarsinthesameplaces.

Lookcloseryetwe'llseethatthequantityanddesignofthesepatternsvarybetweenindividuals.And

somehowabirdexhibitsamoreobviousfeathervariation.Occasionally,weseeonethathaslarger

thanusualpaleareasoffeathersor,morerarely,haslostitsnormalpatterningaltogether.

Colourationandpatterninginallanimalsarccausedbyarangeofpigments（色素）.Melanin

（黑色素）isresponsibleforblacksandbrowns,andalackofthispigmentcancauseapartialor

totallossofanindividuafsdarkpatterning.Thetwomaintermsthatdescribetheseabnormalitiesare

albinismandleucism.Bothconditionsaregeneticandbothcanleadtoaverysimilarphysical

appearance.Leucism,however,causesalackofthepigmentcellsthatproducemelanin.Butalbinism

causestheproductionofmelanintobereducedorabsent.

Canwedistinguishbetweenthetwoconditionswithoutthehelpofacellularbiologist?Yes.

Albinoanimalshavefullyunpigmentedredeyes.Leucisticanimals,ontheotherhand,never

completelylosepigmentfromtheeye,althoughtheycanhaveblueeyesduetoapartiallossofpigment.

Whydon'tweseemorealbinoorleucisticbirds?Becausethelackofmelaninreducesthestrength

andlastingnessoftheaffectedbirds'feathers,makingthemmoreeasilybroken.Additionally,thebirds1

visionandhearingarenegativelyaffected,makingthemlessabletohunt.Thebrighterfeathersand

lackofpatterningalsomakethemeasierforattackerstosee.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutAustralia'szebrafinch?

A.ItisoneoftherarestbirdsinAustralia.

B.Itismostlycoveredwithbrightorangefeathers.

C.Itacquiresitsnamefromitstailcoloursandpatterns.

D.Ithasthesamespotsandban;inthesameplaces.

2.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?

A.Bygivingexplanations.B.Bypresentingopinions.

C.Bysettingassumptions.D.Bydrawingconclusions.

3.Whatcanalackofmelaninleadto?

A.Totallossofpatterns.B.Genetically-bornabnormalities.

C.Darkenedfeathers.D.Abnormalformationofwings.

4.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesalbinoorleucisticbirds?

A.Theyhavequitegoodhearing.B.Theyhavecompletelyredeyes.

C.Theyhaveexcellenthuntingskills.D.Theyhaveeasilybrokenfeathers.

三、【2024年浙江绍兴模拟，阅读C】

Whalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,

biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocaplure（捕获）tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservice

withaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublished

bytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhales,normallyviewedas

ahumangood,alsohasamonetarymotivation.

"Thecarboncapturepotentialofwhalesistrulyincredible,"saidthereport."Ourconservative

estimatesputthevalueoftheaveragegreatwhaleatmorethanUS$2million,andeasilyoverUS$1

trillionforthecurrentslockofgreatwhales."Whalesabsorbcarbonintheirbodiesduringtheirlong

lives,someofwhichstretchto200years.Whentheydie,theysinktothebottomoftheocean,taking

thecarbonwiththem.Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxide

onaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthe

whale.

Whalepopulationsaretodayasmidgenofwhattheyoncewere.Itisestimatedthatthereareslightly

morethan1.3millionwhalesintheocean,aquarteroftheirpre-whalingnumberof4to5million.

Somespeciesinparticular,likethebluewhale,arconly3percentofwhattheyusedtobe."Wccan

createfinancialmethodstopromotetherestorationoftheworld'swhalepopulations,Msaidthereport\

authors."Rewardscouldhelpthosewhopaysignificantcostsasaresultofwhaleprotection.H

WiththeParisAgreementcomingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermore

widespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsare

putforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveral

generationstoreturnthemtotheirpre-whalingnumbers."Societyandourownsurvivalcan'tafford

towaitthislong,"theysaid.

1.Whatdoesthenewstudyrevealaboutwhales?

A.Theyaremoney-makersforgood.B.Theirintelligenceisunquestionable.

C.Theyareanaturalclimatesolution.D.Theirsurvivalisthreatenedbycarbon.

2.Whyisawhalecomparedwithatreeinparagraph2?

A.Toindicateallmatterregardinggreenefforts.

B.Toillustratewhalesarefriendlytotheoceans.

C.Tohighlightwhales'carboncapturepotential.

D.Toemphasizetheimportanceoftreeplanting.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatresearcherssaidinparagraph4?

A.Climatechangeintensifies.B.Whalepopulationsstaylow.

C.Oursurvivalisendangered.D.Whaleprotectionisapriority.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?

A.ProtectwhalestoprotecttheplanetB.Howtorestorewhalepopulations

C.LiveinharmonywithoceangiantsD.Whalescanguaranteeoursurvival

四、【2024年辽宁朝阳二模，阅读D】

PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange,bringingrecord-

breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem,anewstudyhasrevealed.

Theteam,fromtheUniversityofTsukuba,Japan,havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarming

hittingpartsofthecountry,sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmore

andmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures,"theywrote.

Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedand

unprecedented（前Wi未有的）levels,whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents,

researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges.

"Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedv/atervapour

flowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,such

asamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."

PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto（遭受）anincreasingnumberofdamaging,extreme

weathereventsoverthepastdecade.

Tounderstandtheimpact,theteamusedhigh-resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodel

simulations（模拟）thatvirtuallyre-createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatother

regionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata（气象数据）from

1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.

Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4'Cofwanning,comparedtopreindustrial

levels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.

Firstauthor,ProfessorYoichiKamae,saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapour

transport,aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsof

atmosphericrivcr-rclatcdrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEast

Asia,includinginJapan,theKoreanPeninsula,andnortheasternChina.Theyhadtolimitthestudyto

EastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregions

aroundtheworld.

1.What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming?

A.Itcontributestopollutedair.

B.Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.

C.Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.

D.Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.

2.TheauthorwroteParagraph4to.

A.describethenewstudyB.introduceatmosphericrivers

C.analyzethecauseofrainfallD.warnpeopleofglobalwarming

3.Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect?

A.Bycomparison.B.Bydiscussion.C.Byexamples.D.Byexplanation

4.What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations?

A.Theyarerisky.B.Theyarevalueless.

C.Theyareperfect.D.Theyareconvincing.

五、【2024年重庆模拟，阅读D】

Researchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserved,datingfromthedawnofthe

universe,andfoundthatitis"eating1'itshostgalaxytodeath.

Theinternationalteam,ledbytheUniversityofCambridge,usedtheJamesWebbSpace

Telescope(JWST)todetecttheblackhole,whichdatesfrom400millionyearsafterthebigbang.The

results,whichleadauthorProfessorRobertoMaiolinosaysare"agiantleapforward",arcreportedin

thejournalNature.

Thissurprisinglymassiveblackholeevenexistssoearlyintheuniversechallengesour

assumptionsabouthowblackholesformandgrow.Thesizeofthisnewly-discoveredblackhole

suggeststhattheymightforminotherways:theymightbe'bornbig'ortheycancatmatteratarate

that'sfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossible.Likeallblackholes,thisyoungblackhole

devoursmaterialfromitshostgalaxytofuelitsgrowth.

Accordingtostandardmodels,supennassiveblackholesformfromtheremainsofdeadstars,

whichcollapseandmayformablackholeaboutahundredtimesthemassoftheSun.Ifitgrewinan

expectedway,thisnewly-detectedblackholewouldtakeaboutabillionyearstogrowtoitsobserved

size.However,theuniversewasnotyetabillionyearsoldwhenthisblackholewasdetected.

Theyounghostgalaxy,calledGN-zl1,isacompactgalaxy,aboutonehundredtimessmallerthan

theMilkyWay,buttheblackholeislikelyharmingitsdevelopment.Whenblackholesconsumetoo

muchgas,itpushesthegasawaylikeanultra-fastwind.This"wind"couldstoptheprocessofstar

formation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,butitwillalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutoffthe

blackhole'ssourceof"food".

MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtime

inhiscareer."It'sanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo'stelescopecoamodern

telescopeovernight,"hesaid."Theuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatit'sshowingus,andthis

isjustthebeginning/'

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devours"meaninParagraph3?

A.Changes.B.Swallows.C.Observes.D.Forms.

2.AccordingtoParagraph5,v/hyisGN-zl1likelytobeharmed?

A.Becausethehostgalaxyistoosmall.

B.Becausetheblackholeiskillingitself.

C.Becausethe"wind"ceasesstarformation.

D.Becauseblackholesproducetoomuchgas.

3.WhatisMaiolino'sattitudetothenewdiscoveryabouttheblackhole?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Theblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssize.

B.Supermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernight.

C.Thenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforward.

D.Thehostgalaxyandtheblackholecanbedestroyedbythe"wind".

六、【2024年山西吕梁模拟，阅读D】

Animalshavedevelopedacircadianclock-aninternalbodyclockthatrunsin24-hourcycles.

Itisregulatedbycues（提示）fromtheirenvironment.Buttheymaysufferfroma"jetlag（时差反

应）"whenthecuesanimalsareexposedtodonotmatchtheonesoftheirnaturalenvironment.

KristineGandia,aPhDstudentattheUniversityofStirlinginScotland,andateamofobservers

setouttounderstandhowthe"jetlag"oflivinginlatitudes（纬度）thatanimalswerenotusedtocan

affectthem.Giantpandaswerechosenasthefocusforthestudypartlybecausetheylivehighly

seasonallives."

"Giantpandasareverygoodanimalstofocuson/'Gandiasaid."Theyareverypopularinzoos

andtherearealotthathavecamerassowecanseehowtheirbehaviorchangesacrossdifferentlatitudes.

Thesecamerasenabledustomonitorthegiantpandas'behavioracrossa24-hourperiod."

Gandiaexplainedthatthelatitudinalrangeforgiantpandasisbetween26and42degreesnorth.

Matchinglatitudescouldalsobeconsideredbetween26and42degreessouth,asthesemirrorthe

temperatureandlightingconditions.

Theteammonitored1Igiantpandasinsixdifferentzoos.Somezooswerewithintheanimals'

naturallatitudesbutinothercountriesandtheotherswereoutsidethatrange.

Gandiaexplained,"Werecordedgiantpandabehavior,tryingtoaccountforbehaviorsthatare

positive,neutral（中性的）andnegativeindicatorsforwelfare.So,thiswouldincludebehaviorslike

playandgroomingaspositivebehaviors,drinkinganddefecatingasneutralmaintenancebehaviors,

andseveralabnormalbehaviorsasnegativebehaviors,withpacingbeingthemostcommon."

Thoselivinginzoosoutsideoftheirhomelatitudewerefoundtobelessactiveanddisplaymore

negativebehaviors.

"Giantpandaslivinginzooscouldbesufferingfroma'jetlag'iftheirbodyclocksdon'tmatch

theirenvironments/Gandiasaid.

1.WhatdocsGandiaandherteam'sstudyfocuson?

A.Animalbehavior.B.Animalbodyclock.

C.Animalpopularity.D.Animaldistribution.

2.Whatisareasonwhypandaswerechosenforthestudy?

A.Widelatitudeoftheirnaturalhabitat.B.Theirstrongadaptability.

C.Theexistingfindingsaboutthem.D.Theconvenienceofobservation.

3.Howwasthestudycarriedout?

A.Byanalyzingreasons.B.Bycomparingrecordings.

C.Byconductinginterviews.D.Bylistingexamples.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Will"JetLag"BeAbletoBeAvoided?

B.CouldAnimalsSufferfroma"JetLag"?

C.IsPandaaProperSubjecttoStudy"JetLag"?

D.DoesSeasonHaveAnythingtoDowith"JetLag1,?

七、【2024年江苏苏州模拟，阅读D】

Newresearchshowsthatremovingblackrhinos'horns（犀牛角）tomakethemlessattractiveto

illegalhuntersisreducingtheirterritorysizesandmakingthemlesssociablewitheachother.

Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPNAS,foundthatde-homedSouthAfricanrhinoshavehome

rangesthatare45percentsmallerthanthoseofcompleteanimals,andthattheywere37percentless

likelytoengageinsocialinteractions.

"Thebig,dominantbullsthatusedtohaveverylargeterritoriesthatoverlappedwithalotoffemales

maynowhavemuchlessterritoryandmuchlessreproductive（繁殖的）success,"saysVanessaDuthe,

wholedtheworkalSwitzerland'sUniversityofNeuchatel.

"It'sreallyhardtopredicttheeffectsofthis,"shesays."Itdoesn'tmeanthatpopulationsuccesswill

necessarilydecline,becauseitmightopenupgapsforyoungermalesthatwouldnothavehadthe

spaceorthemeansbefore."Indeed,aUniversityofBristolstudypublishedlastyearshowedthatde-

homing（去角）doesnotnegativelyaffectpopulationsoverall.

Butsuchunintendedbehavioralconsequencesnecessarilyfeedintojudgmentsaboutwhetherthis

highlyinvasiveuroccduncisworthwhile.Remarkably,perhaps,thereislittlehardevidenceeitherway.

"Noone'sputallthedatatogethertosaywhetherit'sareallyeffectivemeasure,"saysDuthe.

"Whatisclearisthattheintroductionofde-horningandadeclineinillegalhuntinghasoccurredat

thesametime,"sheadds.1'Butde-horninghasbeenaccompaniedbyotherconservationmeasuresthat

maybemoreeffective.n

"It'sincrediblycomplicated,'*saysLucyChimes,amemberoftheBristolteam."Therearesomany

otherfactorsinvolved.Youhavetoconsiderwhatothersecuritymeasuresarebeingcarriedout-

fencing,patrols,staffnumbers-andpovertylevelssurroundingparks,theirnearnesstonationalborders

andwhetherthereiscommunityengagement."Chimesiscurrentlyplanningaprojectthataimsto

separatetheseandotherfactors.Inthemeantime,Duthebelievesthatde-horningisaworthwhiletool

oflastcourseofaction."Arhinothatisbehavingalittlebitstrangelyisbetterthanadeadrhino."

1.Whatisthepurposeofremovingthehornsofblackrhinos?

A.Tomakethemlesssociable.B.Toprotectthemfrombeinghunted.

C.Toreducetheirhomeranges.D.Toaffecttheirreproductivesuccess.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"invasiveprocedure"inparagraph5referto?

A.Theremovalofrhinohorns.B.Thelossofrhinoterritories.

C.Theimpactonrhinopopulation.D.Thechangeofrhinobehavior.

3.WhatisChimes'attitudetowardthede-horningofblackrhinos?

A.Supportive.B.Opposed.C.Unconcerned.D.Uncertain.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.De-horningrhinosshowssatisfyingeffects.

B.Variousfactorsleadtothedeclineinillegalhunting.

C.De-horningisthelastactionresearcherswilltake.

D.Rhinosaresupposedtobehavealittlebitstrangely.

八、【2024年江西九江三模，阅读D】

Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia（，怀旧）asself-conscious,sociallyemotional,bittersweet

butmainlypositive.Itdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithalongingforthepastandtheclose

relationshipswehadbackthen.Often,nostalgiainvolvesfivesenses.Forexample,thesmellofautumn

leavesmightsparkaninlenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.

Almosteveryoneexperiencesnostalgia,althoughitsobjecttendstovarythroughoutlife.One

surveyconductedbythepsychologistKrystineIreneBatchofoundthatyoungerpeoplefeltmore

nostalgiaforpets,toys,andholidaysthandidolderpeople,whofeltitmorestronglyformusic.Icame

ofageinthe1980s,andevensongsIfoundhopelesslyannoyingbackthencanfillmewithnostalgic

emotions.

AsmycolleagueJulieBeckhaswritten,nostalgiawasoriginallyviewedasanemotionaldisorder

whenitwasfirstdefinedinthelate17thcentury.And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleare

experiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.Lonelinesscanbeatrigger,asresearchers

foundin2008.Anotherisbadweather.

However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorincrease

unhappiness.Rather,nostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappiness,onethatbringsrelieffroma

negativemood.PsychologistswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyin2006

foundthatstirringnostalgiainexperimentsstrengthenedpeople'ssocialbonds,boostedtheirpositive

feelingsaboutthemselves,andimprovedtheirmood.Similarresearchhasshownthatwhenpeople

feelnostalgia,itcanfiretheirsenseoflife'smeaning,loweranexistential（存在主义的）reaction

totheideaofdeath,increasespirituality,andraiseoptimism.

Scholarsaren'tsureexactlywhynostalgiaworks;somehaveinferredthatrecallinghappy

memoriesstrengthens"valuedaspectsoftheself"insituationswhenwemightotherwisefeellonely

orunworthy.Eitherway,itsemotionalintensityallowsthejoyofthepasttooverpowerthe

unpleasantnessoithepresent,alittleescapismthathelpsgetusthroughthebadtimes.

1.Whatdothepsychologiststhinkofnostalgia?

A.Alwayspainful.B.Primarilypositive.

C.Seldomintense.D.Usuallyunconscious.

2.Whyistheauthor'sexperiencementionedinparagraph2?

A.Toshowtheobjectsofnostalgiachangewithage.

B.Toillustrateannoyingmusicoftenleadstonostalgia.

C.Tohighlighttheyoungaremorelikelytobenostalgic.

D.Todemonstratenostalgiahasanimpactonemotions.

3.Inwhichsituationmaypeopleeasilyfeelnostalgia?

A.Attendingalivelyclass.B.Engaginginafamilyreunion.

C.Stayingaloneinanemptyroom.D.Joininginajoyfulbirthdayparty.

4.Whatmaybeabenefitofnostalgia?

A.Maintainingself-respectB.Shapingpersonalinsights.

C.Escapingfromdailychaos.D.Enhancingone'sself-worth.

答案以及解析

、

1.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,

videos,andotherdigitalrecords.（今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片，视频和其他数字记录

的形式出现。可知,现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。）故正确答案为B。

2.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（标本）,andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigate

howspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?（这些观察结果现

在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应

对全球变化,我想知道:它们有用吗？）和第四段"Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringthe

aspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientist

totakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.（Daru说:“我彳门特

别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照

片，而不是它旁边的草。”）可知,Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据,即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观

察数据。故正确答案为C。

3.答案；C

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsof

samplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakea

pictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.（Daru说:"我们特别感兴

趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不

是它旁边的草。”）以及第五段Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservational

biodiversitydataonmobiledevicesaieoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspecies

inareasnearby.（这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科

学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。）可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采洋方式的不

当。故正确答案为C。

4.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprove

thequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirm

theidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.（生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知

用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量,

生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。）可知,Daru建议生

物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故正确答案为Do

二、

1.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"Australia'szebrafinch（斑胸草雀），forexample,wasso

namedbecauseofthezebra-likeblackandwhitebarsonitstail."可知,澳大利亚的斑陶草雀因其

尾部颜色和图案而得名。

2.答案：A

解析：行文逻辑题。分析段落结构可知，第三段第一、二句是本段主旨句，之后展开论述

twomainterms-albinism（白化）andleucism（白色亚种），论述的方式根据原句可知是以

解释概念为主。比如"Bothconditionsare...""Leucism,howeve