江苏省昆山市某中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次阶段测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省昆山市某中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次阶段测试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFAQsonpreparingyourApplicationQ:ShouldItargetmyApplicationtoaspecificJobOpening(JO)?A:Yes.Naturally,acustomizedcovernotewillalsohelpyoufocusonthekeyaspectsofyourApplicationthatrelatetotheJO,butitisalsoinyourinteresttotargettheApplicationaccordingtotheresponsibilitiesandcompetenciesoftheposition.Q:What’sthedifferencebetweendutiesandachievements?A:Dutiesdescribethespecificresponsibilitiesofyourjob.Theyaccuratelyreflectwhatyouaredoingorhavedoneineachofyourpreviousjobs.Inotherwords,itisthe“whatyoudo”ofyourjob.Achievementsdescribeinspecificterms“howwell”youdidinyourjob.Q:Manyofmyachievementsareteam-based,howdoIdrafttheminmyApplication?A:Youshouldincludeyourteam-basedachievementsinyourApplication.Indicatethatyouwerepartofateam,anddescribeyourspecificroleinreachingthegoal.FAQsongeneralApplicationguidelinesQ:CanIsavemyApplication?A:Yes.YoushouldsaveyourApplicationwhenyoumakechangesand/orupdateit.ItisrecommendedthatyousavedifferentversionsofyourApplicationinWordformatandthenedittheApplicationonlineaccordingtothepostforwhichyouareapplying.Q:CanIupdatemyApplicationtoapplyforanewJO?A:Yes.EachtimeyouapplyforanewJO,werecommendthatyoureviewyourApplicationandupdateit,ifappropriate,ortargetittobetterreflectyoursuitabilityforthenewJO.YourupdateswillnotaffectthecontentofApplicationspreviouslysubmittedagainstotherJOs.Q:MustIuseupalltheavailablecharactersineachsectionofmyApplication?A:No.Infact,doingsomayresultinanunnecessarylengthyApplication.Unlessyouhaveanenormousrangeofexperiences,thereisnoreasontouseupallthespacegiven.Applicantsareencouragedtolisttheirdutiesandachievementsinaclearandbriefmanner.1.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsbestshowsyourachievements?A.I’vedevelopedvariousinterests,rangingfromoilpaintingtodesigningmodel.B.I’mgoodatcreatingproposalsfornewproductideasaimedataspecificmarket.C.I’minchargeoftheclearance,productionanddistributionofinformationmaterial.D.Isucceededindirectingavideopresentation,assistingourgrouptowinthefirstprize.2.IfyouwanttoapplyforanotherJO,you’dbetter__________.A.targetyourfocusonyourinterestintheJOB.saveyourlatestapplicationinWordformatC.prepareoneapplicationwithallyourcompetenciesD.updateyourapplicationtomatchnewrequirements3.Applicantsareexpectedto__________intheirapplications.A.introducewhatJOstheyhavepreviouslyappliedtoB.listthegreatestachievementstheyhavemadeindetailC.givekeyinformationabouttheirexperiencesandachievementsD.providetheresultsoftheirtests,assessmentsandexaminations【答案】1.D2.D3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要列举了一些有关准备申请职位空缺的常见问题。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二个问题的回答“Dutiesdescribethespecificresponsibilitiesofyourjob.Theyaccuratelyreflectwhatyouaredoingorhavedoneineachofyourpreviousjobs.Inotherwords,itisthe“whatyoudo”ofyourjob.Achievementsdescribeinspecificterms“howwell”youdidinyourjob.(职责描述了你工作的具体职责。它们准确地反映了你在以前的每一份工作中正在做的事情或曾经做过的事情。换句话说，它是你工作的“你做什么”。成就用具体的术语来描述你在工作中做得“有多好”)”可知，D选项“我成功导演了一个视频展示，帮助我们小组获得了一等奖”最能说明你的成就。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“EachtimeyouapplyforanewJO,werecommendthatyoureviewyourApplicationandupdateit,ifappropriate,ortargetittobetterreflectyoursuitabilityforthenewJO.YourupdateswillnotaffectthecontentofApplicationspreviouslysubmittedagainstotherJOs.(每次申请新的JO时，我们建议你检查并更新你的申请，如果合适的话，或者针对你的申请更好地反映你对新JO的适用性。你的更新不会影响以前针对其他JO提交的申请的内容)”可知，如果你想申请另一个JO，你最好更新你的申请以符合新的要求。故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Unlessyouhaveanenormousrangeofexperiences,thereisnoreasontouseupallthespacegiven.Applicantsareencouragedtolisttheirdutiesandachievementsinaclearandbriefmanner.(除非你有丰富的经验，否则没有理由把所有的空间都用完。我们鼓励申请人以简洁明了的方式列出自己的职责和成就)”可知，申请人应在申请中提供有关其经历和成就的关键信息。故选C。BMontessoriwasborninItalyin1870withprogressiveparents,whofrequentlycommunicatedwiththecountry’sleadingthinkersandscholars.ThisenlightenedfamilyenvironmentprovidedMontessoriwithmanyadvantagesoverotheryounggirlsofthetime.Hermother’ssupportwasvitalforsomeimportantdecisions,suchasherenrolmentinatechnicalschoolafterherelementaryeducation.Herparents’supportalsoprovedtobeessentialforherdecisiontostudymedicine,afieldthatwasdominatedbymen.Soonaftergraduating,in1896,MontessoribeganworkasavoluntaryassistantinaclinicattheUniversityofRome,whereshecaredforchildrenwithlearningdifficulties.Theroomswerebare,withjustafewpiecesoffurniture.Oneday,shefoundthatthechildrenwereenthusiasticallyplayingwithbreadcrumbs(面包屑)thathaddroppedonthefloor.Itthenoccurredtoherthattheoriginofsomeintellectualdisabilitiescouldberelatedwithpoverty.Withtherightlearningmaterials,theseandotheryoungmindscouldbenurtured,Montessoriconcluded.TheobservationwouldleadMontessoritodevelopanewmethodofeducationthatfocusedonprovidingoptimalstimulationduringthesensitiveperiodsofchildhood.Atitscentrewastheprinciplethatallthelearningmaterialsshouldbechild-sizedanddesignedtoappealtoallthesenses.Inaddition,eachchildshouldalsobeallowedtomoveandactfreely,andusetheircreativityandproblem-solvingskills.Teacherstooktheroleofguides,supportingthechildrenwithoutpressorcontrol.MontessoriopenedherfirstChildren’sHousein1907.WhentheFascists(法西斯主义者)firstcameintopowerinItalyin1922,theyinitiallyembracedhermovement.Buttheysooncametoopposetheemphasisonthechildren’sfreedomofexpression.Montessori’svalueshadalwaysbeenabouthumanrespect,andtherightsofchildrenandwomen,buttheFascistswantedtouseherworkandherfame.ThingsreachedabreakingpointwhentheFascisttriedtoinfluencetheschools’educationalcontent,andin1934MontessoriandhersondecidedtoleaveItaly.Shedidn’treturntoherhomelanduntil1947,andshecontinuedtowriteaboutanddevelophermethoduntilherdeathin1952,attheageof81.4.TheprimaryreasonforMontessoritodevelopaneweducationalmethodwas______.A.herfamily’ssupportiveinfluenceonhereducationB.herexperienceasavoluntaryassistantinaclinicC.herobservationofchildrenplayingwithbreadcrumbshappilyD.herdecisiontostudymedicine,afielddominatedbymen5.WhatwasacentralprincipleofMontessori’seducationalmethodasdescribedinthepassage?A.Providingstandardized,one-size-fits-alllearningmaterials.B.Encouragingstrictdisciplineandcontroloverchildren’sactions.C.Focusingonrotememorizationandcompetition.D.Creatingafreeandchildren-centeredlearningenvironment.6.MontessoridecidedtoleaveItalyin1934because.A.shewantedtoexploreothercountriesandculturesB.shewantedtoavoidtheFascist’sinfluenceonherworkC.shewasofferedabetterjobinadifferentcountryD.shewantedtoretireandenjoyapeacefullifeinanothercountry7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMontessoriinthispassage?A.Observantandinnovative. B.Traditionalandemotional.C.Progressiveanddependent. D.Open-mindedandindifferent.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了教育家蒙台梭利是如何发展出新的教育方法的，其教育方法的特色以及影响。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Oneday,shefoundthatthechildrenwereenthusiasticallyplayingwithbreadcrumbs(面包屑)thathaddroppedonthefloor.Itthenoccurredtoherthattheoriginofsomeintellectualdisabilitiescouldberelatedwithpoverty.(一天，她发现孩子们正兴高采烈地玩着掉在地上的面包屑。她突然想到，一些智力缺陷的根源可能与贫穷有关)”可知，蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法的主要原因是她观察到孩子们开心地玩面包屑。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Atitscentrewastheprinciplethatallthelearningmaterialsshouldbechild-sizedanddesignedtoappealtoallthesenses.Inaddition,eachchildshouldalsobeallowedtomoveandactfreely,andusetheircreativityandproblem-solvingskills.Teacherstooktheroleofguides,supportingthechildrenwithoutpressorcontrol.(它的核心原则是，所有的学习材料都应该适合儿童，并设计成能吸引所有感官。此外，每个孩子也应该被允许自由移动和行动，并发挥他们的创造力和解决问题的能力。老师们扮演了向导的角色，在没有压力和控制的情况下支持孩子们)”可知，文中所描述的蒙台梭利教育方法的核心原则是营造自由、以儿童为中心的学习环境。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThingsreachedabreakingpointwhentheFascisttriedtoinfluencetheschools’educationalcontent,andin1934MontessoriandhersondecidedtoleaveItaly.(当法西斯主义者试图影响学校的教育内容时，事情达到了一个突破点，1934年蒙台梭利和她的儿子决定离开意大利)”可知，1934年，蒙台梭利决定离开意大利，因为她想避免法西斯分子对她工作的影响。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheobservationwouldleadMontessoritodevelopanewmethodofeducationthatfocusedonprovidingoptimalstimulationduringthesensitiveperiodsofchildhood.(这一观察结果将引导蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法，专注于在儿童的敏感时期提供最佳的刺激)”以及倒数第二段“MontessoriopenedherfirstChildren’sHousein1907.(1907年，蒙台梭利开办了她的第一所儿童之家)”可推知，蒙台梭利是善于观察和创新的。故选A。C“Canyoufinishtheworkbytheendoftheday?”Thisquestionmightcauseanxietyformanyemployees.However,recentresearchindicatesthatshorterdeadlinescanactuallyhelpsomeindividualstocompletetasksmoreefficientlyandperceivetheirworkloadaslessfrightening.Inastudyfocusedonretirementplanning,volunteerscompletedabriefonlinesurveyundertwodifferentdeadlineconditions.Onegrouphadsevendaystofinishthesurvey,whiletheotherwasgiven14days.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthosefacingthelongerdeadlineoftenviewedthetaskasmoredifficult.Althoughparticipantswiththeextendeddeadlineinitiallyinvestedmoretimeandresources,theywerealsomorelikelytoprocrastinate(拖延)andlesslikelytocompletetheassignmentcomparedtothosewithshorterdeadlines.Recognizingthatpeoplefrequentlydealwithmultipledeadlines,researchersexploredhowindividualsmanagevarioustasksatthesametime.Thefindingsfoundamentaltendency:individualsoftendelayimportanttasksinfavorofurgentbutlesssignificantones.Forexample,manydelayroutinemedicalcheck-ups—crucialforhealth—infavorofrushingtoastoreforalimited-timesale.Thisoccursbecauseimportanttasksfeelmorecomplexanddistant,whileurgenttasksprovideimmediatesatisfaction.Thesepatternshavesignificantresultsformanagersandothersinvolvedinsettingdeadlines.Understandingthesementalprocessescanhelpfindstrategiestoenhancetaskcompletionrates.Shortdeadlinesforurgenttaskstendtodrawattentionmoreeffectively,leadingtohighercompletionratesandreducedprocrastination.Ontheotherhand,longerdeadlinescanleadtoexcessivecarefulthoughtordistraction,resultinginincompletework.However,it’sessentialtorecognizethatlongerdeadlinesmaystillbenecessaryforcomplextasks,particularlywhenexternalfactors,suchasresourceavailabilityorcooperation,requireadditionaltimeforpropercompletion.Insuchcases,abalancedapproachiscrucial:settingrealisticdeadlinesthataccountforbothurgencyandcomplexitycanleadtoimprovedoutcomes.Byrecognizingtheminordifferencesofhumanmotivation,individualsandorganizationscandevelopeffectivestrategiesfortaskmanagement.8.Accordingtorecentresearch,whatmayshorterdeadlinesbringabout?A.Increasedstress. B.Higherefficiency.C.Reducedworkload. D.Slowercompletion.9.Whydopeopletendtodelayimportanttasksforurgentones?A.Urgenttasksofferinstantrewards. B.Urgenttasksaremorecomplicated.C.Importanttasksarelesschallenging. D.Importanttasksneedsmulti-tasking.10.Howshouldmanagerssetproperdeadlinestoimproveoutcome?A.Setalltaskswithshorterdeadlines. B.Prioritizeresourcesandcooperation.C.Balancetaskurgencyandcomplexity. D.Extenddeadlinesforsignificanttasks.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheRoleofUrgencyinTaskCompletion B.StrategiesforManagingVariousDeadlinesC.InfluencesofProcrastinationonWorkQuality D.ThePowerofDeadlinesinTaskManagement【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了截止日期对工作效率和工作量感知的影响，指出较短的截止日期可能提高某些人的工作效率，并减少他们对工作量的恐惧。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,recentresearchindicatesthatshorterdeadlinescanactuallyhelpsomeindividualstocompletetasksmoreefficientlyandperceivetheirworkloadaslessfrightening.(然而，最近的研究表明，较短的截止日期实际上能够帮助一些人更高效地完成任务，并且使他们觉得工作量没有那么大)”可知，较短的截止日期可以提高效率，故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisoccursbecauseimportanttasksfeelmorecomplexanddistant,whileurgenttasksprovideimmediatesatisfaction.(这种情况之所以会发生，是因为重要的任务往往显得更为复杂且遥不可及，而紧急的任务则能带来立竿见影的满足感)”可知，人们倾向于推迟重要任务以完成紧急任务，因为紧急任务提供即时满足，故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Insuchcases,abalancedapproachiscrucial:settingrealisticdeadlinesthataccountforbothurgencyandcomplexitycanleadtoimprovedoutcomes.(在这种情况下，采取平衡的策略至关重要：设定既符合实际又兼顾紧迫性和复杂性的截止日期，这样能够带来更好的结果)”可知，管理者应该平衡任务的紧迫性和复杂性来设定合适的截止日期，故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段““Canyoufinishtheworkbytheendoftheday?”Thisquestionmightcauseanxietyformanyemployees.However,recentresearchindicatesthatshorterdeadlinescanactuallyhelpsomeindividualstocompletetasksmoreefficientlyandperceivetheirworkloadaslessfrightening.(“你能在今天结束前完成这项工作吗？”这个问题可能会让许多员工感到焦虑。然而，最近的研究表明，较短的截止日期实际上能够帮助一些人更高效地完成任务，并且使他们觉得工作量没有那么大)”以及文章主要讨论了截止日期对任务完成情况的影响，包括如何提高任务完成率和减少拖延，因此最佳标题是D选项“截止日期在任务管理中的力量”。故选D。DTheSecretofSuccessTherecipeforsucceedinginanygivenfieldishardlyamystery:goodideas,hardwork,discipline,imagination,perseveranceandmaybealittleluck.Oh,andlet’snotforgetfailure,whichDashunWangandhiscolleaguesatNorthwesternUniversitycall“theessentialprerequisite(先决条件)forsuccess”inanewpaper.Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberinNature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.Itturnsoutthattryingagainandagainonlyworksifyoulearnfromyourpreviousfailures.Theideaistoworksmart,nothard.Youhavetofigureoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,andthenfocusonwhatneedstobeimprovedinsteadofstrugglingaroundandchangingeverything,”saysWang.“Thepeoplewhofaileddidn’tnecessarilyworklessthanthosewhosucceeded.Theycouldactuallyhaveworkedmore:it’sjustthattheymademoreunnecessarychanges.”Astheyexplored“themechanismsgoverningthedynamicsoffailure”,Wang’steamidentifiedwhattheydescribeaspreviouslyunknownstatisticalsignaturesthatseparatesuccessfulgroupsfromunsuccessfulgroups,makingitpossibletopredicttheirfinaloutcomes.Onesuchkeyindicatoristhetimebetweenconsecutive(连续的)failedattempts,whichshoulddecreasesteadily.Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehundredsofthousandsofundertakingstheyhadanalyzed,aforkintheroadwhereonepathleadstoadevelopmentregionandoneleadstoastagnationregion.Wangpointsoutthattheexistenceofthetippingpointcutsagainstthetraditionalexplanationsforfailureorsuccess,suchasluckoraperson’sworkhabits.“Whatwe’reshowinghereisthatevenintheabsenceofsuchdifferences,youcanstillhaveverydifferentoutcomes.”hesays.Whatmattersishowpeoplefail,howtheyrespondtofailureandwherethosefailureslead.12.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2that________.A.winnersaremorepersistentthanlosersB.failureisnotimportantforsuccessatallC.moretryingdoesn’tnecessarilyresultinsuccessD.winnersandlosersdifferinhowmanytimestheytried13.Wangandhiscolleaguesbelievethat________.A.noonecanobtainsuccesswithoutfailureB.failurecansometimeshelppredictsuccessC.theperformancepatternisdifficulttoidentifyD.thecriticalpointhadbeendiscoveredbychance14.Theunderlinedphrase“astagnationregion”inParagraph6referstoaregion________.A.withoutprogress B.beyondrecognitionC.unknowntooutsiders D.initselementarystage15.WhatistheconclusionofWang’sresearch?A.Winnerstrylessthanlosers.butgainmore.B.Perseveranceistheutmostsecrettosuccess.C.Workingsmartcouldturnfailuresintofuturesuccesses.D.Luckandworkhabitshardlymakeanydifferencetotheresult.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Butnoteveryfailureleadstosuccess,headds.Andwhateventuallyseparatesthewinnersfromthelosers,theresearchshows,certainlyisnotpersistence.Oneofthemoreinterestingfindingsinthepaper,publishedlastOctoberinNature,isthatthepeoplewhoeventuallysucceededandthepeoplewhoeventuallyfailedtriedbasicallythesamenumberoftimestoachievetheirgoals.(但他补充说，并不是每一次失败都会导致成功。研究显示，最终区分赢家和输家的，当然不是坚持不懈。去年10月发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文中有一个更有趣的发现，那就是最终成功的人和最终失败的人为实现目标所尝试的次数基本相同。)”可知，更多的尝试不一定会带来成功。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Inotherwords,thefasteryoufail,thebetteryourchancesofsuccess,andthemoretimebetweenattempts,themorelikelyyouaretofailagain.“Ifsomeonehasappliedforagrantandtheyarethreefailuresin,”Wangsays,“ifwejustlookatthetimingbetweenthefailures,wewillbeabletopredictwhethertheywilleventuallysucceedornot.”(换句话说，失败的速度越快，成功的机会就越大，两次尝试之间的间隔时间越长，再次失败的可能性就越大。“如果有人申请了一项资助，但他们失败了三次，”王说，“如果我们只看两次失败之间的时间间隔，我们就能预测他们最终是否会成功。”)”可知，从两次失败的时间间隔可以帮助预测最终是否能成功，即失败有时可以帮助预测成功。故选B。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Workingwithsuchlarge-scaledata,Wangandhiscolleagueswereabletoidentifyacriticalpointthatwascommontoeachofthehundredsofthousandsofundertakingstheyhadanalyzed,aforkintheroadwhereonepathleadstoadevelopmentregionandoneleadstoastagnationregion.(利用如此大规模的数据，王和他的同事们能够在他们分析的数十万个企业中找到一个共同的临界点，这是一个岔路口，一条路通向发展区域，一条路通向astagnationregion。)”可知，这个临界点导致两个不同的结果，即一个是“developmentregion(发展区域)”，那么与之相对的可以推断出是“停滞区域，非发展区”。astagnationregion的含义为“停滞区域，非发展区”。A.withoutprogress没有进展；B.beyondrecognition认不出来；C.unknowntooutsiders外人不知道；D.initselementarystage处于初级阶段。故选A。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Itturnsoutthattryingagainandagainonlyworksifyoulearnfromyourpreviousfailures.Theideaistoworksmart,nothard.“Youhavetofigureoutwhatworkedandwhatdidn’t,andthenfocusonwhatneedstobeimprovedinsteadofstrugglingaroundandchangingeverything,”saysWang.“Thepeoplewhofaileddidn’tnecessarilyworklessthanthosewhosucceeded.Theycouldactuallyhaveworkedmore:it’sjustthattheymademoreunnecessarychanges.”（事实证明，只有从以前的失败中吸取教训，一次又一次的尝试才会成功。关键是要聪明地工作，而不是努力工作。“你必须弄清楚什么有效，什么无效，然后专注于需要改进的地方，而不是挣扎着改变一切，”王说。“失败者并不一定比成功者工作得少。他们其实可以做得更多:只是他们做了更多不必要的改变。”）”以及最后一段中““Whatwe’reshowinghereisthatevenintheabsenceofsuchdifferences,youcanstillhaveverydifferentoutcomes.”hesays.Whatmattersishowpeoplefail,howtheyrespondtofailureandwherethosefailureslead.(他说：“我们在这里展示的是，即使没有这些差异，你仍然可以得到非常不同的结果。”重要的是人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么。)”可知，王的研究结果表明并不是每一次失败都会导致成功，真正导致成功的是弄清楚人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么，然后进行改变，即聪明地工作可以把失败变成未来的成功。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FoolingtheEye—CameraTricksthatYouCanDoWe’veallseenphotographsthatseemtoshowincredibleimages,thankstophotoeditingsoftware.____16____Herearesomeeasytipsandtricksthatcancreateimagesthatfooltheeye.PlayingwithPerspectiveOneoftheeasiesttricksiscalledforcedperspective.____17____Thepersoninfrontwilllooklarge,andthepersonfartherawaywilllookverysmall.Thepersoninfrontcanholdouttheirhandasiftheyareholdingsomething,andifyoulineuptheshotcorrectly,thepersoninbackwilllookliketheyareverytinyandarebeingheldinthefrontperson’shand.FlyingSuperheroesHowcanyoutakeaphotographofafriendsothattheyseemtobeflyingsuperheroes?Therearetwomethodsforthis.First,haveyoufrienddressupinasuperherocostume,especiallyonewithacape(披肩，斗篷).Posethemoutsideagainsttheopensky,andhaveanotherfriendholdthecapeout.Positionyourselflowandtakethephotolookingslightlyupward.Thenyoucanedititsothatthehandholdingthecapeoutisn’tvisible.____18____Thenhavesomeonelieonthesheettoactasifthey’reflyingaboveacityskyline.OtherTricks____19____Holdupanemptyicecreamcone(锥形蛋卷筒)soitlookslikeit’sfilledwithcloudsinsteadoficecream.Haveafrienddrawfunnyeyeballsonthebackoftheirhandandthenholdtheirhandacrosstheirrealeyesforafunnyfacephoto.Youcancreateyourowntrickphotosbyexploringotherwaystouseallthesetricks.____20____A.Istheskyfullofbig,softandwhiteclouds?B.Takeaphotooficecreamifyourfriendslikeit.C.Theonlyruleisnottodoanythingriskyandtohavefun.D.Todothis,yousetupacamerashotwithsomeonecloserandsomeonefartheraway.E.Butdidyouknowyoucancreateunbelievableimageswithoutanyfancytechnology?F.Anotheristohaveyourfriendslieflatonasheetandposethemselvesinahumanpyramid.G.Theotheristotakeasheet,layitflatontheground,anddecorateitwithbuildingsandclouds.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在不使用复杂技术的情况上，如何用照相机拍出能欺骗眼睛的照片的摄影特技。【16题详析】上文“We’veallseenphotographsthatseemtoshowincredibleimages,thankstophotoeditingsoftware.(多亏了照片编辑软件，我们都见过看起来令人难以置信的照片)”提到我们都见过看起来令人难以置信的照片，以及下文“Herearesomeeasytipsandtricksthatcancreateimagesthatfooltheeye.(这里有一些简单的技巧和技巧，可以创造出欺骗眼睛的图像)”接着说这里有一些简单的技巧可以创造出以假乱真的图像，E选项“Butdidyouknowyoucancreateunbelievableimageswithoutanyfancytechnology?(但你知道吗，你可以在不使用任何复杂技术的情况下创造出令人难以置信的图像？)”起到了承上启下的作用，引出下文不借助软件的摄影技巧。故选E项。【17题详析】上文“Oneoftheeasiesttricksiscalledforcedperspective.(最简单的技巧之一叫做强迫透视)”提到强迫透视。并结合下文“Thepersoninfrontwilllooklarge,andthepersonfartherawaywilllookverysmall.(前面的人看起来会很大，而离得远的人看起来会很小)”可知，D选项“Todothis,yousetupacamerashotwithsomeonecloserandsomeonefartheraway.(要做到这一点，你可以设置一个镜头，让一个人离得近一些，另一个人离得远一些)”具体说明了如何实现强迫透视技巧，符合语境。故选D项。【18题详析】上文“First,haveyoufrienddressupinasuperherocostume,especiallyonewithacape(披肩，斗篷).Posethemoutsideagainsttheopensky,andhaveanotherfriendholdthecapeout.(首先，让你的朋友穿上超级英雄的服装，尤其是披着斗篷的那种。让他们在户外对着开阔的天空摆姿势，让另一个朋友拿着斗篷)”介绍了让朋友扮成超级英雄拍摄飞行效果的第一种方法，以及上文“Therearetwomethodsforthis.”可知，这里要介绍第二种方法，G选项“Theotheristotakeasheet,layitflatontheground,anddecorateitwithbuildingsandclouds.(另一种方法是拿一张床单，把它平放在地上，然后用建筑物和云朵来装饰它)”介绍了第二种拍摄飞行效果的方法，与下文“Thenhavesomeonelieonthesheettoactasifthey’reflyingaboveacityskyline.(然后让某人躺在床单上，装作他们在城市天际线上方飞行)”相衔接。故选G项。【19题详析】根据下文“Holdupanemptyicecreamconesoitlookslikeit’sfilledwithcloudsinsteadoficecream.(举起一个空的冰淇淋蛋卷筒，这样它看起来就像是装满了云而不是冰淇淋)”可知，A选项“Istheskyfullofbig,softandwhiteclouds?(天空中是不是布满了又大又软的白云？)”与下文利用云朵和冰淇淋蛋卷筒拍摄有趣照片相呼应，引出下文内容。故选A项。【20题详析】上文“Youcancreateyourowntrickphotosbyexploringotherwaystouseallthesetricks.(你可以通过探索使用所有这些技巧的其他方法来创作你自己的技巧照片)”提到探索使用所有这些技巧的其他方法来创作你自己的技巧照片。C选项“Theonlyruleisnottodoanythingriskyandtohavefun.(唯一的规则是不要做任何有风险的事情，并且要享受其中的乐趣)”对创作技巧照片进行了总结，说明创作时的注意事项。故选C项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1968,WalterMischelsetachallengeforagroupofchildrenagedthreetofiveatthenurseryschoolhisdaughtersattendedinCalifornia.Aresearcherofferedeachofthemamarshmallow(棉花糖)andthenleftthemaloneintheroom.Iftheycouldresist____21____thecolorfulsweetuntilresearcherreturnedupto15minuteslater,theywouldbegivenasecondsweet.Somechildrenatethemarshmallowstraightaway,butmostwouldengageinunintentionallycomicattemptstoresisttemptation.Theypulledfunnyfaces,playedwiththeirhair,pickedupthemarshmallowandjust____22____totakeabite.Iftwochildrenweredoingtheexperimenttogether,theyengagedinaconversationabouthowtheycouldworktogethertoreachthegoalof____23____theirpleasure.WhatMischel,aclinicalpsychologist,wantedwastounderstandhowchildrenlearnedto____24____temptation.Overthefollowingyears,thegroupofchildrenremainedfriends.WhenMischelchattedtohisdaughtersabouttheirformerclassmates,hebegantonoticeaninteresting____25____:thechildrenwhohadexhibitedthemostself-controlinthe‘marshmallowtest’weredoingbetterinlifethantheirpeers.Hedecidedtoinvestigatefurther.Formorethan40years,Mischelfollowedthelivesofthenurserystudents.Hisfindingswereextraordinary.Itturnsoutthatbeingabletoresistatreatattheageoffiveisastrong____26____ofsuccessinlife:youaremorelikelytoperformwellatschoolanddevelopself-confidenceandlesslikelytobeoverweightordevelopaddictions.MischelstillteachespsychologyatColumbiaUniversityandhasjustwrittenTheMarshmallowTest,abooksumminguphalfacenturyofresearch.Theconclusionhedrawsfromhismarshmallowresearchis____27____:somepeoplemaybe____28____disciplinedbuttheabilitytoresisttemptationisaskillthatcanalsobetaught.Teachchildrenself-controlearlyandyoucanimprovetheir____29____.However,nosingle____30____—suchasself-control—canexplainsuccessorfailure.SomecriticshavepointedoutthatMischel’soriginalsubjectswerethemselveschildrenofuniversityprofessorsandgraduatestudents—notexactlyarepresentativesample.Otherscientistsnotedthat____31____inhomeenvironmentcouldaccountfordifferences:stablehomesandone-childfamiliesencourageself-control,whileinlessstablehomesandthosewithmanychildren,ifyoudon’t____32____amarshmallownowtherewon’tbeanyleftin15minutes.Mischelanswersthesecriticsbynotingthatstudiesinawidevarietyofschoolsfound____33____results.Heacknowledgesthattheenvironment____34____ourabilitytoresisttemptationandobservesthatgeneticsplaysaroletoo.Buthestillbelieve