高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 文体分类练4　说明文和议论文

文体分类练(四)说明文和议论文高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1主题:电动汽车加油中心的新构想

词数:230难度:★★★☆☆JeffreyLee,aMizzouarchitecturalstudiesgraduatewhoformedLevelStudioin2021,justgavethechanginginfrastructureprojectaninjectionofnewenergy.WithLevelStudio

1

ChristopherTaurmandLexiWhite,Leeputforwardtheelectricvehicle(EV)chargingstationconcept,ElectricOasiswhichwonthe2023ForgePrize.

2

steelastheprimarybuildingmaterial,

thedesignreimaginesexistinggasstationsascharging

3

forelectricvehicles.Withthe

4

fromgas-poweredvehicles—thegoalistohaveEVs

5

atleast50%ofnewcarsalesby2030—conventionalgasstationscouldbeput

6

.Buthalfofgasstationsareonpetroleum-pollutedlandthatrequiresstrict

7

.Thestudio’sdesignfeatures“tree-like”steelcanopies(顶篷)that

8

intotheirfoundationaninnovativesystemthatremovesethanol(乙醇)pollution.

Theconceptalsoaddressesthe

9

EVchargingprocess.Fillingatankofgasusuallytakesaround2to5minutes,whilethetimerequiredforanEVtoreacha

10

chargecantakeupto4.5hours.“Oursolutionwastocreatemorespaces,to

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thegasstationintosomethingthat’smoreofadestination,”Leesays.Intheirdesignit’snot

12

achargingstation.“Whatdoesthecommunityneed?Canthesespacesalso

13

them?”“Thedesignisflexible,soitcanbe

14

todifferentsites.”

Fornow,theteamispursuingleadsandis

15

topartneringwithinterestedcompaniesordevelopmentteamstoputtheirElectricOasisdesignintopractice.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名密苏里大学建筑学专业毕业生将现有加油站重新构想与气动汽车的充电中心的创新想法。1.A.applicants B.co-foundersC.friends D.physicians答案

B解析

根据文章第一句可判断出Level

Studio是一个建筑学专业毕业生创建的工作室,再结合上下文语境可推出,此处是说,与Level

Studio的联合创始人Christopher

Taurm和Lexi

White一起,Lee提出了电动汽车(EV)充电站概念Electric

Oasis,赢得了2023年的Forge奖。2.A.Employing B.UndertakingC.Instructing D.Deciding答案

A解析

此处是说,该设计采用钢铁为主要建筑材料。employ运用,使用;

undertake承担,从事;instruct指示,命令;decide

决定。3.A.approaches B.privilegesC.inventions D.destinations答案

D解析

根据第三段中的“Our

solution

was

to

create

more

spaces,to

the

gas

station

into

something

that’s

more

of

a

destination”可推出,此处是说,该设计将现有的加油站重新构想为电动汽车充电的目的地。

4.A.angle B.purposeC.shift D.boundary答案

C解析

由语境及生活常识可知,此处是说,随着从汽油动力汽车向电动汽车的转变——目标是到2030年让电动汽车至少占新车销量的50%——传统加油站可能会停业关闭。angle角度;purpose

目的;shift转移,变换;boundary边界,界限。5.A.riseto B.makeupC.takedown D.cutdown答案

B解析

make

up组成,构成;rise

to上升到;take

down拆除,写下;cut

down砍倒,削减。6.A.ataloss B.outofdateC.outofbusiness D.atrisk答案

C解析

at

a

loss不知所措;out

of

date过时;out

of

business关闭;at

risk有危险。7.A.coverage B.restorationC.innovation D.distribution答案

B解析

本句中的“petroleum-polluted

land”说明加油站所在的土地是受污染的,因此推断出改造成充电站时需要修复。coverage新闻报道,涉及;

restoration

修复;innovation

创新;distribution分布,分配。8.A.integrate B.changeC.force D.shrink答案

A解析

句意:该工作室的设计以“树状”钢顶篷为特色,该顶篷将消除乙醇污染的创新系统集成到其地基中。integrate使成为一体;shrink(使)缩小。9.A.lengthy B.delicateC.rough D.smooth答案

A解析

后面一句提到加满一箱油通常需要2~5分钟左右,电动汽车充满电则需4.5小时,由此推断出电动汽车充电是一个漫长的过程。lengthy漫长的,冗长的;delicate

脆弱的,精致的。10.A.rich B.full C.steady D.typical答案

B解析

与本句前半部分中的“Filling

a

tank

of

gas”呼应,此处应表示“充满电”。full

满的。11.A.put B.divideC.translate D.transform答案

D解析

我们的解决方案是创造更多的空间,把加油站改造成一个更像目的地的地方。o把……改造成。12.A.necessarily B.casuallyC.merely D.slightly答案

C解析

根据后面一句话可知,他们希望所设计的充电站能够同时满足社区的一些其他需求,由此推断出这不仅仅是充电站。merely仅仅;necessarily必然地;casually漫不经心地;slightly略微。13.A.ignore B.serve C.hold D.please答案

B解析

根据语境判断,他们考虑了社区的需求,希望充电站能够满足这些需求。serve能满足……的需要。14.A.reformed B.justifiedC.committed D.adapted答案

D解析

根据空前的“flexible”可以推断,他们的设计能适应不同地点。adapt适应;reform改革;justify为……辩护;commit犯(罪、错),承诺。15.A.accustomed B.addictedC.equal D.open答案

D解析

由空后的“partnering

with

interested

companies

or

development

teams

to

put

their

Electric

Oasis

design

into

practice”可知,该团队目前愿意与感兴趣的公司或开发团队合作。Passage

2主题:乌鸦研究新发现

词数:225难度:★★★☆☆Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad

16

cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand

17

plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe

18

birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows

19

us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t

20

tothem.Butwhenthe

21

humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“

22

”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir

23

!

“Crowsareconstantly

24

us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou,

25

thesituation.”

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted

26

tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad

27

fromoneanother.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand

28

thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir

29

.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’

30

work.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。16.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff答案

B解析

由上文“Wearing

a

caveman

mask”可知,此处指戴上面具。17.A.dropped B.steppedC.pressed D.tied答案

D解析

由下文“the

crows

they

had

caught

and

banded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。18.A.unhappy B.beautifulC.black D.rare答案

A解析

由上文“caught

crows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。19.A.hate B.attackC.recognize D.contact答案

C解析

由下文“the

crows

scolded

loudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具,在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后他们再戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦能认出他们。20.A.wave B.reactC.reply D.turn答案

B解析

由下文“to

them”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。react

to固定搭配,意为“对……作出反应”。21.A.friendly B.unkindC.different D.same答案

D解析

由下文“humans

walked

by

while

wearing

the

masks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。22.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers答案

A解析

由上文“the

crows

scolded

loudly

and

dived

at

their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。23.A.clothes B.facesC.organs D.figures答案

B解析

由下文“They

look,they

think,they

eyeball

you”可知,乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。24.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating答案

C解析

由下文“They

look”可知,乌鸦一直在观察他们。25.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worsening答案

A解析

由上文“They

look,they

think,they

eyeball

you”和下文“the

situation”可知,乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势,去攻击他们。26.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly答案

D解析

由下文“But

in

later

tests,an

increasing

number

of

crows

began

scolding

them”可知,乌鸦攻击他们,对他们产生有威胁性的行为。27.A.resulted B.heardC.learned D.benefited答案

C解析

由下文“pass

this

information”可知,乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息。28.A.promised B.identifiedC.denied D.clarified答案

B解析

由上下文可知,Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。29.A.young B.neighborC.partners D.opponents答案

A解析

由上文“adults

even

pass

this

information

to

their”可知,成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼崽。30.A.wings B.noses C.legs D.brains答案

D解析

由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知,Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。Passage

3(2024江西九江三模)主题:出色的能力源于严格练习

词数:249

难度:★★★☆☆Ifyouwanttostandout,10,000hoursoftrainingwilltakeyoumuchfurtherthanyournaturalabilities.Mozartisconsideredbymanyasthegreatestcomposerwhoeverlived.Traditionally,manypeople

31

outstandingachievementslikeMozart’sareduetotalent,oreveninborninspirationor

32

.

Thisassumptionholdsespeciallytrueforchildprodigies(神童)likeMozartwhosemusictalent

33

theworldattheageofsix.Butlookingmore

34

atthisphenomenon,wefindthattheseindividualsactuallyhadtopracticecountlesshoursbeforeshowingtheir

35

remarkabletalent.Infact,scientistsindicatethataprodigy’strainingtypically

36

ataveryearlyage,withmassivetimeinvestedinpractice.

Forexample,whenthesix-year-oldMozarttouredEuropeto

37

hisbrilliantpianoskills,hehadalready

38

3,500hoursofmusicaltraining.Ifyoucomparethistootherpianistswhohavepracticedforaslong,Mozart’s

39

wasn’tallthatexceptional.Itseemsthatoutstandingabilitiescomefromintensivestrictpractice

40

naturaltalents.Astudyshowstheonlyfactordirectly

41

thestudents’levelofachievementwastheamountofseriouspracticetime:themost

42

performershadpracticedforanaverageof10,000hours,whiletheleastskilledhadonly4,000hoursofpractice.What’sevenmorerevealingisthattherewereno

43

:Allofthetopperformershad

44

greateffortstotheirpractice.Itseemsthatnoextraordinarytalentcan

45

withouttoughpractice.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过讨论和分析莫扎特等天才的例子,来论证一个观点,即出色的能力并非仅来源于天赋,而是需要大量的严格练习。31.A.admit B.assumeC.realize D.hope答案

B解析

根据上文“Mozart

is

considered

by

many

as

the

greatest

composer

who

ever

lived.”可知,莫扎特被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作曲家,所以许多人认为取得像莫扎特这样的杰出成就是由于天赋。32.A.motivation B.progressC.fate D.determination答案

C解析

根据上文“due

to

talent,or

even

inborn

inspiration

or”可知,空处和talent以及inborn

inspiration并列,结合选项,应是“fate(命运)”符合语境。故选C项。33.A.amazed B.excitedC.questioned D.scared答案

A解析

根据下文“the

world

at

the

age

of

six”可知,6岁展现的天赋应是让世界惊叹不已。34.A.slowly B.hurriedlyC.widely D.closely答案

D解析

根据下文“we

find

that

these

individuals

actually

had

to

practice

countless

hours

before

showing

their

remarkable

talent”可知,发现了一个结论,应是仔细观察这一现象才可以得出。

35.A.old-fashioned B.so-calledC.well-organized D.newly-discovered答案

B解析

根据主语“these

individuals”可知,这些人指的是前文提到的神童,所以应是他们“所谓的非凡才能”符合语境。36.A.begins B.exists C.ends D.grows答案

A解析

根据下文“with

massive

time

invested

in

practice”可知,投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以是训练很早就开始了。37.A.polish B.spreadC.display D.broadcast答案

C解析

根据上文“when

the

six-year-old

Mozart

toured

Europe”以及下文“his

brilliant

piano

skills”可知,莫扎特在欧洲巡回演出,应是展示他卓越的钢琴技巧。38.A.exchanged B.acceleratedC.undergone D.missed答案

C解析

根据上文“In

fact,scientists

indicate

that

a

prodigy’s

training

typically

at

a

very

early

age,with

massive

time

invested

in

practice.”可知,神童的训练通常在很小的时候就开始了,并投入了大量的时间在练习上,所以此处应是已经接受了3500小时的音乐训练。

39.A.achievement B.ambitionC.exploration D.experience答案

A解析

根据上文“If

you

compare

this

to

other

pianists

who

have

practiced

for

as

long”可知,和其他练习了这么久的钢琴家相比,应是莫扎特的成就并不是那么特别。40.A.otherthan B.ratherthanC.aswellas D.incaseof答案

B解析

根据上文“If

you

compare

this

to

other

pianists

who